1000 resultados para ensino de física


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The study investigated the use of an artistic work as mediator to trigger and sustain discursive participation of high school students in the classroom. Since the discursive dimension is an essential factor in constructivist teaching orientation, the general idea behind the work seeks to make use of the aesthetic function of signs to enhance the participation of learners discourse. With this goal in mind, the artistic sign painting Water Fall of the artist Maurits Cornelis Escher is employed for teaching physics concept of conservation of mechanical energy. The study compares two methods of a teacher who tries to promote students interactivity discursive. One methodology is guided only by formulating questions and other uses also an artistic sign along with the questions. The work shows that the teacher gets more successfully discursive participation of their students using the second methodology.

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In this paper we investigate the social interaction established between monitors and student-visitors to a science museum in terms of knowledge mobilized by the explanation about principle operating of Van De Graff Generator. Our research was conducted at a university public that maintains a Center of Sciences and the data were collected through recording video and audio of the dialogues established around a demonstration experiment. Data analysis is established around the conceptual correctness of the explanations made by the monitors. We also conducted a structured interview from a single question: what is the main difficulty faced in planning and conducting his presentation at the Science Center? The results show that the monitors were not able to exceed the process description of the operation of the experimental equipment, not being able to establish an interaction that fosters discussions of scientific concepts with visitors. Our research also found that, although the university maintained a Sciences Center, not there is a link between teacher training and activities in non-formal settings.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ensino de Física - FCT

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A observação do céu pode promover diversos desenvolvimentos em um sujeito, ligados a aspectos culturais, tecnológicos e/ou pessoais, e por isso, pode ter um forte potencial motivador. Está proposto nos documentos oficiais, que regem os currículos da educação básica brasileira, que o professor realize atividades de observação e reconhecimento do céu, visando a trabalhar com a capacidade de analisar e interpretar fenômenos naturais do ponto de vista da ciência. Visando, então, a formar um professor que possa levar essa parte da astronomia para sala de aula, indo além do encantamento, o Grupo de Astronomia Sputnik promoveu um curso de curta duração, que dentre diversas atividades, visitou um observatório astronômico, com a intenção de fazer uma observação do céu e capacitar o professor para tal. Esta pesquisa apresenta algumas das concepções desses professores sobre qual a importância da observação do céu tanto para o ensino de astronomia quanto para sua própria formação profissional. Os resultados apontam que, pelo fato dos próprios professores se sentirem bastante motivados com a atividade, eles reconhecem esse potencial para a sala de aula. Do ponto de vista de conteúdos que podem ser veiculados, aparecem alguns em algumas falas, mas ainda é forte a ideia de que para ocorrência desse tipo de atividade prática é preciso que ela esteja vinculada e complementando alguma teoria.

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Os currículos oficiais para as disciplinas de física nas séries do ensino médio trazem em geral sequências definidas e cada vez mais detalhadas quanto ao desenvolvimento na sala de aula. Por outro lado, os mesmos documentos oficiais que tratam dos objetivos formativos e educativos do ensino de ciências, em particular da física, propõem que devem ser utilizados procedimentos e estratégias na sala de aula, que considerem o aprendiz como foco do ensino; isto levaria a tratar o aluno como protagonista de sua aprendizagem. Para os professores, as duas ideias parecem contraditórias: como planejar um conteúdo a ser ensinado e também acompanhar o pensamento expresso pelo aluno? A exigência sobre a capacitação do professor é muito grande para que ele consiga movimentar-se dentro dessa situação para ele conflituosa. Mas é possível tratar os conteúdos disciplinares partindo de uma questão geradora pelos alunos. Apresentamos um trabalho de uma professora de física da rede pública do estado de São Paulo com alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio, relacionado à eletrostática. A professora planejou discutir os conceitos fundamentais a partir de atividades experimentais, incentivando a observação criteriosa e a análise de medidas, registros e organização dos resultados através de representações, para discutir os conteúdos facilitando o pensar na ação. Um tema-gerador ‘raio’ perpassa toda a sequência, resultando na participação e aprendizagem dos alunos.

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Apresentação oral em palestra semiplenaria do trabalho "Experiencias virtuales, una herramienta para enseñar mecanica".

