Analyzing Gene Centres with the Help of the Checklist Method – the Case of Syria

The present survey of species diversity of cultivated plants is the first for Syria. Some cultivated species will be added in the future, because due to the civil war in Syria, it was not possible to visit the country in the frame of the present work, as initially planned. Checklists proved to be a useful tool for overviewing the cultivated plants of selected areas and allow a characterization of the state of plant genetic resources of Syria. Syria has experienced several civilizations. Man settled in this productive land since ancient times and used its resources. However, such use has led to changes in vegetation and decline of wildlife through the country, in seashore areas, interior, mountains, and grassland. Plant domestication and growing started more than 10,000 years ago in West Asia. Since then, plentiful of economic plant species were present and used by man and his domesticated animals. Forming a part of the Fertile Crescent, where many of the world’s agricultural plants have evolved, Syria is extremely rich in agrobiodiversity. Wild progenitors of wheat and barley and wild relatives of many fruit trees such as almonds and pistachio as well as forage species are still found in marginal lands and less disturbed areas. These are threatened by a wide range of human activities, notably modern, extensive agriculture, overgrazing, overcutting and urban expansion. Syria is also considered as part of one of the main centres of origin, according to Vavilov, who had collected in Syria in 1926. The first expeditions to crop fields showed the exclusive nature of cultivated plants in Syria with a high number of endemic forms. Furthermore, Syria is a part of a biodiversity hotspot. Several studies have been performed to study agrobiodiversity in different parts of Syria, but usually on wild species. Many collections have been carried out; however, they focussed preferably on cereals and pulses, and particularly on wheat, like Vavilov’s expedition. Only 30 crops make up the major part of the conserved Syrian crop plant material in the genebank, indicating that most of the remaining 7,000 species of cultivated plants and many other valuable genetic resources species have only been included on a limited scale in the genebank collections. Although a small country (185,180 km2), Syria accommodates numerous ecosystems that allow for a large diversity of plant genetic resources for agriculture ranging from cold-requiring to subtropical crops to live and thrive. Only few references are available in this respect. The aim of the present study was to complete a checklist of Syria’s cultivated plants of agriculture and horticulture excluding plants only grown as ornamental or for forestry. Furthermore, plants taken for reforestation have not been included, if they do not have also agricultural or horticultural uses. Therefore, the inclusion of plants into the checklist follows the same principles as “Mansfeld’s Encyclopedia”. Main sources of information were published literature, floras of Syria, Lebanon and the Mediterranean, as well as Syrian printed sources in Arabic and/or English, reports from FAO on agricultural statistics in Syria, and data from ICARDA and Bioversity International. In addition, personal observations gathered during professional work in the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in Syria (since 1989) and participation in projects were taken into account. These were: (1) A project on “Conservation and Sustainable Use of Dry Land Agrobiodiversity in the Near East” with participation of Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the Palestinian Authority, focussing on landraces and wild relatives of barley, wheat, lentil, alliums, feed legumes, and fruit trees (1999–2005). (2) A project for vegetable landraces (1993–1995) in collaboration with the former International Plant Genetic Resources Institute and the UN Development Programme, in which 380 local vegetable accessions were evaluated. For medicinal plants and fruit trees I was in personal contact with departments of GCSAR and the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, as well as with private organizations. The resulting checklist was compared with the catalogues of crop plants of Italy and a checklist of cultivated plants of Iraq. The cultivated plant species are presented in alphabetical order according to their accepted scientific names. Each entry consists of a nomenclatural part, folk names, details of plant uses, the distribution in Syria (by provinces), a textual description, and references to literature. In total, 262 species belonging to 146 genera and 57 families were identified. Within-species (intraspecific) diversity is a significant measure of the biodiversity. Intraspecific diversity for wild plants has been and remains to be well studied, but for crop plants there are only few results. Mansfeld’s method is an actual logical contribution to such studies. Among the families, the following have the highest number of crop species: Leguminosae (34 spp.), Rosaceae (24), Gramineae (18), Labiatae (18), Compositae (14), Cruciferae (14), Cucurbitaceae (11), Rutaceae (10), Malvaceae (9), Alliaceae (7), and Anacardiaceae (7). The establishment of an effective programme for the maintenance of plant genetic resources in Syria started in the mid-1970s. This programme considered ex situ and in situ collection of the genetic resources of various field crops, fruit trees and vegetables. From a plant genetic resources viewpoint, it is clear that the homegarden is an important location for the cultivation of so-called neglected and underutilized species (neglected from a research side and underutilized from a larger economic side). Such species have so far not received much care from ecologists, botanists and agronomists, and they are considerably under-represented in genebanks.

