Spatial patterns of manufacturing clusters in Vietnam

The formation of industrial clusters is critical for sustained economic growth. We identify the manufacturing clusters in Vietnam, using the Mori and Smith (2013) method, which indicates the spatial pattern of industrial agglomerations using the global extent (GE) and local density (LD) indices. Spatial pattern identification is extremely helpful because industrial clusters are often spread over a wide geographical area and the GE and LD indices—along with cluster mapping—display how the respective clusters fit into specific spatial patterns.

Spatial structures of manufacturing clusters in Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Thailand

Examining the spatial structure of clusters is essential for deriving regional development policy implications. In this study, we identify the manufacturing clusters in Cambodia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Thailand, using two indices—global extent (GE) and local density (LD)—as proposed by Mori and Smith (2013). We also analyze four different combinations of these indices to highlight the spatial structures of industrial agglomerations. Since industrial clusters often spread over administrative boundaries, the GE and LD indices—along with cluster mapping—display how the detected clusters fit into specific spatial structures.

MEDIUM-CHAIN-LENGTH POLY(3-HYDROXYALKANOATE) NANOPARTICLE SUSPENSIONS

The main goal of this thesis was to prepare medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) nanoparticle suspensions at high solids content (≥ 10 % w/v). A two-stage emulsification-solvent evaporation process was employed to produce poly-3-hydroxydecanoate (PHD) suspensions. The formulation and processing conditions including ultrasonication time and amplitude, selection of solvent, and selection of surfactants and their concentrations were investigated to make concentrated suspensions (10 and 30 % (w/v)) of PHD with particles less than 300 nm. Among the ionic surfactants tested to stabilize the suspension, the anionic, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and the cationic, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) surfactants produced the smallest particle sizes (~100 nm). However, more stabilized nanoparticles were obtained when the ionic surfactant, SDS, was combined with any of the non-ionic surfactants tested, with polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether (Triton X-100) or polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) resulting in a slight increase in zeta potential over 30 days while the zeta potential with other non-ionic surfactants decreased. Mcl-PHA containing 11 and 18 % of carboxyl groups was synthesized via free radical addition reaction of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid to the pendant double bonds of unsaturated poly-3-hydroxynonanoate (PHNU). Colloidal suspensions prepared by ultrasonication needed a surfactant to maintain stability, even at 0.4 % solids of mcl-PHA containing 11 % carboxylation (PHNC-1) unlike the stable suspensions prepared without surfactants by the titration method. Similar particle sizes (155.6 ± 8.4 to 163.4 ± 11.3 nm) and polydispersity indices (0.42 ± 0.03 to 0.49 ± 0.04) were obtained when several non-ionic surfactants were tested to minimize particle agglomeration, with the smallest particles obtained with Triton X-100. When Triton X-100 was combined with a variety of ionic surfactants, smaller nanoparticles (97.1 ± 1.1 to 121.7 ± 5.7 nm) with a narrower particle size distribution (0.21 ± 0.001 to 0.25 ± 0.003) were produced. The SDS and Triton X-100 combination was chosen to evaluate other mcl-PHAs at 10 % (w/v) solids content. Slightly smaller nanoparticles were formed with carboxylated mcl-PHAs compared to mcl-PHAs having aliphatic pendant side chains. Mcl-PHA consisting of 18 % carboxylation (PHNC-2) formed a much smaller nanoparticles and higher zeta potential.

