Estudio epidemiológico de carcinoma escamoso de piel en el área de Barcelonés Nord.

El carcinoma escamós de pell representa una de les neoplàsies més freqüents de la raça blanca. En aquest treball es pretén estimar la seva incidència acumulada a l'àrea del Barcelonès Nord. Altres objectius són conèixer la distribució per edat i sexe d'aquesta neoplàsia i la freqüència d'afectació de diferents àrees corporals. Mitjançant una revisió retrospectiva del registre hospitalari d'anatomia patològica de l'Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol es van recollir tots els casos incidents de carcinoma escamós de pell diagnosticats en el Barcelonès Nord durant un període de 12 mesos. La taxa d'incidència estandarditzada per a la població mundial ha estat de 17,9 / 100.000 habitants-any. Així mateix, es va trobar una afectació major del sexe masculí i de les àrees corporals exposades als raigs ultraviolats.

Activated protein C consumption and coagulation parameters in severe sepsis and septic shock.

Introduction Activated protein C (APC) deC ciency is prevalent in severe sepsis and septic shock patients. The aim of the study was to relate the anticoagulation activity evaluated by APC with other coagulation parameters adjusted to 28-day mortality. Methods A cohort study of 150 critically ill adults. Age, sex, sources of infection and coagulation markers within 24< hours from severe sepsis or septic shock onset, deC ned according to Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) criteria, were studied. We analyzed APC activity using a hemostasis laboratory analyzer (BCS® XP; Siemens). A descriptive and comparative statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results We analyzed 150 consecutive episodes of severe sepsis (16%) or septic shock (84%) admitted to the UCI. The median age of the study sample was 64 (interquartile range (IQR): 22.30.001). See Figure 1. Conclusion Low levels of PC are associated with poor outcome and severity in severe sepsis, and it is well correlated with antithrombin III and INR.

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997-2010.

BACKGROUND Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIV-infected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. METHODS We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 person-years (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. RESULTS Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997-2003). CONCLUSION Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection.

Morbimortalidad Asociada A La Fractura De Cadera Del Paciente Anciano. Analisis De Nuestro Medio

La fractura de cadera es una patología prevalente en la población anciana, con un crecimiento exponencial, altas tasas de morbimortalidad asociada, implicaciones en la calidad de vida y consumo de recursos sanitarios. Objetivos: Conocer las variables epidemiológicas de esta patología, el impacto en la atención médica y el proceso que implica para la adecuada previsión de recursos. Describir las causas de demora quirúrgica y sus posibles consecuencias, e implicaciones de todo lo anterior en la práctica anestésica. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo, se revisan pacientes mayores de 65 años con diagnostico de fractura de cadera intervenidos en nuestro hospital entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2008, analizando datos epidemiológicos generales, morbimortalidad, antiagregación/anticoagulación, tipo de anestesia y complicaciones, tasa transfusional, estancia hospitalaria, demora quirúrgica y mortalidad, entre otros. Conclusiones: La fractura de cadera es un problema de salud serio y global, con implicaciones importantes en nuestra práctica diaria, en los costos inmediatos y a largo plazo. Siendo responsable de una alta morbimortalidad precoz y tardía. La demora quirúrgica se asocia a un aumento de complicaciones postoperatorias y mortalidad.

Umbilical cord blood transplantation from unrelated donors in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