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE ADDITION OF BEVACIZUMAB TO STANDARD CHEMOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-08

A Valuation Analysis of the Physical Oceanographic Real Time System (PORTS)

This analysis estimates several economic benefits derived from national implementation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS®) at the 175 largest ports in the United States. Significant benefits were observed owing to: (1) lower commercial marine accident rates and resultant reductions in morbidity, mortality and property damage; (2) reduced pollution remediation costs; and, (3) increased productivity associated with operation of more fully loaded commercial vessels. Evidence also suggested additional benefits from heightened commercial and recreational fish catch and diminished recreational boating accidents. Annual gross benefits from 58 current PORTS® locations exceeded $217 million with an addition $83 million possible if installed at the largest remaining 117 ports in the United States. Over the ten-year economic life of PORTS® instruments, the present value for installation at all 175 ports could approach $2.5 billion.

Évaluation de l’effet de "Streptococcus mutans" sur la qualité du fini de surface de matériaux dentaires de restauration

Objectif : Évaluer l’impact de l’exposition d’un biofilm de Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) pendant une période de 28 jours sur la rugosité de surface de matériaux de restauration dentaire. Matériel et méthode : Les matériaux testés étaient : six résines composites (fluide, bulk-fill fluide, microparticules, nanoparticules, microhybride et nanohybride), un verre ionomère conventionnel, un verre ionomère modifié à la résine, de l’amalgame, du disilicate de lithium et de la porcelaine feldspathique renforcie de cristaux de nanoleucite. Cent soixante-dix-sept disques de 5 mm de diamètre par 2 mm d’épaisseur ont été fabriqués et polis selon une méthode standardisée. Des répliques ont été fabriquées puis réservées pour les mesures de rugosité. Les échantillons ont été stérilisés puis placés dans un milieu de culture pendant 28 jours, avec S. mutans pour les groupes tests et sans S. mutans pour leurs contrôles. Le milieu de culture a été renouvelé toutes les 48 heures. De nouvelles répliques des échantillons ont été fabriquées. Finalement, la rugosité de la surface avant et après l’exposition au biofilm a été évaluée sur les répliques à l’aide d’un profilomètre. Les analyses statistiques ont été effectuées à l’aide d’un modèle d’analyse de variance à deux facteurs. Résultats : Aucune différence statistiquement significative n’a été notée entre la rugosité initiale et finale des groupes tests et des groupes contrôles (p < 0,05). Conclusion : Dans les limites de cette étude in vitro, l’exposition à un biofilm de S. mutans pendant 28 jours n’a pas démontré avoir d’impact sur la rugosité des matériaux testés.

Réactions du chef de PME après utilisation d'un système d'évaluation multi-source

