Comportamento fractal de tracos de fraturas na borda sul do macico granitico de itu, estado de Sao Paulo

Fractal geometry is relevant to understand and explain many natural complex geometries. Using the fractal set concept (fig. 1) many authors have shown that shorelines, landscapes and fractures follow a fractal behaviour. These authors have developed many methods, including the Cantor's Dust Method (CDM) (VELDE et al., 1992), a linear method of analysis adapted for the determination of two-dimensional phenomena. The Itu Granitic Complex (IGC) is a wide granitic body that that crops out at northwest of Cabreuva City, Sao Paulo State (fig. 2) and was affected in its south border by dextral Itu-Jundiuvira Shear Zone (IJSZ) that produced fractures and alignment of feldspars crystals. The different types of fractures (compression, distension and shear) was discriminated from the relationship between them and medium stress ellipsoid of IJSZ (fig. 3). A modified version of CDM was used to study a possible fractal behaviour of the fracture traces in the south border of IGC. The main modification was the use only one direction of analysis (NE/SW). Four parallel profiles were traced with lengths between 9.75km and 12.75km, each one them was divided into six classes of segments (x) with 375m, 500m, 750m, 1.000m, 1.250m and 1.500m. The parameter (N) is provided by he rate between profile length and choiced segment. For each x the number of intervals is counted with at least one event (fracture intersection) which supplied the parameter(n). The n/N rate provide the parameter (p) that represents the relationship between frequency of events and x. And finally the parameters p and x were plotted in a logarithmic graphics (fig. 4) that provide a line with such a declivity (1) which is related to effective dimension (De). In theory, granitics bodies are isotropics and they would have a same fractal dimension in all segments, but the logarithmic graphics (fig. 4) show that fracture traces of IGC has a fractal behaviour in a restrict interval. This fact probably occurs from the passage of a ductil-brittle deformation condition to a more brittle deformation condition of IGC.

A new solution to the optimal power flow problem

A new approach to solving the Optimal Power Flow problem is described, making use of some recent findings, especially in the area of primal-dual methods for complex programming. In this approach, equality constraints are handled by Newton's method inequality constraints for voltage and transformer taps by the logarithmic barrier method and the other inequality constraints by the augmented Lagrangian method. Numerical test results are presented, showing the effective performance of this algorithm. © 2001 IEEE.

In vitro propagation of Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae) as potential source for antitumoral and antioxidant quinomethide triterpenes production. A rapid quantitative method for their analysis by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Cell culture of Maytenus ilicifolia were established in order to produce and to quantify the antitumoral and antioxidant quinonemethide triterpenes. In vitro calli were induced from leaf explants of native plants and cultured in semi-solid medium under controlled conditions of humidity, temperature and photoperiod. The quinonemethide triterpenes showed maximum accumulation in the logarithmic phase growth of the cell culture. A rapid, sensitive and reliable reverse-phase HPLC method was used for quantitative determination of the antitumoral and antioxidant quinonemethide triterpenes, 22β-hydroxymaytenin and maytenin in callus of Maytenus ilicifolia. Well resolved peaks with good detection response and linearity in the range 1.0 - 100 μg/mL were obtained. This quantitative work was performed by an external standard method.

Modified barrier method for optimal power flow problem

In this paper is presented a new approach for optimal power flow problem. This approach is based on the modified barrier function and the primal-dual logarithmic barrier method. A Lagrangian function is associated with the modified problem. The first-order necessary conditions for optimality are fulfilled by Newton's method, and by updating the barrier terms. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been examined by solving the Brazilian 53-bus, IEEE118-bus and IEEE162-bus systems.

Analysis of numeric conditioning of Hessian matrix of Lagrangian via singular values

This paper presents an analyze of numeric conditioning of the Hessian matrix of Lagrangian of modified barrier function Lagrangian method (MBFL) and primal-dual logarithmic barrier method (PDLB), which are obtained in the process of solution of an optimal power flow problem (OPF). This analyze is done by a comparative study through the singular values decomposition (SVD) of those matrixes. In the MBLF method the inequality constraints are treated by the modified barrier and PDLB methods. The inequality constraints are transformed into equalities by introducing positive auxiliary variables and are perturbed by the barrier parameter. The first-order necessary conditions of the Lagrangian function are solved by Newton's method. The perturbation of the auxiliary variables results in an expansion of the feasible set of the original problem, allowing the limits of the inequality constraints to be reached. The electric systems IEEE 14, 162 and 300 buses were used in the comparative analysis. ©2007 IEEE.

