A system of natural philosophy : in which the principles of mechanics, hydrostatics, hydraulics, pneumatics, acoustics, optics, astronomy, electricity, and magnetism, are familiarly explained, and illustrated by more than two hundred engravings : to which are added, questions for the examination of the pupils : designed for the use of schools and academies /

Mode of access: Internet.

The American journal of physiological optics

"A quarterly journal edited by Charles Sheard."

The theory of optics /

Includes index.

Photographic optics.

Mode of access: Internet.

Proceedings of the Aero-Optics Symposium on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation from Aircraft, held at Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, August 14-15, 1979 /

Includes bibliographical references.

Optics and Optoelectronics of Two-dimensional Semiconducting Monolayers and Heterostructures

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Comparison of linear optics quantum-computation control-sign gates with ancilla inefficiency and an improvement to functionality under these conditions

We compare three proposals for nondeterministic control-sign gates implemented using linear optics and conditional measurements with nonideal ancilla mode production and detection. The simplified Knill-Laflamme-Milburn gate [Ralph , Phys. Rev. A 65, 012314 (2001)] appears to be the most resilient under these conditions. We also find that the operation of this gate can be improved by adjusting the beam splitter ratios to compensate to some extent for the effects of the imperfect ancilla.

Experimental tests of quantum nonlinear dynamics in atom optics

Cold atoms in optical potentials provide an ideal test bed to explore quantum nonlinear dynamics. Atoms are prepared in a magneto-optic trap or as a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate and subjected to a far detuned optical standing wave that is modulated. They exhibit a wide range of dynamics, some of which can be explained by classical theory while other aspects show the underlying quantum nature of the system. The atoms have a mixed phase space containing regions of regular motion which appear as distinct peaks in the atomic momentum distribution embedded in a sea of chaos. The action of the atoms is of the order of Planck's constant, making quantum effects significant. This tutorial presents a detailed description of experiments measuring the evolution of atoms in time-dependent optical potentials. Experimental methods are developed providing means for the observation and selective loading of regions of regular motion. The dependence of the atomic dynamics on the system parameters is explored and distinct changes in the atomic momentum distribution are observed which are explained by the applicable quantum and classical theory. The observation of a bifurcation sequence is reported and explained using classical perturbation theory. Experimental methods for the accurate control of the momentum of an ensemble of atoms are developed. They use phase space resonances and chaotic transients providing novel ensemble atomic beamsplitters. The divergence between quantum and classical nonlinear dynamics is manifest in the experimental observation of dynamical tunnelling. It involves no potential barrier. However a constant of motion other than energy still forbids classically this quantum allowed motion. Atoms coherently tunnel back and forth between their initial state of oscillatory motion and the state 180 out of phase with the initial state.

Design of an X-band tray-type spatial power combiner using uniplanar quasi-Yagi antennas

The design of an X-band tray-type spatial power combiner, which employs uniplanar quasi-Yagi antennas (QYAs) for receiving and transmitting signals by individual amplifiers, is presented. Passive and active varieties of a seven-tray power-combining structure that includes two hard horns for uniform signal launching and combining across the tray stack are developed and measured. In order to compensate for nonuniform phase across the stack, which is caused by the nonplanar wave front of the horn antennas, Schiffman phase shifters are implemented in individual trays. The experimental-results show an improved performance of the investigated tray-type power combiner when the proposed phase-error compensation is implemented. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Numerical evaluation of three dimensional effects in planar flow birefringence

The influence of three dimensional effects on isochromatic birefringence is evaluated for planar flows by means of numerical simulation. Two fluid models are investigated in channel and abrupt contraction geometries. In practice, the flows are confined by viewing windows, which alter the stresses along the optical path. The observed optical properties differ therefore from their counterpart in an ideal two-dimensional flow. To investigate the influence of these effects, the stress optical rule and the differential propagation Mueller matrix are used. The material parameters are selected so that a retardation of multiple orders is achieved, as is typical for highly birefringent melts. Errors due to three dimensional effects are mainly found on the symmetry plane, and increase significantly with the flow rate. Increasing the geometric aspect ratio improve the accuracy provided that the error on the retardation is less than one order. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Scaling of multiple postselected quantum gates in optics

We show that interesting multigate circuits can be constructed using a postselected controlled-sign gate that works with a probability (1/3)(n), where n-1 is the number of controlled-sign gates in the circuit, rather than (1/9)(n-1), as would be expected from a sequence of such gates. We suggest some quantum information tasks which could be demonstrated using these circuits, such as parity checking and cluster-state computation.

The design of planar gradient coils. Part ll: A weighted superposition method

In this work a superposition technique for designing gradient coils for the purpose of magnetic resonance imaging is outlined, which uses an optimized weight function superimposed upon an initial winding similar to that obtained from the target field method to generate the final wire winding. This work builds on the preliminary work performed in Part I on designing planar insertable gradient coils for high resolution imaging. The proposed superposition method for designing gradient coils results in coil patterns with relatively low inductances and the gradient coils can be used as inserts into existing magnetic resonance imaging hardware. The new scheme has the capacity to obtain images faster with more detail due to the deliver of greater magnetic held gradients. The proposed method for designing gradient coils is compared with a variant of the state-of-the-art target field method for planar gradient coils designs, and it is shown that the weighted superposition approach outperforms the well-known the classical method.

Investigations into a wideband spatial beamformer employing a rectangular array of planar monopoles

This paper presents a rectangular array antenna with a suitable signal-processing algorithm that is able to steer the beam in azimuth over a wide frequency band. In the previous approach, which was reported in the literature, an inverse discrete Fourier transform technique was proposed for obtaining the signal weighting coefficients. This approach was demonstrated for large arrays in which the physical parameters of the antenna elements were not considered. In this paper, a modified signal-weighting algorithm that works for arbitrary-size arrays is described. Its validity is demonstrated in examples of moderate-size arrays with real antenna elements. It is shown that in some cases, the original beam-forming algorithm fails, while the new algorithm is able to form the desired radiation pattern over a wide frequency band. The performance of the new algorithm is assessed for two cases when the mutual coupling between array elements is both neglected and taken into account.