There are very few disease-specific studies focusing on outcomes of umbilical cord blood transplantation for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We report the outcome of 45 patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia who underwent myeloablative single unit cord blood transplantation from unrelated donors within the GETH/GITMO cooperative group. Conditioning regimens were based on combinations of thiotepa, busulfan, cyclophospamide or fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin. At the time of transplantation, 35 patients (78%) were in first complete remission, four (8%) in second complete remission and six (14%) in third or subsequent response. The cumulative incidence of myeloid engraftment was 96% at a median time of 20 days and significantly better for patients receiving higher doses of CD34(+) cells. The incidence of acute grade II-IV graft-versus-host disease was 31%, while that of overall chronic graft-versus-host disease was 53%. Treatment-related mortality was 17% at day +100 and 31% at 5 years. The 5-year relapse, event-free survival and overall survival rates were 31%, 36% and 44%, respectively. Although the event-free and overall survival rates in patients without BCR/ABL transcripts detectable at time of transplant were better than those in whom BCR/ABL transcripts were detected (46% versus 24% and 60% versus 30%, respectively) these differences were not statistically significant in the univariate analysis (P=0.07). These results demonstrate that umbilical cord blood transplantation from unrelated donors can be a curative treatment for a substantial number of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Proadrenomedullin: An effective prognostic biomarker in septic patients

Background: Measurement of biomarkers is a potential approach to early prediction of mortality in septic patients. The purpose of this study was to asses the prognostic value of proadrenomedullin (pADM) in adult patients with sepsis with a single measurement in the first 24 hours after the onset of severe sepsis or septic shock. Conclusions: The protein pADM is an important prognostic biomarker of survival when measured on admission of septic patients to the ICU.

Prospective registry of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in octogenarians: a need for intervention.

OBJECTIVE To study the factors associated with choice of therapy and prognosis in octogenarians with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). STUDY DESIGN Prospective, observational, multicenter registry. Centralized follow-up included survival status and, if possible, mode of death and Katz index. SETTING Transnational registry in Spain. SUBJECTS We included 928 patients aged ≥80 years with severe symptomatic AS. INTERVENTIONS Aortic-valve replacement (AVR), transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) or conservative therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause death. RESULTS Mean age was 84.2 ± 3.5 years, and only 49.0% were independent (Katz index A). The most frequent planned management was conservative therapy in 423 (46%) patients, followed by TAVI in 261 (28%) and AVR in 244 (26%). The main reason against recommending AVR in 684 patients was high surgical risk [322 (47.1%)], other medical motives [193 (28.2%)], patient refusal [134 (19.6%)] and family refusal in the case of incompetent patients [35 (5.1%)]. The mean time from treatment decision to AVR was 4.8 ± 4.6 months and to TAVI 2.1 ± 3.2 months, P < 0.001. During follow-up (11.2-38.9 months), 357 patients (38.5%) died. Survival rates at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were 81.8%, 72.6%, 64.1% and 57.3%, respectively. Planned intervention, adjusted for multiple propensity score, was associated with lower mortality when compared with planned conservative treatment: TAVI Hazard ratio (HR) 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.93; P = 0.016) and AVR HR 0.56 (95% CI 0.39-0.8; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Octogenarians with symptomatic severe AS are frequently managed conservatively. Planned conservative management is associated with a poor prognosis.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in very elderly patients: immediate results and medium term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate immediate transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) results and medium-term follow-up in very elderly patients with severe and symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). METHODS This multicenter, observational and prospective study was carried out in three hospitals. We included consecutive very elderly (> 85 years) patients with severe AS treated by TAVI. The primary endpoint was to evaluate death rates from any cause at two years. RESULTS The study included 160 consecutive patients with a mean age of 87 ± 2.1 years (range from 85 to 94 years) and a mean logistic EuroSCORE of 18.8% ± 11.2% with 57 (35.6%) patients scoring ≥ 20%. Procedural success rate was 97.5%, with 25 (15.6%) patients experiencing acute complications with major bleeding (the most frequent). Global mortality rate during hospitalization was 8.8% (n = 14) and 30-day mortality rate was 10% (n = 16). Median follow up period was 252.24 ± 232.17 days. During the follow-up period, 28 (17.5%) patients died (17 of them due to cardiac causes). The estimated two year overall and cardiac survival rates using the Kaplan-Meier method were 71% and 86.4%, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression showed that the variable EuroSCORE ≥ 20 was the unique variable associated with overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS TAVI is safe and effective in a selected population of very elderly patients. Our findings support the adoption of this new procedure in this complex group of patients.