Redes Sociais Pessoais de Idosos Segundo o Sexo dos Filhos

Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as redes sociais pessoais de idosos portugueses com filhos segundo o sexo da descendência e o sexo do/a idoso/a, relativamente às características estruturais, funcionais e relacionais-contextuais. Metodologia: Para a avaliação das variáveis em estudo foram utilizados o Instrumento de Análise da Rede Social Pessoal, versão para idosos (IARSP – Idosos) (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012) para avaliar as dimensões da rede social pessoal e um inquérito por questionário para caracterização da amostra a nível sociodemográfico e sociofamiliar. Participantes: A amostra é constituída por 498 idosos com filhos, com uma média de idades de 75 anos (DP=7,487), entre os 65 anos e os 98 anos, maioritariamente do sexo feminino (60,8%), casados ou em união facto (58,4%) e com escolaridade (70,7%). A maioria dos idosos inquiridos reside em aglomerado populacional (90,8%) e não usufrui de apoio de respostas sociais (78,1%). Resultados: Na análise separámos 3 subamostras: idosos com filhos de ambos os sexos (n=218; 43,7%), idosos com filhos do sexo masculino (n=125; 25,2%) e idosos com filhos do sexo feminino (n=155; 31,2%). Os idosos com filhas apresentam valores mais elevados no apoio material e instrumental (p = 0,046), apoio informativo (p = 0,018), companhia social (p = 0,018) e reciprocidade de apoio (p < 0,001). O tamanho da rede é menor no caso dos idosos com filhas comparativamente aos que têm filhos de ambos os sexos (p = 0,012). Analisando separadamente as redes das idosas e dos idosos da amostra, assinalamos que nas redes de idosos do sexo masculino apenas houve diferença na reciprocidade (p = 0,016), sendo menos recíprocas as redes da subamostra com filhos apenas do sexo masculino; por sua vez, nas redes das idosas houve diferenças no tamanho da rede (p = 0,015) e na frequência de contactos (p = 0,019) sendo maior nas idosas com filhos de ambos sexos; na proporção de relações de vizinhança na rede (p = 0,005), sendo menor nas idosas que têm filhos de ambos os sexos; no apoio informativo (p = 0,022) e na reciprocidade (p = 0,005) sendo menores nas idosas com filhos do sexo masculino. Conclusões: O nosso estudo revela que o sexo dos filhos influencia as redes sociais pessoais dos pais e mães idosos/as a nível funcional, estrutural e relacional-contextual, sobretudo no caso das mulheres idosas, uma vez que as redes das idosas apresentam diferenças nas três dimensões, o que não se verifica nos pais idosos, verificando-se também que os idosos com filhas do sexo feminino têm redes mais centradas nas relações familiares. / Goals: This study aims to analyze the personal social networks structural, functional and relational-contextual characteristics of Portuguese seniors with offspring, according to their sex. Methodology: To the variables evaluation, we have used the Personal Social Network Analysis Instrument, Elderly Version (IARSP – Elderly) (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012) in order to evaluate the dimensions of the personal social network, and a questionnaire for demographic description. Participants: Our sample has 498 seniors with offspring, with an average of 75 years of age (DP = 7,487), between 65 and 98 years old, mostly females (60,8%), married (58,4%) with education (70,7%).The majority live on agglomeration (90,8%) and does not have the support of social services (78,1%). Results: In this analysis we've 3 groups: seniors with sons and daughters (n = 218; 43,7%), seniors with male offspring (n = 125; 25,2%) and seniors with female offspring ( n = 155; 31,2%). Seniors with daughters only shows higher values on material and instrumental support (p = 0,046), informative support (p = 0,018), social company (p = 0,018) and reciprocity support (p < 0,001). The network size is smaller on senior's with offspring, comparing the ones with sons and daughters (p = 0,012). On a separate analysis of the male and female seniors sample, it should be noticed that on the male seniors network there's been a difference on reciprocity only (p = 0,016) being less reciprocal the networks from the group exclusively with male sons; on the other end, on the female seniors network with sons and daughters there's been a difference on the network size (p = 0,015) and on the contact frequency (p = 0,019) being smaller on the seniors with offspring from both sex; on the proportion relation of network neighborhood (p = 0,005), smaller on the female seniors with sons and daughters; on informative support (p = 0,022) and on the reciprocity (p = 0,005), being smaller on the female seniors with male offspring. Conclusions: Our study reveals that the male and female offspring influences the personal social networks of senior mothers and fathers on a functional, structural and context-relational level, mostly on women, once that their network presents differences in the three dimension, something that does not happen with senior fathers, with the verification that the seniors with daughters do have social networks that are more centered in family relations.

Relações interorganizacionais e eficiência coletiva: um estudo de caso no arranjo produtivo local de confecções do Agreste de Pernambuco

