Condition of the State of Iowa, 2008 (82nd General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Culver delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 2009 (83rd General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Culver delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 2010 (83rd General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Culver delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 2011 (84th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Culver delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1933 (45th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Herring delivered at the State Capitol.

Condition of the State of Iowa, 1944 (50th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Condition of the State of Iowa speech by Governor Hickenlooper delivered at the State Capitol.

Governor's Inaugural Address, 1923 (40th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Governor's Inaugural Address by Governor Kendell.

Governor's Inaugural Address, 1927 (42nd General Assembly)

A transcript of the Governor's Inaugural Address by Governor Hammill.

Governor's Inaugural Address, 1929 (43rd General Assembly)

A transcript of the Governor's Inaugural Address by Governor Hammill.

Governor's Inaugural Address, 1931 (44th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Governor's Inaugural Address by Governor Turner.

Governor's Inaugural Address, 1933 (45th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Governor's Inaugural Address by Governor Herring.

Governor's Inaugural Address, 1935 (46th General Assembly)

A transcript of the Governor's Inaugural Address by Governor Herring.

Critical values of nitrogen indices in tomato plants grown in soil and nutrient solution determined by different statistical procedures

The objective of this study was to establish critical values of the N indices, namely soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), petiole sap N-NO3 and organic N in the tomato leaf adjacent to the first cluster (LAC), under soil and nutrient solution conditions, determined by different statistical approaches. Two experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design with four repli-cations. Tomato plants were grown in soil, in 3 L pot, with five N rates (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg kg-1) and in solution at N rates of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 mmol L-1. Experiments in nutrient solution and soil were finished at thirty seven and forty two days after transplanting, respectively. At those times, SPAD index and petiole sap N-NO3 were evaluated in the LAC. Then, plants were harvested, separated in leaves and stem, dried at 70ºC, ground and weighted. The organic N was determined in LAC dry matter. Three statistical procedures were used to calculate critical N values. There were accentuated discrepancies for critical values of N indices obtained with plants grown in soil and nutrient solution as well as for different statistical procedures. Critical values of nitrogen indices at all situations are presented.

Agreed-upon procedures report on the City of Bertram, Iowa for the period August 1, 2013 through July 31, 2014

Agreed-upon procedures report on the City of Bertram, Iowa for the period August 1, 2013 through July 31, 2014

Surface assembly of poly(I:C) on PEGylated microspheres to shield from adverse interactions with fibroblasts.

By expressing an array of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), fibroblasts play an important role in stimulating and modulating the response of the innate immune system. The TLR3 ligand polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid, poly(I:C), a mimic of viral dsRNA, is a vaccine adjuvant candidate to activate professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). However, owing to its ligation with extracellular TLR3 on fibroblasts, subcutaneously administered poly(I:C) bears danger towards autoimmunity. It is thus in the interest of its clinical safety to deliver poly(I:C) in such a way that its activation of professional APCs is as efficacious as possible, whereas its interference with non-immune cells such as fibroblasts is controlled or even avoided. Complementary to our previous work with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), here we sought to control the delivery of poly(I:C) surface-assembled on microspheres to human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs). Negatively charged polystyrene (PS) microspheres were equipped with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) corona through electrostatically driven coatings with a series of polycationic poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers, PLL-g-PEG, of varying grafting ratios g from 2.2 up to 22.7. Stable surface assembly of poly(I:C) was achieved by incubation of polymer-coated microspheres with aqueous poly(I:C) solutions. Notably, recognition of both surface-assembled and free poly(I:C) by extracellular TLR3 on HFFs halted their phagocytic activity. Ligation of surface-assembled poly(I:C) with extracellular TLR3 on HFFs could be controlled by tuning the grafting ratio g and thus the chain density of the PEG corona. When assembled on PLL-5.7-PEG-coated microspheres, poly(I:C) was blocked from triggering class I MHC molecule expression on HFFs. Secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 by HFFs after exposure to surface-assembled poly(I:C) was distinctly lower as compared to free poly(I:C). Overall, surface assembly of poly(I:C) may have potential to contribute to the clinical safety of this vaccine adjuvant candidate.