Résumé : Dans une ère de concurrence économique accrue, les organisations éprouvent de plus en plus le besoin de mesurer le rendement de leurs employés, y compris celui de leurs dirigeants. À cette fin, l'évaluation demeure un outil de gestion privilégié. Au nombre des systèmes d'évaluation existants, le feed-back multi-source (FMS) — ou feed-back 360°— est en progression. Malheureusement, on ne connaît pas encore très bien l'incidence de ce type de système, la littérature étant plutôt muette sur ce qu'il donne concrètement et, particulièrement, sur la réaction des évalués subséquemment à l'obtention de leur rapport d'évaluation. Il ressort néanmoins de certaines études que les dirigeants, et surtout, les chefs se sentent laissés à eux-mêmes quant à l'évaluation de leurs compétences. Il y a quelques années, à la demande du Groupement des chefs d'entreprise du Québec (GCEQ), un instrument de type multi-source a été conçu par le Laboratoire de recherche sur la performance des entreprises (LaRePe), afin de mesurer spécifiquement la performance des chefs d'entreprise comme leader. À ce stade-ci, les promoteurs désirent mieux comprendre l'incidence de l'utilisation de leur outil : le PDG-Leadership. Pour combler les lacunes de la littérature, et aussi pour répondre au besoin du GCEQ, la présente thèse porte sur la réaction des chefs à la suite de la réception de leur rapport d'évaluation. L'objet de la recherche est double : il s'agit d'examiner les variables qui influencent le fait que les évalués entreprennent des actions à la suite de leur feed-back (considération théorique) et, d'autre part, de connaître davantage ces actions entreprises bref, ce que le système de feed-back multi-source XFMS) donne vraiment (considération pratique). Afin de mener à bien la recherche, une résidence a été réalisée. Elle a fourni le contexte pour élaborer un questionnaire d'enquête s'appliquant particulièrement aux chefs d'entreprise. L'enquête a permis de rejoindre 351 dirigeants ayant été évalués au moins une fois par l'entremise du PDG-Leadership. De ce nombre, 87 répondants, membres du Groupement se sont manifestés. Le cadre conceptuel utilisé consiste en une adaptation du modèle proposé par Smither, London et Reilly (2005a). comporte sept variables, desquelles ont été tirées cinq hypothèses de recherche. Quatre hypothèses ont été rejetées alors qu'une autre ne s'est avérée supportée que pour le groupe constitué des femmes faisant partie de l'échantillon. De plus, il est intéressant de constater que ce n'est pas le feed-back (rapport) qui déclenche l'acceptation puis les actions, mais une attitude personnelle représentée par la possibilité d'un changement perçue (V4). Chez les chefs, il ne se produit donc pas de réaction en chaîne comme le suppose le modèle théorique utilisé. Il semble que ce soit plutôt la possibilité de changement perçu qui est à la base du fait d'entreprendre des actions, laquelle s'apparente au sentiment d'auto-efficacité défini par Bandura (2007). Les données recueillies auront aussi servies à générer de nouvelles connaissances et à faire ressortir une liste de 112 actions que les chefs disent avoir engagées à la suite de l'obtention de leur rapport d'évaluation. Cette liste a permis de faire une catégorisation des actions posées. Les actions qu'ils entreprennent sont toutefois davantage dirigées vers l'amélioration de l'organisation que vers leur propre amélioration. Il s'agit là, d'une des contributions de la présente thèse.||Abstract : In a context of intense economic competition, organizations are increasingly using instruments of performance evaluation. The multi-source feedback or 360 [degrees] is one of those. The literature seems still silent on what type of evaluation is really about the reaction it generates among evaluated. In response to a request from the Groupement des chefs d'entreprise du Québec (GCEQ), a System of multi-source assessment was designed by the Laboratoire de recherche sur la performance des entreprises (LaRePe). The PDG-Leadership, specifically used to measure the skills of managers of SMLs as a leader. After some years of use, developers want to better understand its impact in order to improve it and make it even better. To address these theoretical and practical considérations, a survey was conducted among 87 business leaders from Quebec who had already been assessed using this tool. This research bas the purpose, the validation of a preliminary model proposed by Smither, London, and Reilly, 2005a, to examine the variables that influence that evaluated undertake actions as a result of their feedback and the other, to know these actions, in short, that the System of feed-back multi-source (FMS) really. From the analysis of data collected, a list of 112 shares was established. In turn, this led to a categorization of actions taken. Although the FMS system is effective, it should be noted that entrepreneurs seem to react differently from other catégories assessed.

