Letter written by Mahlon Taylor to Samuel Clarke commenting on US troops during Fort George occupation, July 26, 1813

Fort George, situated on the west side of the Niagara River in Niagara-on-the-Lake, served as the headquarters for the Centre Division of the British Army during the War of 1812. On May 25, 1813, the Americans launched an artillery attack on the Fort, destroying most of the buildings. Two days later, the Americans invaded the Town of Niagara and occupied Fort George. They remained in the Fort for almost seven months, but suffered defeats at the Battle of Stoney Creek and Beaver Dams. Only a small number of militia remained stationed at the Fort. Fearing an attack by the British, the Americans retreated back across the Niagara River in December, 1813. The Fort remained in British possession for the rest of the War.

Phonon spectra and temperature variation of thermodynamic properties of fcc metals via Finnis-Sinclair type many body potentials: Sutton-Chen and improved Sutton-Chen models

Volume(density)-independent pair-potentials cannot describe metallic cohesion adequately as the presence of the free electron gas renders the total energy strongly dependent on the electron density. The embedded atom method (EAM) addresses this issue by replacing part of the total energy with an explicitly density-dependent term called the embedding function. Finnis and Sinclair proposed a model where the embedding function is taken to be proportional to the square root of the electron density. Models of this type are known as Finnis-Sinclair many body potentials. In this work we study a particular parametrization of the Finnis-Sinclair type potential, called the "Sutton-Chen" model, and a later version, called the "Quantum Sutton-Chen" model, to study the phonon spectra and the temperature variation thermodynamic properties of fcc metals. Both models give poor results for thermal expansion, which can be traced to rapid softening of transverse phonon frequencies with increasing lattice parameter. We identify the power law decay of the electron density with distance assumed by the model as the main cause of this behaviour and show that an exponentially decaying form of charge density improves the results significantly. Results for Sutton-Chen and our improved version of Sutton-Chen models are compared for four fcc metals: Cu, Ag, Au and Pt. The calculated properties are the phonon spectra, thermal expansion coefficient, isobaric heat capacity, adiabatic and isothermal bulk moduli, atomic root-mean-square displacement and Gr\"{u}neisen parameter. For the sake of comparison we have also considered two other models where the distance-dependence of the charge density is an exponential multiplied by polynomials. None of these models exhibits the instability against thermal expansion (premature melting) as shown by the Sutton-Chen model. We also present results obtained via pure pair potential models, in order to identify advantages and disadvantages of methods used to obtain the parameters of these potentials.

Letter written by Mahlon Taylor to Samuel Clarke commenting on US troops during Fort George occupation - July 26, 1813

A letter written by Mahlon Taylor to his uncle, Samuel Clarke, dated at Marcellus [New York], July 26, 1813. Mahlon Taylor writes that he believes the mail he has sent out is not making it past Princeton, as he has not had a reply to any of his sent correspondence. He also writes that he has heard there are 3500 men at Fort George, 1000 are unfit for duty, and that there is skirmishing daily. He comments that the general opinion is that the troops will withdraw from Canada entirely. The letter is signed Mahlon C Taylor and is addressed to Mr. Samuel Clarke, no. 227 South Front Street, Philadelphia.

St. George's Parish Church, St. Catharines. Jubilee Celebration and Historic and Centenary Review

Inside the front cover H.K. Woodruff has signed the book and there is a label with the name , Mrs. Percy C. Band of Toronto, Ontario. The book contains some images and also has a list of matrimonial records from the St. Marks Church Register.

Indenture of Land Sold by David Secord to George Shaw, Richard Woodruff, Timothy Street, Josiah Brown, Henry Pope

Indenture regarding land sold by David Secord of St. Davids to George Shaw, Richard Woodruff, Timothy Street and Josiah Brown, all of Niagara Township and Reverend Henry Pope of York. The land includes part of Lot no. 90 in the Township of Niagara. September 5, 1820.

Indenture of Land Sold by George Shaw to Richard and William Woodruff

Indenture stating that George Shaw of Niagara sold 1 acre, 2 roods and 1 perch in the Village of St. Davids to Richard and William Woodruff. The price was 66 pounds - instrument no. 6926, June 9, 1824.

Indenture of Conveyance between George Shaw and Richard Woodruff and Company

Indenture of conveyance between George Shaw of the Township of Niagara and Richard Woodruff and Company, merchants of the Township of Niagara, all living in the Village of St. Davids for a share of water ("course of water running in a hole one inch diameter"), April 15, 1825.

Indenture between Stroughton Moore and George Jackson

Indenture of bargain and sale between Stroughton Moore of St. Davids and George Jackson of St. Davids for part of Lot no. 90 in the Township of Niagara - instrument no. 10.818, July 27, 1835.

Indenture between The Honourable George Moffatt and Samuel Street

Indenture (vellum) between The Honourable George Moffatt of Montreal and Samuel Street of Stamford for the sale of 200 acres in Lot no. 12 in the 4th Concession in the Township of Beverly, County of Halton, June 13, 1836.

Indenture between George Jackson and William Woodruff

Indenture of bargain and sale between George Jackson of Saint Davids and William Woodruff of St. Davids regarding the sale of part of Lot no. 90 in the Township of Niagara - instrument no. 12.482, March 21, 1839.

Indenture between George Upper and Joseph Augustus Woodruff

Indenture (vellum) between George Upper of Niagara to Joseph Augustus Woodruff of Niagara for the sale of the west half of lot no. 20 in the 2nd Concession in Nissouri. This was registered March 17, 1853 - instrument no. 113. December 1, 1852.

Indenture (vellum) between George Upper and Joseph Augustus Woodruff

Indenture (vellum) between George Upper of Niagara to Joseph Augustus Woodruff of Niagara for the sale of the east half of lot no. 28 in the 2nd Concession on Nissouri. This was registered March 17, 1853 in folio 128 - instrument no. 114, December 1, 1852.

Indenture between George William Allen and Samuel Zimmerman

Indenture of bargain and sale between George William Allen of Toronto and Samuel Zimmerman of Niagara Falls for 200 acres more or less in Lot no. 13 in the South Concession in the Township of Warwick, May 8, 1856.

Indenture between George Boomer and Fanny Caroline Boomer to John Stannage

Indenture of bargain and sale between George Boomer and Fanny Caroline Boomer of Toronto to John Stannage of St. Catharines regarding 5 acres in Lot no. 13 in the 3rd Concession of Crowland. November 21, 1862.

Indenture between George Hill Field and Jacob M. Field

Indenture of single deed between George Hill Field of the Township of Grimsby and Jacob M. Field of the Township of Grimsby regarding Lot no. 5 in Core A in the Town of Grimsby - instrument no. 3130, November 4, 1863.