This work is a study in the Local Productive Arrangement of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco, as a relevant sector in economic and social aspect. This research has as central aim to understand how the inter-organizational relations influence the collective efficiency of arrangement. The theoretical framework employed highlights the approaches that deal with the benefits of business agglomeration for the develop­ment of firms and regions. It has discussed the approach of small and medium enter­ prises and industrial districts (SCHMITZ, 1997), which introduce the concept of col­ lective efficiency, explaining that only those externalities explained by Marshall (1996) are not sufficient to explain the competitive advantage of enterprises, expand­ing the idea that organizations achieve competitive advantage not acting alone. To examine the influences of relations in the collective efficiency, it has been taken as analytical perspective theory of social networks (GRANOVETTER, 1973, 1985; BURT, 1992; UZZI, 1997) because it has believe that this approach provides subsi­ dies for a structural analysis of social relationships in face the behavior of human ac­tion. By examining the organizations in a social network, you should understand the reason of this establishment of the relationship, their benefits, and as the information flow takes place and density of links between the actors (Powell; SMITH-DOERR, 1994). As for the methods, this study is characterized as a case study, in according to the purposed objectives, in addition to qualitative method. Also, due to recovering of the historical milestones of the arrangement, it is used a sectional approach with longitudinal perspective (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the evolutionary process of the sector and their inter-actors re­ lationships in the arrangement for the promotion of development, for both, was used the contend and documentary analysis technique, respectively (DELLAGNELO ; SIL­VA, 2005). The approach of social networks has permitted understand that social re­lationships may extend the collective efficiency of the arrangement, and therefore need to develop policies that encourage the legalization of informal companies in ar­rangement, by showing up themselves representative. Thus, the relations estab­ lished in LPA of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco need for more effective mechanisms to broaden the collective efficiency. Therefore, this way as take place has directly benefited only a group of companies that are linked in some way the sup­portive institutions. So we can conclude that the inter-actor relations have limited the collective efficiency of LPA, being stimulated by the institutions in support only to groups of entrepreneurs, even those that produce external relations for all clustered companies

Methane Clathrates in the Solar System

We review the reservoirs of methane clathrates that may exist in the different bodies of the Solar System. Methane was formed in the interstellar medium prior to having been embedded in the protosolar nebula gas phase. This molecule was subsequently trapped in clathrates that formed from crystalline water ice during the cooling of the disk and incorporated in this form into the building blocks of comets, icy bodies, and giant planets. Methane clathrates may play an important role in the evolution of planetary atmospheres. On Earth, the production of methane in clathrates is essentially biological, and these compounds are mostly found in permafrost regions or in the sediments of continental shelves. On Mars, methane would more likely derive from hydrothermal reactions with olivine-rich material. If they do exist, martian methane clathrates would be stable only at depth in the cryosphere and sporadically release some methane into the atmosphere via mechanisms that remain to be determined. In the case of Titan, most of its methane probably originates from the protosolar nebula, where it would have been trapped in the clathrates agglomerated by the satellite's building blocks. Methane clathrates are still believed to play an important role in the present state of Titan. Their presence is invoked in the satellite's subsurface as a means of replenishing its atmosphere with methane via outgassing episodes. The internal oceans of Enceladus and Europa also provide appropriate thermodynamic conditions that allow formation of methane clathrates. In turn, these clathrates might influence the composition of these liquid reservoirs. Finally, comets and Kuiper Belt Objects might have formed from the agglomeration of clathrates and pure ices in the nebula. The methane observed in comets would then result from the destabilization of clathrate layers in the nuclei concurrent with their approach to perihelion. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations show that methane-rich clathrate layers may exist on Pluto as well. Key Words: Methane clathrate-Protosolar nebula-Terrestrial planets-Outer Solar System.

Acetilação do exopolissacarídeo (1→6)-β-D-glucana (lasiodiplodana): derivatização química e caracterização

Lasiodiplodan is an exocellular β-glucan with biological functionalities such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, hypocholesterolemic, protective activity against DNA damage induced by doxorubicin and hypoglycemic activity. Chemical derivatization of polysaccharide macromolecules has been considered as a potentiating mechanism for bioactivity. In this context, this work proposes the derivatization of lasiodiplodan by acetylation. Acetic anhydride was used as derivatizing agent and pyridine as catalyst and reaction medium. The derivatives obtained were evaluated by its water solubility, degree of substitution (DS), antioxidant potential, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Acetylated derivatives with different degrees of substitution (1.26; 1.03; 0.66 and 0.48) were obtained, and there was correlation between the concentration of derivatizing agent and DS. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis confirmed the insertion of acetyl groups into derivatized macromolecules (LAS-AC) through of specific bands concerning to carbonyl group (C = O) and increase in C-O vibration. SEM analysis indicated that native lasiodiplodan presents morphological structure in the form of thin films with translucent appearance and folds along its length. Derivatization led to morphological changes in the polymer, including aspects thickness, translucency and agglomeration. Thermal analysis indicated the native sample and derivative with DS 0.48 presented three weight loss stages. The first stage occurred until 125 ° C (loss of water) and there were two consecutive events of weight loss (200 ° C - 400 ° C) attributed to molecule degradation. Samples with DS 1.26; 1.03 and 0.66 demonstrated four weight loss stages. The first stage occurred until 130 ° C (loss of water), following by two consecutive events of weight loss (200 ° C - 392 ° C) attributed to degradation of the biopolymer. The fourth stage was between 381 ° C and 532 ° C (final decomposition) with exothermic peaks between 472 ° C and 491 ° C. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that native and acetylated lasiodiplodan have amorphous structure with semicrystalline regions. Derivatization did not contribute to increased solubility of the macromolecule, but potentiated its antioxidant capacity. Acetylation of lasiodiplodan allowed to obtaining a new macromolecule with higher antioxidant potential than the native molecule and with technological properties applicable in various industrial sectors.