Évaluation d’une nouvelle méthode de calcul des assemblages en bois à l’aide de connecteurs de petits diamètres

Les charpentes en bois doivent inévitablement inclure des assemblages pouvant transférer les charges entre les éléments de façon adéquate pour assurer l’intégrité de la structure. Les assemblages sont une partie critique des structures en bois puisque dans la plupart des cas, ce sont ceux-ci qui permettent de dissiper l’énergie et d’obtenir un mode de rupture ductile sous les charges sismiques. Ce mode de rupture est préférable, puisqu’il donne lieu à une grande déformation avant effondrement, permettant ainsi une évacuation des occupants en toute sécurité lors de tremblement de terre. Les assemblages à petits diamètres tels que les clous, les rivets et les vis sont fréquemment utilisés dans les constructions en bois et on suppose qu’ils amènent une rupture ductile bien qu’il soit impossible pour les concepteurs de prédire exactement le mode de rupture à l’aide de la méthode de calcul actuelle. De plus, les rivets ont une application très limitée dû au fait que la méthode de calcul utilisée actuellement s’applique à des configurations, essences et types de produits de bois très spécifiques. L’objectif de ce projet est d’évaluer une nouvelle méthode de calcul proposée par des chercheurs de Nouvelle-Zélande, Zarnani et Quenneville, pour les assemblages à rivets, mais adaptable pour les assemblages de bois à attaches de petits diamètres. Elle permet au concepteur de déterminer avec précision le mode de rupture des assemblages de différentes configurations avec différents produits de bois. Plus de 70 essais sur les assemblages à rivets et à clous résistants à des charges variant de 40kN à 800kN ont été effectués dans le cadre de ce projet de recherche afin de valider l’utilisation de cette méthode avec le produit du bois lamellé-collé canadien Nordic Lam et la comparer avec celle présentement utilisée au Canada. Les modes de rupture ductile, fragile et mixte ont été prévus avec l’emphase sur le mode fragile puisque c’est celui-ci qui est le plus variable et le moins étudié. Les assemblages en bois lamellé-collé Nordic Lam étaient cloués ou rivetés selon différentes configurations variant de 18 à 128 clous ou rivets. Les résultats démontrent une bonne prédiction de la résistance et des modes de rupture des assemblages à clous et à rivets. Pour quelques configurations des assemblages à rivets, les prédictions de la nouvelle méthode sont plus élevées qu’avec la méthode actuelle. Les assemblages à clous ont démontré des ruptures de la tige de clous au niveau du plan de cisaillement lors de tous les essais effectués, ce qui ne correspond pas à un mode ductile ou fragile prévue par la méthode de calcul.

Évaluation objective de la séquence de récupération des fibres sensitives de la troisième division du nerf trijumeau suite à une ostéotomie sagittale mandibulaire bilatérale (OSMB)

Le projet de recherche est une étude prospective consistant à déterminer la séquence de récupération des fibres sensitives de la troisième division du nerf trijumeau (V3) suite à une ostéotomie sagittale mandibulaire bilatérale (OSMB). Dix-neuf sujets ont été recrutés entre les mois de mars et septembre 2008. Tous ont eu une chirurgie orthognathique d’OSMB afin de corriger une malocclusion. La sensibilité dans le territoire cutané innervé par V3 de chacun des sujets a été évaluée en pré-opératoire de même qu’à cinq autres reprises en post-opératoire (2, 4, 20, 36 et 52 semaines). Deux méthodes d’évaluation objectives de la récupération nerveuse sensitive ont été utilisées. La première consistait à utiliser un appareil nommé Neurometer afin de déterminer l’intensité minimale de courant électrique (Current Perception Threshold [CPT]) pouvant être ressentie spécifiquement par chacun des trois types de fibres nerveuses sensitives (A-Bêta, A-Delta et C) dans le territoire cutané de V3. La deuxième méthode consistait à utiliser les monofilaments de Semmes-Weinstein afin de déterminer le seuil minimal de pression (Von Frey) pouvant être ressenti dans le même territoire cutané. De plus, lors de chacun des rendez-vous post-opératoires, il a été demandé à chaque sujet de quantifier subjectivement sa sensibilité à l’aide d’une échelle visuelle analogue. Cela a permis de corréler les valeurs de CPT, les seuils de perception de la pression et l’évaluation subjective que le patient a de sa propre sensibilité. Il a été démontré que la séquence de récupération des fibres sensitives de V3 suite à une OSMB est la suivante : les fibres A-Delta récupèrent en premier, suivies des fibres C puis des fibres A-Bêta.

Analysis on the connotation of probability in the artificial intelligence algorithm for economic decision making.