Cirugía micrográfica de Mohs: Estudio retrospectivo de los últimos trece años (1999-2011) en el Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las características de los pacientes tratados con cirugía micrográfica de Mohs entre 1999-2011 y evaluar la eficacia de esta cirugía para el tratamiento de los carcinomas basocelulares. Durante este periodo se realizaron 560 cirugías de Mohs, el 95.36% de las cuales fueron de carcinomas basocelulares. Se observó una tasa de recidiva del 1.40% para los carcinomas basocelulares primarios y del 13.62% para los recurrentes, siendo la diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p <0.0001).

Incidencia y características de las agudizaciones asmáticas en 2005 y 2011 en Barcelona (ASMAB III y IV).

Conocer nuevamente la tasa de agudizaciones asmáticas en una población determinada así como sus características clínicas puede contribuir a acotar con mayor precisión los factores desencadenantes sobre los que incidir así como a ajustar mejor los tratamientos a instaurar. Así mismo haber estudiado las mismas características clínicas además de los tratamientos de base de los pacientes y los tratamientos administrados durante la exacerbación y alta en una misma población, con un intervalo de 6 años puede ayudarnos a comprender la aplicabilidad y a realizar una monitorización real del uso del tratamiento en nuestra sociedad.

The histone deactylase SIRT6 is a novel tumor suppressor that regulates cancer metabolism.

Report for the scientific sojourn carried out at the University of Aarhus, Denmark, from 2010 to 2012. Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a key process during tumorigenesis. This metabolic adaptation is required in order to sustain the energetic and anabolic demands of highly proliferative cancer cells. Despite known for decades (Warburg effect), the precise molecular mechanisms regulating this switch remained unexplored. We have identify SIRT6 as a novel tumor suppressor that regulates aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Importantly, loss of this sirtuin in non-transformed cells leads to tumor formation without activation of known oncogenes, indicating that SIRT6 functions as a first-hit tumor suppressor. Furthermore, transformed SIRT6-deficient cells display increased glycolysis and tumor growth in vivo, suggesting that SIRT6 plays a role in both establishment and maintenance of cancer. We provide data demonstrating that the glycolytic switch towards aerobic glycolysis is the main driving force for tumorigenesis in SIRT6-deficient cells, since inhibition of glycolysis in these cells abrogates their tumorigenic potential. By using a conditional SIRT6-targeted allele, we show that deletion of SIRT6 in vivo increases the number, size and aggressiveness of tumors, thereby confirming a role of SIRT6 as a tumor suppressor in vivo. In addition, we describe a new role for SIRT6 as a regulator of ribosome biogenesis by co-repressing MYC transcriptional activity. Therefore, by repressing glycolysis and ribosomal gene expression, SIRT6 inhibits tumor establishment and progression. Further validating these data, SIRT6 is selectively downregulated in several human cancers, and expression levels of SIRT6 predict both prognosis and tumor-free survival rates, highlighting SIRT6 as a critical modulator of cancer metabolism. Our results provide a potential Achilles’ hill to tackle cancer metabolism.

Hakunilan Kultsa/Urban II hanke : pohdintaa yhteisöteatterin merkityksestä alueelle

This thesis analyses what local community theatre activity means to an area and its residents, and whether this kind of activity is meaningful. The objective was to explore whether and how community art can help urban areas to move in the direction of sustainable development: whether art can be part of regional policy development work. Hakunilan Kultsa was founded in 2003. It is an Urban II, European Union project and part of the Community Iniative Programme 2001-2006, financed by the EU. Hakunilan Kultsa is also a co-operation between Vantaa city council's culture and youth services. The project encourages Hakunila residents of different ages to take part in versatile art and cultural intrests in the Hakunila youth centre. People have the opportunity to participate in theatre, expression, arts, dance, performing arts and writing groups. One of the main aims is to found a sustainable community theatre in the area. The thesis examines what effects Hakunilan Kultsa has had so far. Inquiry form and thematical interviews have been used as research methods. Interviews and questionnaires were gathered between Autumn 2004 and Spring 2005. The whole process lasted from Spring 2004 until Spring 2006. The author also made participatory observations during the research process which in turn affected the conclusions. The thesis also deals with associated topics such as urban programmes, sustainable development, Hakunila as a suburban area, resident stimulation, and community thetare work. Hakunilan Kultsa has proved its importance. Based on the enquiries and interviews, the project has effectively presented the possibility for art forms to become hobbies. There is no cultural, age or economical discrimination. The easily accessible site and the low threshold principle make it easy for people to participate. The community theatre has improved the area's public image, increased participation and initiative, and given a voice to the community.

Crecimiento económico en Islas Canarias

Un breve análisis de la economía Canaria y su crecimiento en esta última década.Entorno: El archipiélago canario es un territorio muy vinculado a los acontecimientos exteriores. Estudios económicos encuentran evidencia que el ciclo económico canario mantiene estrechos lazos con la economía internacional incluso más significativos que los que mantiene con el entorno europeo o con el nacional. Por esta razón hemos tomado muy en cuenta lo que acontece en las economías internacionales.Nos hemos centrado en el análisis de el crecimiento sostenido en la última década hasta llegar al comienzo de la desaceleración en el año 2007, el año 2007 se cerró con un crecimiento mundial inferior en una décima al crecimiento registrado en 2006, esta elevada tasa de crecimiento esconde, una clara desaceleración en los últimos meses del año, que como posibles causas tomaremos en cuenta las turbulencias financieras derivadas de la crisis hipotecaria iniciada en los meses de verano en los Estados Unidos, en combinación con el aumento en los precios energéticos y alimenticios, hanincrementado el grado de incertidumbre, orientando a la baja las previsiones de crecimiento de los años posteriores.

Videokamera koulutyössä : miten kamera voisi olla kuin kynä?

Tässä opinnäytetyössä tutkin miten videokameraa voi käyttää oppimisen välineenä perusopetuksessa. Tutkielmani perustuu ajatukseen kamerasta audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin kynänä, monipuolisena kirjoittamisen, kuvittamisen ja itsensä ilmaisemisen välineenä, jonka käyttö on yksinkertaista ja tasa-arvoista. Lähestyn kysymystä sekä kasvatuksen, mediakasvatuksen että elokuvateorian näkökulmista ja etsin niiden yhtymäkohtia. Tavoitteena on hahmotella työkaluja ja kehyksiä, joista olisi opettajille hyötyä käytännön koulutyössä, ja jotka auttaisivat entistä paremmin integroimaan mediakasvatuksen näkökulmia opetukseen. Kasvatuksen teoriassa käsittelen konstruktivistista oppimiskäsitystä, jonka mukaan oppiminen on aktiivista ja tavoitteellista toimintaa, jossa oppilas itse rakentaa oman tietonsa. Tästä näkökulmasta tärkeitä ovat monipuoliset ja motivoivat oppimisympäristöt sekä oppilaan luontaista uteliaisuutta ruokkivat työtavat. Korostan myös yhteistoiminnallisen oppimisen menetelmiä, jotka mahdollistavat työskentelyn pienryhmissä siten, että oppilaat pääsevät osallistumaan aktiivisesti ja tasapuolisesti. Videokameran luonnetta työvälineenä käsittelen elokuvateorian näkökulmasta. Nostan esille näkemyksiä, joiden mukaan kamera on erityisesti todellisuuden hahmottamisen väline, jonka katse poikkeaa ihmisen katseesta. Esittelen myös Alexandre Astrucin ajatuksen kamerakynästä, jolla on oma ilmaisuvoimainen kielensä. Liitän nämä ajatukset konstruktivismin kontekstiin: kamera voi olla todellisuuden tutkimisen ja tiedon rakentamisen väline. Teorian ja käytännön kokeilujen pohjalta määrittelen koulutyössä toteutettavalle videokuvaamiselle kolme toiminnallista tavoitetta: tiedon jakamisen, havainnoinnin ja käsittelyn sekä itseilmaisun. Tämän kolmijaon perusteella opetusta on mahdollista suunnitella ja arvioida. Koko tutkimuksen taustalla on huoli audiovisuaalisen mediakulttuurin keskeisten kansalaistaitojen toteutumisesta. Koska tämän päivän media on kiinteä osa yhteiskuntaa, sen päätöksentekoa ja julkista tilaa, on jokaisella kansalaisella oltava siihen vapaa pääsy. Tämä edellyttää taitoja pukea ajatuksiaan mediaviestien muotoon. Jos videokamera on audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin kynä, on sen käyttö kirjoitustaitoon verrattava kansalaistaito.