EXCESSO DE PESO DE ADULTOS RESIDENTES EM UM AGLOMERADO URBANO SUBNORMAL

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de excesso de peso e possíveis fatores de risco em adultos residentes em um aglomerado urbano subnormal. Métodos: Estudo observacional do tipo transversal, baseado em uma amostra de 582 adultos, na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, residentes no aglomerado urbano subnormal dos Coelhos (Recife). Definiu-se excesso de peso pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) maior ou igual a 25kg/m2. Foram avaliadas possíveis associações com idade, sexo, raça/cor e fatores socioeconômicos (escolaridade e condição de trabalho). O efeito sobre a ocorrência de excesso de peso foi estimado pelo cálculo do Odds Ratio (OR), mediante o ajuste de modelos de regressão logística simples. A precisão e significância estatística desses ORs foram avaliadas através de intervalos de 95% de confiança e do teste de Wald. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 62,5% (n=364), sendo maior nas mulheres (66,1%; n=251) do que nos homens (56,0%; n=113), com um aumento progressivo até a faixa etária de 40 a 49 anos, passando a declinar a partir de então. Nessa faixa, houve um risco de excesso de peso de 2,6 vezes. Além da idade, pertencer ao sexo feminino e não trabalhar também representaram condições de risco. Conclusão: A elevada prevalência do excesso de peso na população adulta residente no aglomerado urbano subnormal dos Coelhos se mostrou associada ao sexo, faixa etária e condição de trabalho, constituindo-se, assim, como possíveis fatores de risco do problema.

Otimização de uma linha de aglomeração de materiais reciclados

Dado a globalização dos negócios e o aumento da competitividade dos produtos, é cada vez mais difícil para as grandes empresas manter a sua posição no mercado. Este processo quer-se rápido, eficaz e com o menor custo possível. Para este efeito, a metodologia Lean tem oferecido respostas bastante interessantes às empresas, com a aplicação de ferramentas da metodologia muito simples mas muito eficientes. Garantir características no produto final que façam á empresa manter ou ganhar cota no mercado é fundamental. Como tal, as empresas tentam ao máximo garantir a qualidade e o aspecto visual do produto. Posto isto, foram efetuados vários trabalhos para fazer frente às situações acima apresentadas e fazer com que o produto continue competitivo, para que possa aumentar a sua margem de lucro, mantendo o seu valor no mercado. Os trabalhos efetuados foram: plano de manutenção autónoma, um estudo do efeito da velocidade do misturador no produto final e um balanceamento à linha de aglomeração. Com a aplicação do Plano de Manutenção Autónoma, foi possível eliminar desperdícios, tornar a linha mais organizada e limpa e instruir os operadores a serem mais responsáveis, organizados e críticos ao seu trabalho. Quanto ao estudo do efeito da velocidade do misturador no produto final, os resultados não foram os esperados, dado que com o ensaio industrial efetuado não foi possível melhorar significativamente o aspeto visual do produto. Apesar de não ter sido possível a sua implementação, com o estudo do Balanceamento da linha, junto com os dados recolhidos foi possível obter um conhecimento mais pormenorizado da linha, foi criada uma possibilidade de proteger a linha de possíveis flutuações do mercado e eliminação de desperdício e uma possibilidade de listagem de tarefas estandartizadas e equilibradas, promovendo um menor esforço aos operadores. Em síntese, com a elaboração destes trabalhos, foi possível provocar um impacto positivo na linha, tornando-a mais organizada, reduzindo desperdício, protegendo de flutuações do mercado e aumentando o conhecimento da mesma.