This paper analyzes the inner relations between classical sub-scheme probability and statistic probability, subjective probability and objective probability, prior probability and posterior probability, transition probability and probability of utility, and further analysis the goal, method, and its practical economic purpose which represent by these various probability from the perspective of mathematics, so as to deeply understand there connotation and its relation with economic decision making, thus will pave the route for scientific predication and decision making.

Exergetic, energetic, economic and environmental evaluation of concentrated solar power plants in Libya

The PhD project addresses the potential of using concentrating solar power (CSP) plants as a viable alternative energy producing system in Libya. Exergetic, energetic, economic and environmental analyses are carried out for a particular type of CSP plants. The study, although it aims a particular type of CSP plant – 50 MW parabolic trough-CSP plant, it is sufficiently general to be applied to other configurations. The novelty of the study, in addition to modeling and analyzing the selected configuration, lies in the use of a state-of-the-art exergetic analysis combined with the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The modeling and simulation of the plant is carried out in chapter three and they are conducted into two parts, namely: power cycle and solar field. The computer model developed for the analysis of the plant is based on algebraic equations describing the power cycle and the solar field. The model was solved using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software; and is designed to define the properties at each state point of the plant and then, sequentially, to determine energy, efficiency and irreversibility for each component. The developed model has the potential of using in the preliminary design of CSPs and, in particular, for the configuration of the solar field based on existing commercial plants. Moreover, it has the ability of analyzing the energetic, economic and environmental feasibility of using CSPs in different regions of the world, which is illustrated for the Libyan region in this study. The overall feasibility scenario is completed through an hourly analysis on an annual basis in chapter Four. This analysis allows the comparison of different systems and, eventually, a particular selection, and it includes both the economic and energetic components using the “greenius” software. The analysis also examined the impact of project financing and incentives on the cost of energy. The main technological finding of this analysis is higher performance and lower levelized cost of electricity (LCE) for Libya as compared to Southern Europe (Spain). Therefore, Libya has the potential of becoming attractive for the establishment of CSPs in its territory and, in this way, to facilitate the target of several European initiatives that aim to import electricity generated by renewable sources from North African and Middle East countries. The analysis is presented a brief review of the current cost of energy and the potential of reducing the cost from parabolic trough- CSP plant. Exergetic and environmental life cycle assessment analyses are conducted for the selected plant in chapter Five; the objectives are 1) to assess the environmental impact and cost, in terms of exergy of the life cycle of the plant; 2) to find out the points of weakness in terms of irreversibility of the process; and 3) to verify whether solar power plants can reduce environmental impact and the cost of electricity generation by comparing them with fossil fuel plants, in particular, Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) plant and oil thermal power plant. The analysis also targets a thermoeconomic analysis using the specific exergy costing (SPECO) method to evaluate the level of the cost caused by exergy destruction. The main technological findings are that the most important contribution impact lies with the solar field, which reports a value of 79%; and the materials with the vi highest impact are: steel (47%), molten salt (25%) and synthetic oil (21%). The “Human Health” damage category presents the highest impact (69%) followed by the “Resource” damage category (24%). In addition, the highest exergy demand is linked to the steel (47%); and there is a considerable exergetic demand related to the molten salt and synthetic oil with values of 25% and 19%, respectively. Finally, in the comparison with fossil fuel power plants (NGCC and Oil), the CSP plant presents the lowest environmental impact, while the worst environmental performance is reported to the oil power plant followed by NGCC plant. The solar field presents the largest value of cost rate, where the boiler is a component with the highest cost rate among the power cycle components. The thermal storage allows the CSP plants to overcome solar irradiation transients, to respond to electricity demand independent of weather conditions, and to extend electricity production beyond the availability of daylight. Numerical analysis of the thermal transient response of a thermocline storage tank is carried out for the charging phase. The system of equations describing the numerical model is solved by using time-implicit and space-backward finite differences and which encoded within the Matlab environment. The analysis presented the following findings: the predictions agree well with the experiments for the time evolution of the thermocline region, particularly for the regions away from the top-inlet. The deviations observed in the near-region of the inlet are most likely due to the high-level of turbulence in this region due to the localized level of mixing resulting; a simple analytical model to take into consideration this increased turbulence level was developed and it leads to some improvement of the predictions; this approach requires practically no additional computational effort and it relates the effective thermal diffusivity to the mean effective velocity of the fluid at each particular height of the system. Altogether the study indicates that the selected parabolic trough-CSP plant has the edge over alternative competing technologies for locations where DNI is high and where land usage is not an issue, such as the shoreline of Libya.