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Following a worldwide trend, the Initial Teacher Education (ITE) Programmes in Brazil are recently searching for ways of integrating practice into curriculum. It raises question about what practice must be integrated and how. Notably, university-based courses are disconnected from school and have low commitment with school issues (Zeichner, 2009).The student teacher induction into school daily life is not an easy task, mainly when the practitioners are transforming physics classroom practice toward an active learning. Drawing on cultural-historical framework (Wolff-Michael Roth & Lee, 2007; Vygotsky, 1978) this study addresses the articulation between Practicum in Physics Classes and the Hands-on Experiments (HoE) used throughout the Practicum. Although in a different level, both Practicum and HoE are linked with an idea of practice. Particularly, this study focuses on how HoE might foster student teachers' autonomy and agency in the Practicum. Data was gathered in the course Practice of Physics Teaching at University of São Paulo/Brazil in 2010; in a cohort of 60 student teachers doing a year-long Practicum in urban school in São Paulo city. Data was analysed using qualitative research methods (Roth, 2005), based on 14 interviews and video records of the student teacher preparing the HoE for Practicum we will present in general lines the role of HoE for student teacher autonomy.

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This work aims to study about the importance of cinema for cultural and professional training of teachers of Natural Sciences and Mathematics. The educational potential of cinema is emphasizing by different authors, which also reveal the teachers' training gap in this issue (media). In this study, we defend the audiovisual language of cinema as an integrating element of Arts and Science for cultural and professional training of teachers. This subject has been developed by different authors, in which the emphasis has been the importance of intelligent dialogue with the world. Specifically, the training of science teachers and mathematics, by the approach of Cinema in its formation, It envisions the possibility of minimizing the dichotomy between humanistic and scientific training, already much discussed by some researchers. Educational products contribute to an effective experience and reflection on the cultural and educational role of the Seventh Art. Considering the Cinema as a possible "bridge" between the two cultures (scientific culture and humanistic culture) and promoting ownership of audiovisual language in teacher training It was accomplished the I Exhibition - Cultural Spring: Cinema and Science Education in UFRN. The production of the booklet "Topics of History, Language and Art of Cinema for Science and Mathematics Teachers," and its application in a short course in the XXI National Symposium on Physics Teaching also aimed to contribute to the approximation of Science and Art in training teachers.

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This study aimed to understand how the educational context contributes to the professional development of future teachers on introduction to teaching practice. To this end, we seek to characterize what the learning and the difficulties experienced in training contexts by future teachers, as well as the intrinsic elements to the training contexts that enable professional development. The investigated contexts were the Institutional Program Initiation Grant to Teaching (Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID), specifically the sub-projects of Chemistry and Physics of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN) and Masters in Teaching of Physics and Chemistry of the University of Lisbon (MEFQ ). In both contexts, the future teachers are in contact with the school in a systematic way. The methodology used in our study is rooted in qualitative research with interpretative guidance and the design in the study of multiple cases with instrumental purpose. Participated in this study as the main subject, 40 future teachers PIBID of Physics, 24 PIBID future teachers of Chemistry and 5 future Master Teachers in Teaching Chemistry and Physics. As supporting subjects, participated in 3 PIBID Area Coordinators, the teacher of Introduction to Professional Practice of MEFQ, and 8 teachers who teach chemistry and / or physics in public schools. Multiple data collection tools were used: naturalistic observation, descriptive questionnaire, individual interviews, focus groups, reading of written records and official documents. In analyzing the data, we used the method of questioning and constant comparison. The results showed that the main learning of future teachers are related to the strategy employed in class, the change in the understanding of the role of teacher and student in the classroom, the construction of the professional profile and the development of collaborative practices. The main difficulties were related to the development of activities, the management of time and group, the dynamics of the classroom and the material conditions of work. The characteristics inherent in training contexts investigated for professional development are: the practice itself of the research, the collaboration, the focused reflection on practice, focus on student learning and the improving public schools. From the results, it is evidenced that the training contexts centered at school have the capability to resize the practice based on the analysis of actions, in a collaborative work as well as create opportunities for awareness of the concepts, the acting and the way to understand the profession. It is needed for effective mediation trainers, so that future teachers undertake their own practice and, therefore, they can build teaching strategies that promote learning which, in addition to increase the quality of education, favor the professional development throughout life.