Tavallisia tarinoita : rivikansalaiset television uutisjutuissa

Tässä opinnäytetyössä käsittelen tavallisia ihmisiä televisiouutisten jutuissa käyttäen esimerkkeinä uutisjuttuja Nelosen ja MTV3:n kotimaan uutisista. Tavoitteeni on tutkia tavallisen ihmisen rooleja ja tehtäviä television uutisjutuissa, sekä tarkastella ”rivikansalaisten” käyttämistä uutisjutuissa toimittajantyön kannalta. Valotan sitä, mitä MTV3 ja Nelonen uutisillaan tavoittelevat, millaisista lähtökohdista kanavat toimivat ja miten kanavien arvot vaikuttavat tavallisten ihmisen esiintymiseen uutisjutuissa. Esittelen ja analysoin erilaisia juttutyyppejä, joissa tavallisia ihmisiä uutisissa esiintyy, pohdin millaisia tarinoita ja sisältöjä heidän kannaltaan kerrotaan ja millaisissa rooleissa he esiintyvät. Pohdin myös sitä, mitä lisäarvoa tavallisilla ihmisillä uutisjuttuihin haetaan ja sitä, voisiko arjen näkökulmaa laajentaa niistä juttutyypeistä, joissa se nyt jo esiintyy. Tarkastelen omien kokemuksieni pohjalta myös, millaisia käytännöllisiä, moraalisia ja journalistisia pulmia ja mahdollisuuksia tavallisten ihmisten käyttämiseen television uutisjutuissa liittyy. Käsittelen myös sitä, mihin tavalliset ihmiset asettuvat uutisten hierarkiassa, ja miten heidän esiintymisensä uutisjutuissa vaikuttaa uutisen objektiivisuuteen. Tavallinen ihminen on uutisjutussa elävöittävä kokija, toimija tai passiivinen toiminnan kohde. Hän voi esiintyä lähes minkä tahansa tyyppisessä uutisjutussa kuvittajana, kommentoijana, uutiskuorman keventäjänä tai jutulle rakenteen antavana tapauksena. Tavalliset ihmiset esiintyvät televisiouutisten gallupeissa tai avaamassa keskustelunaiheita elämäntilanteellaan. Usein he esiintyvät toimittajan tai toimituksen alter egoina, ottavat kantaa asioihin vapaina uutishuoneen objektiivisen totuuden oletusarvosta. Televisio on arkinen, perhekeskeinen ja tasa-arvoinen väline, joka joutuu taistelemaan huomiosta kodin muiden tapahtumien kanssa. Viihtymisen kannalta on olennaista kuvata ihmiskasvoja, tehdä uutisista tarinoita ja tarjota samaistuttavia elementtejä katsojalle. Vaikka monet tutkijat sijoittavat tavallisen ihmisen uutishierarkian alimmalle portaalle, heillä on uutisjutuissa viihdyttäjän osan ohella tärkeä tehtävä totuudenpuhujina.