Measuring attachment to life in old age: the Portuguese version of the Positive Valuation of Life Scale (Positive VOL)

Purpose This study aims to present the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Positive Valuation of Life Scale (Lawton et al. in J Aging Ment Healt 13:3–31, 2001). Method Sample included 207 community-dwelling elders (129 women; MAge = 77.2 years, SD = 7.5). The data collection included the translated and adapted Portuguese version of Positive Valuation of Life Scale, Life Satisfac- tion Index Z, Meaning in Life Questionnaire and Geriatric Depression Scale. Results From exploratory factor analysis, two factors emerged, existential beliefs and perceived control, ex- plaining 49 % of the total variance. Both factors were positively related with meaning in life and life satisfaction and negatively related with depression (p\0.05). The values obtained for internal consistency for the total scale and for each subscale were good (a [ 0.75). Conclusion The Portuguese version of Positive VOL Scale represents a reliable and valid measure to capture the subjective experience of attachment to one’s life. The two-factor structure is an update to Lawton’s previous work and in line with findings obtained in the USA (Dennis et al. in What is valuation of life for frail community-dwelling older adults: factor structure and criterion validity of the VOL, Thomas Jefferson University, Center for Applied Research on Aging and Health Research, 2005) and Japan (Nakagawa et al. in Shinrigaku Kenkyu 84:37–46, 2013). Future research is required to investigate VOL predictors and the potential changes toward the end of the life span.

Development and evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for diagnosis of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV)

Aquaculture has been expanded rapidly to become a major commercial and food-producing sector worldwide in recent decade. In parallel, viral diseases rapidly spread among farms causing enormous economic losses. The accurate detection of pathogens at early stages of infection is a key point for disease control in aquaculture. Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus (SVCV) is a very severe pathogen of carp fishes in different parts of the world and is categorized as a reportable listed disease in the annual published list of World Organization for animal Health (OIE). The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate RT- PCR test for detecting SVC virus and also the sensitivity and specificity of this test. A semi nested RT- PCR was designed using combination of three primers: two external (SVCF , SVCR) and one internal (SVCS) primers which based on conserved region of G gen. The specificity of designed primers (only external ones) by examination on Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) and Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) was confirmed. For optimizing of the PCR test, primer concentration, primer annealing temperature, cycle number and Mgcl2 concentration were surveyed. Also for validity test, prevention of false negative and Assurance of its accuracy, a competitive internal control (mimic) designed and its suitable concentration was defined. Evaluation of the sensitivity of designed test were conducted first by comparing the different commercially available RNA isolation guidelines, two guidelines: isotiocyanate phenol–chloroform based protocols (RNX–Plus Iran, Iq2000 kit Taiwan ) and two column based protocols (Cinna pure RNA Iran , high pure viral RNA kit, Roche Germany ). The results indicated that the column based protocols (Roche method and Cinna pure), yield 36.77 ng/μl and 16/47 ng/μl RNA concentration respectively, which were significantly higher than other protocols(P<0.05). Then for evaluation of extracted RNA sensitivity, Serial dilution of SVCV strain 56.70 grown in EPC (1.9×105 TCID50/ml) was examined To compare sensitivity. Extracted RNA from serial dilution with stone's primers and commercial IQ-2000 kit were examined simultaneously. The result indicated that designed semi- nested RT- PCR was able to recognize SVC virus to 10-4 dilution and stone's primer recognize to 10-3 dilution whereas Iq-2000 commercial kit did not recognized in any dilution. In high virus titer in designed test two DNA band (462 bp and 266 bp) produced, and by decreasing virus titer 462 bp was omitted. In low virus titer or lack of virus, just DNA band (mimic) 729 bp can propagate. After designing and optimizing PCR test, a total of 400 suspected cultured Cyprinus carpio with high mortality from 4 aquaculture zone of Khuzestan province were collected and tested for SVCV during 2012- 2013 using developed PCR method and IQ- 2000. The results indicated that SVC virus was not observed in samples using both methods.