Optimal power flow via interior-exterior method

This paper presents a new approach to the resolution of the Optimal Power Flow problem. In this approach the inequality constraints are treated by the Modified Barrier and Primal-Dual Logarithmic Barrier methods. The inequality constraints are transformed into equalities by introducing positive auxiliary variables, which are perturbed by the barrier parameter. A Lagrangian function is associated with the modified problem. The first-order necessary conditions are applied to the Lagrangian, generating a nonlinear system which is solved by Newton's method. The perturbation of the auxiliary variables results in an expansion of the feasible set of the original problem, allowing the limits of the inequality constraints to be reached. Numerical tests on the Brazilian CESP and South-Southeast systems and a comparative test indicated that the new approach efficiently resolves of the Optimal Power Flow problem. © 2007 IEEE.

A resolução do problema de despacho ótimo de reativos pelo método da função Lagrangiana-barreira relaxada

This work presents the application of the relaxed barrier-Lagrangian function method to the optimal reactive dispatch problem, which is a nonlinear nonconvex and large problem. In this approach the inequality constraints are treated by the association of modified barrier and primal-dual logarithmic barrier method. Those constraints are transformed in equalities through positive auxiliary variables and are perturbed by the barrier parameter. A Lagrangian function is associated to the modified problem. The first-order necessary conditions are applied generating a non-linear system which is solved by Newton's method. The auxiliary variables perturbation result in an expansion of the feasible set of the original problem, allowing the limits of the inequality constraints to be reach. Numeric tests with the systems CESP 53 buses and the south-southeast Brazilian and the comparative test with the primal-dual logarithmic barrier method indicate that presented method is efficient in the resolution of optimal reactive dispatch problem.

Uso de modelos lineales y no lineales para el estudio de la curva de lactancia en búfalos Murrah y sus cruces en sistemas de cría extensiva en el estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fungigação no controle do mofo branco e produtividade do feijoeiro em condições de cerrado brasileiro

The aim of this research was to evaluate the white mold severity (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) of Bary), bean production components and yield (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), variety Perola, according to the application of procimidone fungicide (Sialex 500), through fungigation (center pivot) and automotive sprayer (Uniport). The study was carried under field production commercial conditions, in Primavera do Leste - MT - Brazil. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments (with 4 repetitions of 4 ha each), all with two procimidone applications (1.2 kg ha-1 each application, same as, 0.6 kg a.i. per hectare) to the 42 and 52 days after seeding. The water depths of 5.5 and 11.0 mm were tested in the application through central pivot (this had your checked uniformity), providing volumes of 55.000 and 110.000 L ha-1, respectively, and the volumes of 120 and 200 L ha-1 in the automotive sprayer. The severity of disease was evaluated by the percentage of the area affected by plant damage using diagramatic grade scale of white mold severity, as described by Azevedo (1998). The values were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). They were also analyzed, the number of the fungus apothecia during the crop cycle and the residual sclerotias weight in harvest. On this occasion, it was also evaluated the crop yield parameters: number of plants per plot (final stand), pods per plant, grains per pod, medium weight of 200 grains and productivity of grains. The AUDPC values, apothecia to 42, 49 and 56 days after seeding, sclerotias in 2 soil kg and the crop productivity parameters were submitted to the variance analysis and Tukey Test at 0.05 of probability. This test was also applied in the comparison among the different fungicide application methods, independent of spray volumes in each one. The statistical processing was accomplished by STAT program. The results showed that weren't differences among application techniques studied in relation to productivity parameters, however, best white mold control, smaller apothecia number to 49 and 56 days after seeding and smaller weight of residual sclerotias in the harvest were obtained with the fungigation, independently of the spray volume used.

Uniconazole on mango floral induction cultivar 'Kent' at submedio são francisco region, Brazil

In order to provide efficient crop management which enables the scaling of the production of mango in semi-arid conditions and achieve a greater precision in the recommendation, evaluating the effect and the influence of uniconazole foliar spray, on the emission of vegetative flushes in the cultivar 'Kent', field tests were carried out in a productive orchard. Treatments tested were three uniconazole dosages, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg L-1, with one, two or three respective foliar sprayings. Another treatment with paclobutrazol was used at 2.0 g a.i./m of canopy diameter, with a single application via soil and a control (without spraying of plant growth regulators), where spreader-sticker was added and the pH was adjusted. With 30, 60 and 90 days after the first spraying of the flowering inducer the growth of branches were evaluated, as well as the percentage of flowering in all treatments after 120 days of first spraying. The sprayings started in the orchard after the emission of the second vegetative flush after pruning of production, through airassisted sprayer with flow rate of 1,000 L ha-1. The experimental design was done through randomized blocks with four replications, using three plants per plot. It was observed that paclobutrazol was significantly highlighted in relation to other treatments and that the uniconazole with one, two and three foliar sprayings presented inhibition of the vegetative growth in mango 'Kent' and showed, even at low proportions, signs of flowering.