Laser ablation-based one-step generation and bio-functionalization of gold nanoparticles conjugated with aptamers

Background: Bio-conjugated nanoparticles are important analytical tools with emerging biological and medical applications. In this context, in situ conjugation of nanoparticles with biomolecules via laser ablation in an aqueous media is a highly promising one-step method for the production of functional nanoparticles resulting in highly efficient conjugation. Increased yields are required, particularly considering the conjugation of cost-intensive biomolecules like RNA aptamers. Results: Using a DNA aptamer directed against streptavidin, in situ conjugation results in nanoparticles with diameters of approximately 9 nm exhibiting a high aptamer surface density (98 aptamers per nanoparticle) and a maximal conjugation efficiency of 40.3%. We have demonstrated the functionality of the aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles using three independent analytical methods, including an agglomeration-based colorimetric assay, and solid-phase assays proving high aptamer activity. To demonstrate the general applicability of the in situ conjugation of gold nanoparticles with aptamers, we have transferred the method to an RNA aptamer directed against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Successful detection of PSMA in human prostate cancer tissue was achieved utilizing tissue microarrays. Conclusions: In comparison to the conventional generation of bio-conjugated gold nanoparticles using chemical synthesis and subsequent bio-functionalization, the laser-ablation-based in situ conjugation is a rapid, one-step production method. Due to high conjugation efficiency and productivity, in situ conjugation can be easily used for high throughput generation of gold nanoparticles conjugated with valuable biomolecules like aptamers.

Relações interorganizacionais e eficiência coletiva: um estudo de caso no arranjo produtivo local de confecções do Agreste de Pernambuco

This work is a study in the Local Productive Arrangement of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco, as a relevant sector in economic and social aspect. This research has as central aim to understand how the inter-organizational relations influence the collective efficiency of arrangement. The theoretical framework employed highlights the approaches that deal with the benefits of business agglomeration for the develop­ment of firms and regions. It has discussed the approach of small and medium enter­ prises and industrial districts (SCHMITZ, 1997), which introduce the concept of col­ lective efficiency, explaining that only those externalities explained by Marshall (1996) are not sufficient to explain the competitive advantage of enterprises, expand­ing the idea that organizations achieve competitive advantage not acting alone. To examine the influences of relations in the collective efficiency, it has been taken as analytical perspective theory of social networks (GRANOVETTER, 1973, 1985; BURT, 1992; UZZI, 1997) because it has believe that this approach provides subsi­ dies for a structural analysis of social relationships in face the behavior of human ac­tion. By examining the organizations in a social network, you should understand the reason of this establishment of the relationship, their benefits, and as the information flow takes place and density of links between the actors (Powell; SMITH-DOERR, 1994). As for the methods, this study is characterized as a case study, in according to the purposed objectives, in addition to qualitative method. Also, due to recovering of the historical milestones of the arrangement, it is used a sectional approach with longitudinal perspective (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the evolutionary process of the sector and their inter-actors re­ lationships in the arrangement for the promotion of development, for both, was used the contend and documentary analysis technique, respectively (DELLAGNELO ; SIL­VA, 2005). The approach of social networks has permitted understand that social re­lationships may extend the collective efficiency of the arrangement, and therefore need to develop policies that encourage the legalization of informal companies in ar­rangement, by showing up themselves representative. Thus, the relations estab­ lished in LPA of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco need for more effective mechanisms to broaden the collective efficiency. Therefore, this way as take place has directly benefited only a group of companies that are linked in some way the sup­portive institutions. So we can conclude that the inter-actor relations have limited the collective efficiency of LPA, being stimulated by the institutions in support only to groups of entrepreneurs, even those that produce external relations for all clustered companies

Optimization of the large scale synthesis of the LSF-20 cathode material for SOFCs

Póster presentado en: 21st World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2016. Zaragoza, Spain. 13-16th June, 2016

Adsorção de Pb(II) utilizando adsorvente composto por montmorilonita e dolomita

The destructive impact of improper disposal of heavy metals in the environment increases as a direct result of population explosion, urbanization and industrial expansion and technological developments. Argil are potential materials for adsorption of inorganic and the pelletization of it is required for use in adsorptive columns of fixed bed. The low cost and the possibility of regeneration makes these materials attractive for use in the purification process, capable of removing inorganic compounds in contaminated aquatic environments. In this work was made pellets of a mixture of dolomite and montmorillonite by wet agglomeration, in different percentages. The removal of Pb (II) was investigated through experimental studies, and was modeled by kinetic models and isotherms of adsorption. The materials were characterized using the techniques of XRD, TG / DTA, FT-IR, and surface area by BET method. The results showed the adsorption efficiency of the contaminant by the composite material studied in synthetic solution. The study found that the adsorption follows the Langmuir model, and the kinetics of adsorption follows the model of pseudosecond order

A escala humana e a cidade

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, com a especialização em Urbanismo, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.

As dinâmicas dos clusters como potenciadoras da competitividade empresarial regional : o caso do cluster hortícola do Ribatejo & Oeste : análise comparativa com Almeria (Espanha)

Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial