Avaliação econômica e produtiva de tilápia do Nilo, revertida e não revertida, na fase de recria

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

ECLAC Notes Nº 2

Preliminary overview of the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 1998 Regional panorama Macroeconomic policy Domestic economic performance External sector Statistical appendix Opinion: The Latin American economy in 1998 Recent titles Calendar

ECLAC Notes Nº 14

Regional panorama Opinion External Sector Dollarization in Ecuador Macroeconomic policy Countries resume economic reforms Domestic economic performance Statistical Appendix Recent Titles Calendar

Argentina: recent dynamics in the software and IT services industry

Includes bibliography.

CEPAL Review no. 95

The emergence of Latin multinationals / Javier Santiso .-- The new urban poverty: global, regional and Argentine dynamics during the last two decades / Gabriel Kessler and María Mercedes Di Virgilio .-- Economic regulation to supplement bidding for public works contracts / Eugenio Rivera Urrutia .-- The relation between foreign-exchange and banking crises in emerging countries: information and expectations problems / Daniel Sotelsek and Lilianne Pavón .-- Mexico’s slow-growth paradox / Carlos Ibarra .-- Globalization and regional development: the economic performance of Chile’s regions, 1990-2002 / Juan Carlos Ramírez J. and Iván Silva Lira .-- The fi nancial protection impact of the public health system and private insurance in Brazil / Antônio M. Bós and Hugh R. Waters .-- The impact of gender discrimination on poverty in Brazil / Rosycler Cristina Santos Simão and Sandro Eduardo Monsueto .-- Bank consolidation and credit concentration in Brazil (1995-2004) / Daniel B. de Castro Almeida and Frederico G. Jayme Jr. .-- Guidelines for contributors to the CEPAL Review .-- Recent ECLAC publications.

The employment situation in Latin America and the Caribbean: Labour productivity and distribution issues

Although the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean grew more slowly in 2011 than in 2010, there were some improvements on the employment front. Workers benefited from the region’s satisfactory economic performance in an increasingly complex international setting. The unemployment rate fell from 7.3% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2011 thanks to a halfpercentage- point gain in the urban employment rate. Both rates are at levels that have not been seen for a long time. The proportion of formal jobs with social benefits rose as well, and underemployment declined. The average wage and the minimum wage both increased in real terms, albeit only moderately. Economic performance and the employment situation varied widely among the subregions. The unemployment rate dropped by 0.6 percentage points in South America but 0.4 percentage points in the countries of the northern part of Latin America. In the countries of the Caribbean, the employment rate was up by 0.2 percentage points. The data show that substantial labour market gaps and serious labour-market insertion issues remain. This is especially the case for women and young people, for whom unemployment rates and other labour indicators are still unfavourable. The second part of this report looks at whether the fruits of economic growth and rising productivity have been distributed equitably between workers and companies. Between 2002 and 2008 (the most recent expansionary economic cycle), wages as a percentage of GDP fell in 13 of the 21 countries of the region for which data are available and rose in just 8. This points to redistribution that is unfavourable to workers, which is worrying in a region which already has the most unequal distribution of income in the world. Underlying this trend is the fact that, worldwide, wages have grown less than productivity. Beyond the ethical dimension of this issue, it jeopardizes the social and economic sustainability of growth. For example, one of the root causes of the recent financial crisis was that households in the United States responded to declining wage income by borrowing more to pay for consumption and housing. This turned out to be unsustainable in the long run. Over time, it undermines the labour market’s contribution to the efficient allocation of resources and its distributive function, too, with negative consequences for democratic governance. Among the triggers of this distributive worsening most often cited in the global debate are market deregulation and its impact on financial globalization, technological change that favours capital over labour, and the weakening of labour institutions. What is needed here is a public policy effort to help keep wage increases from lagging behind increases in productivity. Some countries of the region, especially in South America, saw promising developments during the second half of the 2000s in the form of a positive trend reversal in wages as a percentage of GDP. One example is Brazil, where a minimum wage policy tailored to the dynamics of the domestic market is considered to be one of the factors behind an upturn in the wage share of GDP. The region needs to grow more and better. Productivity must grow at a steady pace, to serve as the basis for sustained improvements in the well-being of the populace and to narrow the gap between the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean and the more advanced economies. And inequality must be decreased; this could be achieved by closing the productivity gap between upgraded companies and the many firms whose productivity is low. As set out in this report, the region made some progress between 2002 and 2010, with labour productivity rising at the rate of 1.5% a year. But this progress falls short of that seen in other regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa (2.1%) and, above all, East Asia (8.3%, not counting Japan and the Republic of Korea). Moreover, in many of the countries of the region these gains have not been distributed equitably. Therein lies a dual challenge that must be addressed: continue to increase productivity while enhancing the mechanisms for distributing gains in a way that will encourage investment and boost worker and household income. The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) estimate that the pace of economic growth in the region will be slightly slower in 2012 than in 2011, in a global economic scenario marked by the cooling of several of the main economic engines and a high degree of uncertainty concerning, above all, prospects for the euro zone. The region is expected to continue to hold up well to this worsening scenario, thanks to policies that leveraged more favourable conditions in the past. This will be felt in the labour markets, as well, so expectations are that unemployment will edge down by as much as two tenths of a decimal point.

Adubação nitrogenada no consórcio milho/braquiárias e efeito sobre o feijão de inverno em sucessão no cerrado

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

The Caribbean and the post-2015 development agenda

This paper will contend that the post-2015 development agenda presents a major opportunity for Caribbean countries to reverse decades of lagging economic performance and make the transition to balanced, holistic, and people-centred growth and development. The MDGs, while valuable in promoting gains in poverty reduction, health, education, nutrition, and maternal well-being were not tailored to the growth and development needs of the region. This can now be changed by a post-2015 development agenda which goes beyond improving the welfare of citizens by meeting basic needs and enhancing access to primary services. The necessary scaling-up of the MDG framework will require that the sustainable development goals, which will anchor the post- 2015 development agenda, are capable of promoting structural change, competitiveness and output gains while advancing social development and meeting environmental concerns. They must also address the unfinished business of the millennium development goals, primarily in the area of human development.

Análise da viabilidade da reciclagem de dejetos de bovinos com tratamento biológico, em sistema intensivo de produção de leite

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

A dinâmica das inovações nas empresas do pólo industrial de Manaus: um novo momento relacionado aos constrangimentos ambientais a partir do ano 2000

Esta Tese tem como objetivo principal corroborar a teoria Neo-Schumpeteriana , que envolve as mudanças técnicas nos processos produtivos das empresas estabelecidas no Pólo Industrial de Manaus – PIM, no que tange a influencia da introdução das inovações e, em particular, das inovações ambientais sobre a medida de concentração de cada pólo industrial (indústria) que compõem o PIM. Os dados da pesquisa compreenderam dois níveis: dados secundários, levantados junto Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus – SUFRAMA – e que se referem à indicadores econômicos de desempenho das empresas, situadas no âmbito do PIM; e dados primários, coletados a partir da aplicação de um questionário às empresas do PIM cadastradas nessa Instituição. Na junção desses dois conjuntos de dados foi elaborada uma análise descritiva referente às variáveis qualitativas abordadas no questionário, além, da aplicação de modelo econométrico – Modelo de Equações Simultâneas – com os dados do questionário e dos indicadores econômicos selecionados. Os resultados obtidos corroboram a hipótese principal levantada no estudo de que as inovações e, em especial aquelas de caráter ambiental, têm efeito significativo e positivo no índice de concentração calculado. Ademais, foi constatado que as empresas consideradas, pela literatura, como poluidoras, são as que mais inovam do ponto de vista ambiental.

Produção de silagem de milho em consórcio com braquiárias e sobressemeadura de aveia para terminação de cordeiros

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Trajetórias de assentamentos rurais: experiências em balanço

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o complexo processo de constituição de oito experências de assentamentos rurais, no tocante ao seu desenvolvimento econômico e político-organizacional, localizados em regiões distintas do Estado de São Paulo. Trajetórias diferenciadas entre si marcam essas experiências, os aspectos organizacionais incidem de forma diferenciada sobre a evolução econômica, não havendo uma relação de causalidade entre desempenho econômico, existência de dissensões e alternativas de organização. Pulverização e competição são fatores presentes na tentativa de construção de um novo modo de vida. Constata-se significativa pressão para que esses novos agricultores se mtegrem ao complexo agroindustnal e ao processo de globalização econômica hoje em curso.

Níveis de alimentação para produção econômica de juvenis de tilápias-do-Nilo em tanques-rede

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Desempenho técnico e econômico da produção de milho e sorgo para silagem e soja em sucessão em sistema irrigado de integração lavoura-pecuária no cerrado

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Sustainable development in the BRICS countries: an efficiency analysis by data envelopment

There is much concern about the social and environmental impacts caused by the economic growth of nations. Thus, to evaluate the socio-economic performance of nations, economists have increasingly addressed matters related to social welfare and the environment. It is within the scope of this context that this work discusses the performance of countries in the BRICS group regarding sustainable development. The objective of this study regards evaluating the efficiency of these countries in transforming productive resources and technological innovation into sustainable development. The proposed objective was achieved by using econometric tools as well as the data envelopment analysis method to then create economic, environmental, and social efficiency rankings for the BRICS countries, which enabled to carry out comparative analyses on the sustainable development of those countries. The results of such assessments can be of interest for more specific scientific explorations.