Estado nutricional de mangueiras determinado pelos métodos DRIS e CND

Different procedures for the integrated method of diagnosis and recommendation may influence the accuracy of foliar diagnosis of mango. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the diagnosis of nutritional status of mango obtained by different methods of assessing nutritional status, comparing multivariate relations (method CND) with bivariate relationships (DRIS) i.e., variations in the use of specific or preliminary standards and a logarithmic transformation of the data. The macro and micronutrient leaf analysis results of 63 mango orchards of Lower-middle São Francisco River Valley, Brazil, were used. To interpret nutritional status the Potential Response to Fertilization (PRA) criteria was used. The CND and DRIS methods, with and without logarithmic transformation and using specific or preliminary standards, which showed similar performance in assessing the nutritional status of the mango in Lower-middle San Francisco. Mango orchards in the semiarid region of northeast Brazil, the micronutrient deficiencies (Zn, Fe and Cu) were more frequent than macronutrient deficiency.

Dimensional effects on the momentum distribution of bosonic trimer states

The momentum distribution is a powerful probe of strongly interacting systems that are expected to display universal behavior. This is contained in the contact parameters which relate few- and many-body properties. Here we consider a Bose gas in two dimensions and explicitly show that the two-body contact parameter is universal and then demonstrate that the momentum distribution at next-to-leading order has a logarithmic dependence on momentum which is vastly different from the three-dimensional case. Based on this, we propose a scheme for measuring the effective dimensionality of a quantum many-body system by exploiting the functional form of the momentum distribution. © 2013 American Physical Society.

Linear and Poisson models for genetic evaluation of tick resistance in cross-bred Hereford x Nellore cattle

Cattle resistance to ticks is measured by the number of ticks infesting the animal. The model used for the genetic analysis of cattle resistance to ticks frequently requires logarithmic transformation of the observations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive ability and goodness of fit of different models for the analysis of this trait in cross-bred Hereford x Nellore cattle. Three models were tested: a linear model using logarithmic transformation of the observations (MLOG); a linear model without transformation of the observations (MLIN); and a generalized linear Poisson model with residual term (MPOI). All models included the classificatory effects of contemporary group and genetic group and the covariates age of animal at the time of recording and individual heterozygosis, as well as additive genetic effects as random effects. Heritability estimates were 0.08 ± 0.02, 0.10 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.04 for MLIN, MLOG and MPOI models, respectively. The model fit quality, verified by deviance information criterion (DIC) and residual mean square, indicated fit superiority of MPOI model. The predictive ability of the models was compared by validation test in independent sample. The MPOI model was slightly superior in terms of goodness of fit and predictive ability, whereas the correlations between observed and predicted tick counts were practically the same for all models. A higher rank correlation between breeding values was observed between models MLOG and MPOI. Poisson model can be used for the selection of tick-resistant animals. © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Spray Nozzles, Pressures, Additives and Stirring Time on Viability and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) for Greenhouses

The objective of this study was to evaluate different strategies for the application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). Three different models of spray nozzles with air induction (AI 11003, TTI 11003 and AD-IA 11004), three spray pressures (207, 413 and 720 kPa), four different additives for tank mixtures (cane molasses, mineral oil, vegetable oil and glycerin) and the influence of tank mixture stirring time were all evaluated for their effect on EPN (Steinernema feltiae) viability and pathogenicity. The different nozzles, at pressures of up to 620 kPa, were found to be compatible with S. feltiae. Vegetable oil, mineral oil and molasses were found to be compatible adjuvants for S. feltiae, and stirring in a motorized backpack sprayer for 30 minutes did not impact the viability or pathogenicity of this nematode. Appropriate techniques for the application of nematodes with backpack sprayers are discussed. © 2013 Moreira et al.

Seletividade de herbicidas à cultura da mandioca

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)