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The Course “Light and Life”, which is a product of the present research, is a mediator in helping Science Teachers on how to deal with the Physics classes in secondary school. The aim of the present study was to propose a course which can help Science Teachers with their difficulties in the teaching of Physics in the later years of secondary school, mainly about topics related to the theme Light. The elaboration of the product of this research involved structuring and applying a course of continued formation through the “Fun with Science and Art Museum-DICA, under the theme Light, to Science Teachers of the later years of secondary school, in order to promote an environment of dialogue and problem raising as means of disseminating and discussing the teaching of topics related to Light in the teaching of Sciences. The formation course presented a flexible structure in order to widen the relation between the researcher and the teachers participating in the course, aiming to give an answer to the formative needs of the teachers in relation to the theme proposed. In order to know and discuss the problems and challenges of the teaching of Physics in the Science classes, an approach of insertion and integration of concepts related to the theme Light was conducted, mainly on topics relating to the contents of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, according to the curriculum and the abilities of Sciences worked on in class, through the approach of concepts and practice which approximate the practical and theoretical reality of the formative needs of the teachers involved in this study. This work aimed to understand the relation of Science Teachers with the theme Light and comprehend the relation of the teachers with the present proposal of continued formation promoted by the Museum DICA. The methodological option of this research remained in the domains of qualitative research whose analysis was based on the content analysis. The data collection was carried out through questionnaires and group discussions recorded in audio, besides the participative observation of the researcher. As the research product, the structuring and application of a course of continued formation of Science Teachers of secondary school was proposed, under the thematic Light, and a later restructuring of the course under the same thematic based on the data collected after the application of the referred course, which will be later promoted by the Museum DICA.

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Os Estágios Curriculares Supervisionados (ECS) possuem grande relevância nos currículos dos cursos de Licenciatura, pois através da reflexao sobre a prática, surgem novas possibilidades, novas formas de pensar, encarar e agir sobre a prática docente. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever os desafios encontrados pelos acadêmicos de iniciaçao à docência do Curso de Educaçao Física Licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria durante o desenvolvimento do ECS nas instituiçoes de ensino do município de Santa Maria. A pesquisa qualitativa descritiva foi desenvolvida junto a treze acadêmicos que realizaram estágio, do 6o ao 9o ano do ensino fundamental, na rede pública de ensino do município de Santa Maria - RS, utilizando-se como instrumento um questionário semiestruturado. Pode-se constatar que a realizaçao do ECS possibilitou aos estagiários vivenciar uma considerada gama de problemas relacionados à participaçao do professor regente, à escola e a turma, influenciando o planejamento e organizaçao das atividades propostas. Além disso, permitiu o conhecimento da realidade escolar que poderá a vir encontrar, proporcionando uma reflexao sobre a prática pedagógica, planejamento e organizaçao além de vislumbrar possibilidades de uma melhor qualidade de ensino nas aulas de Educaçao Física

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Os Estágios Curriculares Supervisionados (ECS) possuem grande relevância nos currículos dos cursos de Licenciatura, pois através da reflexao sobre a prática, surgem novas possibilidades, novas formas de pensar, encarar e agir sobre a prática docente. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever os desafios encontrados pelos acadêmicos de iniciaçao à docência do Curso de Educaçao Física Licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria durante o desenvolvimento do ECS nas instituiçoes de ensino do município de Santa Maria. A pesquisa qualitativa descritiva foi desenvolvida junto a treze acadêmicos que realizaram estágio, do 6o ao 9o ano do ensino fundamental, na rede pública de ensino do município de Santa Maria - RS, utilizando-se como instrumento um questionário semiestruturado. Pode-se constatar que a realizaçao do ECS possibilitou aos estagiários vivenciar uma considerada gama de problemas relacionados à participaçao do professor regente, à escola e a turma, influenciando o planejamento e organizaçao das atividades propostas. Além disso, permitiu o conhecimento da realidade escolar que poderá a vir encontrar, proporcionando uma reflexao sobre a prática pedagógica, planejamento e organizaçao além de vislumbrar possibilidades de uma melhor qualidade de ensino nas aulas de Educaçao Física

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Os Estágios Curriculares Supervisionados (ECS) possuem grande relevância nos currículos dos cursos de Licenciatura, pois através da reflexao sobre a prática, surgem novas possibilidades, novas formas de pensar, encarar e agir sobre a prática docente. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever os desafios encontrados pelos acadêmicos de iniciaçao à docência do Curso de Educaçao Física Licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria durante o desenvolvimento do ECS nas instituiçoes de ensino do município de Santa Maria. A pesquisa qualitativa descritiva foi desenvolvida junto a treze acadêmicos que realizaram estágio, do 6o ao 9o ano do ensino fundamental, na rede pública de ensino do município de Santa Maria ? RS, utilizando-se como instrumento um questionário semiestruturado. Pode-se constatar que a realizaçao do ECS possibilitou aos estagiários vivenciar uma considerada gama de problemas relacionados à participaçao do professor regente, à escola e a turma, influenciando o planejamento e organizaçao das atividades propostas. Além disso, permitiu o conhecimento da realidade escolar que poderá a vir encontrar, proporcionando uma reflexao sobre a prática pedagógica, planejamento e organizaçao além de vislumbrar possibilidades de uma melhor qualidade de ensino nas aulas de Educaçao Física

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Física, Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física, 2015.