Évaluation d’un programme de formation en matière d’agression sexuelle envers les enfants pour les communautés autochtones du Québec

L’agression sexuelle (AS) envers les enfants est une problématique majeure affectant les communautés autochtones. Considérant les conséquences à long terme associées à l’AS, il est primordial que les intervenants soient formés adéquatement pour intervenir en cas d’AS puisque que cette problématique compromet le bien-être des enfants, de leur famille et de leur communauté. Le Centre d’expertise Marie-Vincent, en partenariat avec les communautés autochtones, a mis sur pied une formation en matière d’AS spécifiquement adaptée aux besoins des intervenants. De 2013 à 2015, 161 professionnels œuvrant dans les communautés autochtones ont participé à cette formation. Deux phases de collecte de données distinctes ont été menées pour vérifier l’atteinte des objectifs du programme, soit l’amélioration des connaissances et des interventions en matière d’AS des participants. Lors de la première phase, les participants ont répondu à un questionnaire de réactions et à un test de connaissances. Une étude de cas multiples qualitative comportant quatre communautés a été réalisée lors de la deuxième phase. En plus d’un taux d’appréciation élevé, les résultats révèlent une augmentation significative des connaissances, passant de 54 % à 87 % (t(125) = 16,4, p < 0,001, ηp2 = 0,68). L’analyse des entrevues fait état d’une appropriation des contenus de formation dans la pratique professionnelle des participants. Ces derniers affirment avoir modifié la façon dont ils questionnent les enfants et être plus attentifs aux signes et symptômes d’une AS. Des changements sur le plan des attitudes, notamment sur l’importance du signalement, sont également rapportés. Finalement, la formation est considérée comme l’un des éléments déclencheurs d’une meilleure collaboration intersectorielle dans au moins une communauté.

Study the methods of connecting jacket to the seabed and choosing the best method for Persian Gulf according to soil characteristics

Offshore structures with numerous applications in different environments throughout the world and used at different depths. Due to the expansion of marine industries, including offshore oil industry in Iran , particularly in the Persian Gulf region, in order to more accurately model these structures and to prevent incidents such as the Overturning of the platform serious damage to the South Pars Phase ١٣ was platforms, the use New Technic is essential technologies. One of the methods that are used in the construction of offshore wind turbines, using a pre-pile. In this method, a template is constructed with the dimensions specified in the workshop. After making templates using special vessels for placement in the desired location on the sea bed is carried, then the template is placed on the sea bed, Then, using a hammer for Pile Driving Operation Started Vibration hammer and fit the template of 3 or 4 piles of crushed within this template on the seabed . The next step piling, templates have been removed from the site And Jacket placed on piles. The system was installed on the deck on piles and Consequently Deck Load pile inserted on .It should be noted that the design of these types of platforms, base diameter of the pile diameter independent of the choice as one of the major advantages of this system is. This thesis examines a Template Fixed Platform in the oil Soroush Using the Pre-Piling and the Common Piling systems in the Persian Gulf were studied and the effect of different design compared to the Pre-Piling Platforms Persian Gulf were evaluated. The results suggest that Pre-Piling system compared with conventional systems piling in the Persian Gulf, as a more appropriate model structure and behavior Top Model economic efficiency is selected. It should be noted that all calculations and analyzes were performed using Software Abaqus.

Economic growth and public and private investment returns

We study the macroeconomic effects of public and private investment in 17 OECD economies through a VAR analysis with annual data from 1960 to 2014. From impulse response functions we find that public investment had a positive growth effect in most countries, and a contractionary effect in Finland, UK, Sweden, Japan, and Canada. Public investment led to private investment crowding out in Belgium, Ireland, Finland, Canada, Sweden, the UK and crowding-in effects in the rest of the countries. Private investment has a positive growth effect in all countries; crowds-out (crowds-in) public investment in Belgium and Sweden (in the rest of the countries). The partial rates of return of public and private investment are mostly positive.