Monitoramento da qualidade higiênico-sanitária no processamento do ''leite'' de soja na UNISOJA, Araraquara, SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comportamento social de botos-cinza, sotalia guianensis, na praia de Pipa, RN, Brasil: dinâmica, sequência, sincronia e respostas ao turismo de observação

Social behavior of Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, at Pipa Beach, RN, Brazil: dynamics, sequence, breathing synchrony, and responses to dolphin watching. Social animals form groups that can range from temporary to permanent. Depending on the nature of the social relationships developed between individuals, groups present a particular social organization and the effect of these interactions shapes the activity patterns of these animals. This study investigates: (i) fission-fusion dynamics of Guiana dolphins, through the analysis of three dimensions of the social system (variation in spatial cohesion, variation in size and composition of groups), (ii) sequence, routine and behavioral stability, (iii) breathing intervals in synchronized groups and (iv) behavioral responses of the animals to dolphin watching. Systematic observations of Guiana dolphins were made from a platform located in cliffs about 25 m above sea level that surround Madeiro Bay, Pipa Beach. Sampling occurred from December 2007 to February 2009 between 0600 h and 1600 h, and the groups of Guiana dolphins were investigated according to their size (alone and group) and composition (adults, adults and juveniles, and adults and calves). According to the analysis of fission-fusion dynamics, Guiana dolphin groups frequently changed their composition, modifying their patterns of spatial grouping and cohesion every 20 minutes on average. More than 50% of the individuals maintained a distance of up to 2 m from other group members and new individuals were attracted to the group, especially during feeding, leaving it for foraging. Large groups were more unstable than small, while groups containing only adults were more stable than groups of adults and juveniles. According to the Z-score analysis to investigate the sequence and behavioral routine, lone individuals were more ! .7! ! involved in foraging and feeding, while resting was more common in groups. Foraging and feeding were more common in homogeneous groups (individuals of the same age class), while heterogeneous groups (different age classes) were often involved in socialization, displaying a broader behavioral repertoire. Foraging and resting behavior presented higher stability (continuous duration in minutes) than the other behaviors. The analysis of breathing intervals in synchronized groups showed significant differences depending on type of behavior, composition and area preference. During resting, breathing intervals were of longer duration, and groups with calves showed shorter breathing intervals than groups without calves. Lone individuals also preferred areas called corral , often used for the entrapment of fishes. The Markov chain analysis revealed behavioral changes in the presence of boats, according to the type of group composition. Groups composed of adults presented decreased resting and increased in traveling during the presence of boats. Groups of adults and juveniles showed a massive reduction of socialization, while the behavior transition probability traveling-traveling was higher in groups of adults and calves. In the presence of the boats, stability of resting was reduced by one third of its original duration and traveling more than doubled. The behavioral patterns analyzed are discussed in light of socio-ecological models concerning costs and benefits of proximity between individuals and behavioral optimization. Furthermore, significant changes in behavioral patterns indicate that Guiana dolphins, at Pipa Beach, have suffered the effects of tourism as a result of violation of rules of conduct established for the study area

Atividade de morcegos insetívoros (mammalia, chiroptera) no pampa brasileiro: uso de hábitat e sazonalidade

Bats correspond to 20% of the extant mammal species and, with a few exceptions, use echolocation, a spacial orientation system based on emission and analysis of echoes from sound waves, generally ultrasounds. Echolocation was discovered in the 1940 s and since the 1970 s ultrasound detectors have been commercially available, allowing the investigation of several aspects of the natural history and ecology of bats. Passive acoustic monitoring has been frequently used in habitat use studies, predominantly in North America and Europe, by comparing the number of bat passes between different habitat types. This dissertation presents the first evaluation of the spacial and seasonal variation patterns in the activity of insectivorous bats in the Brazilian biome Pampa, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Since bat activity can vary according to habitat type, time of year and climatic conditions, the following hypotheses were tested: 1. bat activity varies between different types of habitat; 2. bat activity varies seasonally; 3. bat activity is influenced by temperature, humidity and wind speed. The acoustic samples were taken along fixed transects of 1500 meters, which were monitored monthly from April 2009 to March 2010. Five habitat types were sampled: eucalypts, stream, riparian forest, wetland and grassland. In each sample, the number of bat passes was obtained by using an ultrasound detector Pettersson D230. A total of 1183 bat passes were registered. Greater bat activity levels was observed along large eucalypts (1.93 bat passes/3min) and along a stream (1.61 bat passes/3 min). A riparian forest (0.94 bat passes/3 min) and a wetland area (0.61 bat passes/3 min) exhibited statistically equal levels of activity. Bat passes were fewer in grassland areas (0,16 bat passes/3 min). Bat activity was not correlated with abiotic factors. However, bat activity was significantly low in the colder season, winter, and was similar in autumn, spring and summer. The observed preference for vegetation borders and water courses agrees with reports from other countries and is attributed predominantly to the high prey abundance in these types of environments. Additionally, low activity in the winter is probably a response to the reduced availability of insects, and to lower temperatures. Our results indicate which areas of arboreal vegetation and water courses should be priorities for the conservation of bats and that alterations of these habitat types might negatively influence bat activity in the region

Resíduos orgânicos como recondicionante de subsolo degradado e efeitos na atividade microbiana e fertilidade em cultivo de barbatimão

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da irrigação sobre o potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja em semeadura de inverno

Período seco e temperaturas amenas são condições climáticas ideais durante a maturação e colheita de sementes de soja. O objetivo foi verificar o efeito da irrigação no período pós-maturidade fisiológica, sobre o potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja semeadas no inverno. A disposição dos tratamentos seguiu esquema fatorial envolvendo três cultivares (IAC-19, Conquista e IAC 8-2) e duas épocas de interrupção da irrigação (início do estádio R7 e irrigação até 14 dias após R8). Foram feitas amostragens (colheitas) no início do estádio R7, 3, 7, 10, 14 (estádio R8) e 28 dias após o início do estádio R7. Para as avaliações utilizaram-se os testes de germinação, de envelhecimento acelerado e de condutividade elétrica e determinou-se a porcentagem de sementes manchadas e defeituosas. Nas condições em que foi realizado o experimento, concluiu-se que a irrigação após o estádio R7 não compromete e pode até melhorar o potencial fisiológico das sementes produzidas; a produção de sementes de soja em semeadura de inverno é possível em função de condições climáticas favoráveis.

Vinculando a etnoictiologia às evidências biológicas para explicar o declínio da riqueza da ictiofauna neotropical

The diversity of fish species from South America has been affected by various anthropogenic practices. Some studies have reported the influence that illegal transferring or introduction of exotic species have on the trophic webs of continental lakes. The loss of diversity on fish populations and consequent impacts on fishery are commonly evidenced in these cases. The Brazilian Northeast has ponds for which exotic Amazonian species were transferred as Extremoz Lake. These environments serve as study models for comparison and investigation about the possible impacts of these introductions. We tested the hypothesis that loss of species that this trend can be related with the insertion of the genus Cichla, commonly documented as top predator in its endemic environment. Possible structural causes that interfere in other processes such as migration were also investigated. Thus, the local ecological knowledge of fishermen and a current ecotrophic model were used. We took samples of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fishes during two annual cycles. Concurrently, we made interviews with the fishing community. In fact, there are relations between the loss of fish and the insertion of peacock bass in Extremoz Lake. However, Cichla kelberi was not indicated as primary factor to explain fish species decline. The construction of bridges located in the Rio Doce was main factor for respondents and what explains loss of species. The migration of saltwater fish and / or from the river to Extremoz Lake is hindered by the unsuitability of the crossing-streams that are under these structures. According to the ecotrophic model Hoplias malabaricus was considered key-species and Cichla kelberi top predator. This last trend was similarly noticed in the stomach and local ecological knowledge of fishermen analysis. Overfishing simulations to Cichla kelberi resulted that only raising its captures in 200%, other native species would increase their biomass values only 15 to 30% (in 6 years).The negative effects of the alien species introduction without prior studies and lack of investments in appropriating these constructions to the needs of the fish fauna structures seem to act simultaneously. Both are causing the decline of fish species richness and consequent local artisanal fishery collapse

Caracterização sonográfica e sismoestratigráfica de alta resolução do estuário do Rio Potengi, Natal - RN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Efeito do desenho em amostragem de conglomerado para estimar a distribuição de ocupações entre trabalhadores

OBJETIVO: Descrever o desenho amostral efetuado para estimar a distribuição de população economicamente ativa, apresentando o efeito do desenho encontrado. MÉTODOS: A partir de um cadastro universal, foram amostrados 4.782 domicílios residenciais do município de Botucatu, SP, por intermédio de amostra aleatória sistemática de conglomerados, realizada entre junho e julho de 1997. RESULTADOS: Os 4.782 domicílios residenciais corresponderam a 17.219 moradores de Botucatu, entre junho e julho de 1997. em decorrência da perda de heterogeneidade da distribuição das ocupações dentro dos domicílios amostrados, o efeito do desenho encontrado variou entre 1,00 e 1,96. CONCLUSÕES: Com base nos resultados obtidos, sugere-se que, em amostras de conglomerados para estimativas da distribuição de ocupações em populações economicamente ativas, o efeito do desenho seja estimado como e=1,50, para amostragens em zona urbana; e e=2,00 para amostragens em zona rural.

Anatomia de ápices radiculares de feijão cv. carioca submetidos a níveis de boro em solução nutritiva

Foram estudadas as alterações anatômicas em ápices radiculares do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Carioca), quando submetidos a diferentes níveis de boro em solução nutritiva. Através de um experimento inteiramente casualizado, foram realizados três tratamentos como se segue: T1 0,50 mg L-1 de boro (testemunha); T2 0,25 mg L-1 de boro (nível intermediário); T0 omisso em boro; sendo feitas amostragens em três estágios sucessivos de desenvolvimento da planta, no decorrer de seu ciclo. As alterações foram avaliadas efetuando-se secções longitudinais de ápices radiculares, sendo analisados comparativamente por meio de estudo cito-histológico com o emprego de microscópio de luz. Considerando como testemunha as plantas submetidas ao nível de 0,50 mg L-1 de boro na solução nutritiva, pôde-se verificar que a omissão desse micronutriente, na solução nutritiva, provocou inibição da divisão e alongamento celular, hipertrofia de células, desorganização de elementos vasculares em raiz, impedindo que a planta completasse seu ciclo, morrendo ao redor do 55o. dia após o transplante. O nível de 0,25 mg L-1 de boro, na solução nutritiva, embora tenha provocado desorganização no ápice radicular, não impediu o desenvolvimento da planta.

Influence of a cage farming on the population of the fish species Apareiodon affinis (Steindachner, 1879) in the Chavantes reservoir, Paranapanema River SP/PR, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A Survey of mid and large bodied mammals in Núcleo Caraguatatuba, Serra do Mar State Park, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Spatio-temporal segregation and size distribution of fish assemblages as related to non-native species occurrence in the middle rio Doce Valley, MG, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Biologia populacional de Cyphocarax modestus (Osteichthyes, Curimatidae) no córrego Ribeirão Claro, município de Rio Claro (SP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biologia populacional de Corydoras flaveolus (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) no Rio Passa Cinco, sub-bacia do Rio Corumbataí, São Paulo, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Population biology of Trichomycterus sp. (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) in Passa Cinco stream, Corumbataí River sub-basin, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)