Changes in tau phosphorylation levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex following chronic stress

Studies have indicated that early-life or early-onset depression is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of developing Alzheimers disease (AD). In AD, aggregation of an abnormally phosphorylated form of the tau protein may be a key pathological event. Tau is known to play a major role in promoting microtubule assembly and stabilization, and in maintaining the normal morphology of neurons. Several studies have reported that stress may induce tau phosphorylation. The main aim of the present study was to investigate possible alterations in the tau protein in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and then re-exposed to CUMS to mimic depression and the recurrence of depression, respectively, in humans. We evaluated the effects of CUMS, fluoxetine, and CUMS re-exposure on tau and phospho-tau. Our results showed that a single exposure to CUMS caused a significant reduction in sucrose preference, indicating a state of anhedonia. The change in behavior was accompanied by specific alterations in phospho-tau protein levels, but fluoxetine treatment reversed the CUMS-induced impairments. Moreover, changes in sucrose preference and phospho-tau were more pronounced in rats re-exposed to CUMS than in those subjected to a single exposure. Our results suggest that changes in tau phosphorylation may contribute to the link between depression and AD.

Procedimentos para condução do teste de frio em sementes de milho: pré resfriamento e distribuição do substrato no interior da câmara fria

O teste de frio realizado em laboratórios brasileiros para avaliar o vigor das sementes de milho, geralmente é conduzido em caixas plásticas de 47 x 30 x 11cm, utilizando como substrato, aproximadamente 16 kg da mistura terra e areia. A necessidade do pré-resfriamento e a disposição do substrato no interior da câmara fria constituem fatores ainda não completamente definidos para a padronização desse teste. A pesquisa foi conduzida utilizando-se amostras de sementes de milho submetidas a três tratamentos: substrato e água não resfriados (T1); água previamente resfriada a 10ºC (T2) e substrato e água previamente resfriados a 10ºC (T3). Ao serem colocadas na câmara fria, quatro caixas representando cada tratamento foram superpostas, formando pilhas, e outras quatro foram dispostas horizontalmente ("lado a lado"). O resfriamento do substrato, no interior da câmara fria, foi monitorado através de avaliações da temperatura 2, 4, 8 e 26 horas após a instalação do teste. De acordo com o procedimento normalmente utilizado para a condução do teste de frio, após 7 dias as caixas foram transferidas para ambiente de laboratório e, a avaliação da germinação, realizada aos 7 dias após a transferência. Os resultados indicaram que a alternativa substrato e água pré-resfriados a 10ºC, em caixas dispostas horizontalmente, confere maior uniformidade ao teste de frio para sementes de milho, produzindo resultados consistentes e próximos da padronização.

Resolución N° 049 del 19 de marzo de 2010 ¿Es posible dar aplicación a las reuniones especiales como la de segunda convocatoria al interior de una entidad sin ánimo de lucro? ¿Cuáles son las condiciones para su aplicabilidad? ¿En que consiste la remisión normativa y cuál es su alcance respecto de las ESAL?

Servicios registrales

Interior Construction

Work nearing completion in one of the Glenridge Campus rooms.

Interior Work

Construction work taking place inside the Glenridge Campus.

Alphie's Trough Interior

View of the interior of Alphie's Trough.

Greenhouse Interior

A view from inside the Alumni Greenhouse.

Interior Construction

View of construction on the inside of the Mackenzie Chown Complex.

Molluscan carbonate geochemistry and paleoceanography of the Late Cretaceous western interior seaway of North America

North Amerlc8 W8S inundated by fJ major eplcontlnental sea during ihe C:retaceo.us Period. The sOljihw6rd transgression of th.e northern Boreal See along the ~\festern Interior Seaway resulted in a meetlng with the northward edv6nclng waters from the GUlf of Mexico (Obradovich and Cobban, 1975). Th1s link was 1n eXlstence by late Albien time and 6llowed for the comm1ngl1ng of the prol1ferous Arctic and Gulf rnar1ne faunas (F1g. 1). By early Campanlan time, there was a widening of B6ffln Bay wlth a slrnult8neous subsidence 1n the Arct1c Archlpelago and Sverdrup 6as1n (W11liam and Stelck, 1975). Williams and Burk (1964) found 6 break 1n the marines sedlmentatlon in the f1anltoba area, suggesting Bland corlnectlon from the Dlstrlct of Keewatln through eastern M6fl1toba to the lake Sl~perlor reglon, lmplying that the only dlrect connection between the Interlor Sea with Baffln Bay, was yia the Arct1c. This hiatus was also documented by Meek and Hayden (1861) ln the United states between the Niobrara and Pierre Format1ons. Jeletzky (1971) suggested that the retreat of the sea towards the east was by a serles of strong pulses resultlng in the regression of the Campanlan and M66str1chtlan seas. During ttle Cretaceous1 the r1s1ng Corl1111era caused the western shoreline of the Interlor Sea to migrate eastwards and the Cordillera'l detritus produced deltaic cornplexes from the Mackenzie Valley to Ne\N Mexlcoo The foreland basin was continually subslding and thls down\",arplng aided in the eastward m1gration of the western shorel1ne. Thls also lndicates that trle water 'tIes becom1ng deeper in the central Plains sect10n of the Seaway (Fig. 2).

Interior of Chapman College Chapel, Orange, California

Interior of Chapman College Chapel, Orange, California. The wooden-shingled church, constructed in 1909 for the congregation of Trinity Episcopal Church, is located on the northeast corner of East Maple Avenue and North Grand Street. Chapman College (now Chapman University) purchased the church for their chapel when the congregation moved to a new church on Canal Street.

Interior of Chapman College Chapel, Orange, California

Interior of Chapman College Chapel, Orange, California. Bill Carpenter, Chaplain. The wooden-shingled church, constructed in 1909 for the congregation of Trinity Episcopal Church, is located on the northeast corner of East Maple Avenue and North Grand Street. Chapman College (now Chapman University) purchased the church for their chapel when the congregation moved to a new church on Canal Street.

Chapman College Chapel interior, Orange, California

Small group meeting inside the Chapman College Chapel, Orange, California. The wooden-shingled church, constructed in 1909 for the congregation of Trinity Episcopal Church, is located on the northeast corner of East Maple Avenue and North Grand Street. Chapman College (now Chapman University) purchased the church for their chapel when the congregation moved to a new church on Canal Street.

Wedding, Chapman College Chapel interior, Orange, California

Wedding, Chapman College Chapel interior, Orange, California. The wooden-shingled church, constructed in 1909 for the congregation of Trinity Episcopal Church, is located on the northeast corner of East Maple Avenue and North Grand Street. Chapman College (now Chapman University) purchased the church for their chapel when the congregation moved to a new church on Canal Street.