纳米硅薄膜制备及HIT太阳能电池

在较高工作气压(332.5～399Pa)下,采用等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)工艺制备了优质的本征纳米硅薄膜及掺磷的纳米硅薄膜,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼散射(Raman) 测试技术对其进行了测试和分析.结果表明纳米硅薄膜的XRD谱中存在(111)、(220)和(331)峰位;Raman谱中显示出其薄膜中的晶粒的大小(2～5nm)符合纳米晶的要求.将制备的纳米硅薄膜初步用于栅极/ITO/n-nc-Si∶H/i-nc-Si∶H/p-c-Si/Al/Ag结构的异质结(HIT)太阳能电池,开路电压(Voc)达404mV,短路电流密度(Jsc)可达到34.2mA/cm2(AM1.5,100mW/cm~2,25℃).

碳离子辐射引起Hela细胞线粒体DNA 4977 bp的缺失

背景:线粒体DNA4977bp缺失的累积对衰老的多细胞动物来说是一个显著的特征,同时也与各种肿瘤细胞的转移和凋亡有关。目前的研究已证明辐射可特异性地诱导此缺失的产生,有望将其作为新的DNA水平的辐射损伤生物剂量标记。目的:用聚合酶链反应方法检测碳离子辐射引起的Hela细胞线粒体DNA4977bp突变缺失,并观察碳离子辐射剂量及辐射时间与线粒体DNA4977bp缺失的相关性。设计、时间及地点:细胞DNA水平的对照实验,于2008-10/11在甘肃省兰州市近代物理研究所完成。材料:人宫颈癌细胞Hela细胞株。方法:Hela细胞经2～8Gy的碳离子辐射后,于2～24h各个时间点分别提取包含线粒体DNA的全基因组DNA,并用聚合酶链反应法扩增线粒体DNA4977bp缺失的特异片段,通过限制反应模板浓度和聚合酶链反应循环数的方法进行定性分析。主要观察指标:碳离子辐射剂量及辐射时间对线粒体DNA4977bp缺失的影响。结果:经2Gy辐照处理的Hela细胞在2,4,8,24h4个时间点的检测中均无聚合酶链反应阳性产物,8Gy辐照处理的Hela细胞在12,16,24h3个时间点可检测到线粒体DNA4977bp缺失,且随时间延长而累积。辐照后12hHela细胞在8Gy辐照处理后可检测到线粒体DNA4977bp缺失,辐照后16和24hHela细胞在6,8Gy辐照处理后可检测到线粒体DNA4977bp缺失。结论:碳离子辐射引起的Hela细胞线粒体DNA4977bp缺失存在剂量相关性,且其累计程度可能与辐射时间有关。

~(230)Ac β延发裂变

本文叙述了远离beta稳定线新核素合成尤其是beta延发裂变研究的重要意义,介绍了beta延发裂变先驱~(230)Ac的搜索及其延发裂变几率的测定。

Micro Insert: A Prototype Full-Ring PET Device for Improving the Image Resolution of a Small-Animal PET Scanner

A full-ring PET insert device should be able to enhance the image resolution of existing small-animal PET scanners. Methods: The device consists of 18 high-resolution PET detectors in a cylindric enclosure. Each detector contains a cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate array (12 x 12 crystals, 0.72 x 1.51 x 3.75 mm each) coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube via an optical fiber bundle made of 8 x 16 square multiclad fibers. Signals from the insert detectors are connected to the scanner through the electronics of the disabled first ring of detectors, which permits coincidence detection between the 2 systems. Energy resolution of a detector was measured using a Ge-68 point source, and a calibrated 68Ge point source stepped across the axial field of view (FOV) provided the sensitivity profile of the system. A Na-22 point source imaged at different offsets from the center characterized the in-plane resolution of the insert system. Imaging was then performed with a Derenzo phantom filled with 19.5 MBq of F-18-fluoride and imaged for 2 h; a 24.3-g mouse injected with 129.5 MBq of F-18-fluoride and imaged in 5 bed positions at 3.5 h after injection; and a 22.8-g mouse injected with 14.3 MBq of F-18-FDG and imaged for 2 h with electrocardiogram gating. Results: The energy resolution of a typical detector module at 511 keV is 19.0% +/- 3.1 %. The peak sensitivity of the system is approximately 2.67%. The image resolution of the system ranges from 1.0- to 1.8-mm full width at half maximum near the center of the FOV, depending on the type of coincidence events used for image reconstruction. Derenzo phantom and mouse bone images showed significant improvement in transaxial image resolution using the insert device. Mouse heart images demonstrated the gated imaging capability of the device. Conclusion: We have built a prototype full-ring insert device for a small-animal PET scanner to provide higher-resolution PET images within a reduced imaging FOV. Development of additional correction techniques are needed to achieve quantitative imaging with such an insert.

大气CO_2和O_3浓度升高对银杏构件生长的影响

采用开顶箱模拟试验,探讨了大气CO2和O3浓度升高对银杏构件生长的影响。结果表明:高浓度O3抑制银杏主枝和侧枝生长(P<0.01);高浓度CO2对银杏粗生长影响不显著(P>0.05),但在高浓度O3和CO2、O3复合气体条件,银杏粗生长受到严重抑制(P<0.01);高浓度CO2可促进银杏叶片面积和干物质的增加,并能提高叶片含水量和抗干旱能力,但在高浓度CO2、O3复合气体条件下,叶片面积增加不显著(P>0.05),而干物质增加极显著(P<0.01);O3对银杏叶片构件生长有明显抑制作用,叶面积大小和干物质量明显低于对照株(P<0.05)。

第94届美国生态学会年会在新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基召开

<正>美国生态学会(ESA)第94届年会于2009年8月2日到7日在新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基(Albuquerque)的国际会议中心举行,3000多人参加此次会议。会议主题是"Ecological Knowledge and a Global Sustainable Society"。8月2日下午5时,美

利用SEDD模型模拟岷江上游小流域的年产沙量

以GIS为平台,建立了泥沙输移分布模型SEDD(sediment delivery distributed model),包括模拟流域年侵蚀量的修正通用水土流失方程RUSLE(revised universal soil loss equation)和模拟泥沙输移比SDR(sediment delivery ratio)的方程.利用该模型模拟了岷江上游黑水、镇江关流域的年侵蚀、产沙量及其空间分布特征.模拟结果表明:两个流域侵蚀强度以轻度和中度侵蚀为主,并伴有强度侵蚀;流域产沙量低,不到侵蚀总量的5%;泥沙输移比与流域产沙量的空间分布相似,均呈现在河流附近较高、其他区域接近零的格局;灌木林地和林地是主要的产沙源,两种类型的产沙量之和约占流域总产沙量的70%.

Development of SSR primers from EST sequences and their application in germplasm identification of Porphyra lines (Rhodophyta)

This paper reports the development of SSR markers from EST data and their utilization in germplasm identification of Porphyra. The publicly available EST (expressed sequence tag) sequences of Porphyra were searched from the Internet (www.kazura.or.jp/en/plant/porphyra/EST/). From a total of 20,779 obtained EST sequences, 391 SSRs (simple sequence repeats) were analysed with SSRIT software (www.gramene.org/db/searches/ssrtool). From those, 48 SSR primer-pairs were designed and tested by commonly used SSR reaction conditions using 22 Porphyra DNA samples as templates. Results showed that 41 SSR primer-pairs gave good amplification patterns. These were used to conduct SSR analyses of genetic diversity and variety identification of the 22 Porphyra lines. A dendrogram and the DNA fingerprints of the Porphyra lines were developed based on the obtained SSR data.

The effects of CpG-C oligodeoxynucleotides on innate immune responses in Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1853)

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can stimulate the immune system, and therefore are widely used as a therapeutic vaccination and immune adjuvant in human. In the present study, CpG-C, a combination of A- and B-class ODN, was injected into Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis at three doses (0.1, 1 and 10 mu g crab-1), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, activities of total intracellular phenoloxidase (PO) and lysozyme-like activities, the mRNA transcripts of EsproPO, EsCrustin and EsALF were assayed to evaluate its modulating effects on the immune system of crab. The ROS levels in all treated and control groups were significantly increased from 6 to 24 h, except that ROS in 0.1 mu g CpG-C-treated crabs was comparable to that of the blank at 6 h. The PO activity was significantly enhanced and EsproPO transcripts were down-regulated (P < 0.01) at 6 h after the injection of 0.1 mu g CpG-C, with no significant changes in the other dosage treatments. The lysozyme-like activities and EsCrustin transcripts in the CpG-C-treatment groups were significantly higher than those of controls. The mRNA expression of EsALF remained almost constant in all the groups during the treatment. These results collectively suggested that CpG-C could activate the immune responses of E. sinensis, and might be used as a novel immunostimulant for disease control in crabs.