Stability of a cylindrical plasma in the presence of a monotonic field-II

The stability of an incompressible inviscid, perfectly conducting cylindrical plasma against azimuthal disturbances in the presence of a monotonic decreasing magnetic field having a constant pitch is discussed by using energy principle. The results obtained by this principle are compared for m = 1 mode (which is a dangerous mode in which there is a lateral shift of the entire column) with that obtained by normal mode analysis. It is found that m = 1 mode is always unstable. Further, an axial line current, external axial field and the surface tension tend to stabilise m ≠ modes.

Biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine in mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. II. Purification and properties of acetohydroxy acid isomeras

Acetohydroxy acid isomerase (AHA isomerase) was purified about 110-fold and separated from reductase and acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase. The AHA isomerase was found to be homogeneous by agar and polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses at different pHs. The properties of AHA isomerase have been studied. The purified enzyme showed requirement for l-ascorbic acid and sulfate ions for its activity. Synthetic ascorbic acid sulfate could replace l-ascorbic acid and sulfate. α-Methyllactate and α-ketoisovalerate were found to inhibit AHA isomerase activity competitively whereas l-valine and l-isoleucine had no significant inhibitory effect. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate inhibited AHA isomerase activity and the inhibition was reversed by β-mercaptoethanol.

Global and EU governance for sustainable forest management with special reference to capacity building in Ethiopia and Southern Sudan

The purpose of this study was to produce information on and practical recommendations for informed decision-making on and capacity building for sustainable forest management (SFM) and good forest governance. This was done within the overall global framework for sustainable development with special emphasis on the EU and African frameworks and on Southern Sudan and Ethiopia in particular. The case studies on Southern Sudan and Ethiopia focused on local, national and regional issues. Moreover, this study attempted to provide both theoretical and practical new insight. The aim was to build an overall theoretical framework and to study its key contents and main implications for SFM and good forest governance at all administration levels, for providing new tools for capacity building in natural resources management. The theoretical framework and research approach were based on the original research problem and the general and specific aims of the study. The key elements of the framework encompass sustainable development, global and EU governance, sustainable forest management (SFM), good forest governance, as well as international and EU law. The selected research approach comprised matrix-based assessment of international, regional (EU and Africa) and national (Southern Sudan and Ethiopia) policy and legal documents. The specific case study on Southern Sudan also involved interviews and group discussions with local community members and government officials. As a whole, this study attempted to link the global, regional, national and local levels in forest-sector development and especially to analyse how the international policy development in environmental and forestry issues is reflected in field-level progress towards SFM and good forest governance, for the specific cases of Southern Sudan and Ethiopia. The results on Southern Sudan focused on the existing situation and perceived needs in capacity building for SFM and good forest governance at all administration levels. Specifically, the results of the case study on Southern Sudan presented the current situation in selected villages in the northern parts of Renk County in Upper Nile State, and the implications of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and of the new forest policy framework for capacity building actions. The results on Ethiopia focused on training, extension, research, education and new curriculum development within higher education institutions and particularly at the Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources (WGCF-NR), which administratively lies under Hawassa University. The results suggest that, for both cases studies, informed decision-making on and capacity building for SFM and good forest governance require comprehensive, long-term, cross-sectoral, coherent and consistent approaches within the dynamic and evolving overall global framework, including its multiple inter-linked levels. The specific priority development and focus areas comprised the establishment of SFM and good forest governance in accordance with the overall sustainable development priorities and with more focus on the international trade in forest products that are derived from sustainable and legal sources with an emphasis on effective forest law enforcement and governance at all levels. In Upper Nile State in Southern Sudan there were positive development signals such as the will of the local people to plant more multipurpose trees on farmlands and range lands as well as the recognition of the importance of forests and trees for sustainable rural development where food security is a key element. In addition, it was evident that the local communities studied in Southern Sudan also wanted to establish good governance systems through partnerships with all actors and through increased local responsibilities. The results also suggest that the implementation of MEAs at the local level in Southern Sudan requires mutually supportive and coherent approaches within the agreements as well as significantly more resources and financial and technical assistance for capacity building, training and extension. Finally, the findings confirm the importance of full utilization of the existing local governance and management systems and their traditional and customary knowledge and practices, and of new development partnerships with full participation of all stakeholders. The planned new forest law for Southern Sudan, based on an already existing new forest policy, is expected to recognize the roles of local-level actors, and it would thus obviously facilitate the achieving of sustainable forest management.

Spectrophotometric and potentiometric investigations of copper (II)-ethanolamine complexes - Part I. Monoethanolamine

Spectrophotometric and potentiometric investigations have been carried out on copper-monoethanolamine complexes. Job plots at 920, 760 and 620 mµ have indicated the formation of CuA++, CuA2/++ and CuA3 ++. The$$\bar n - pA$$ curves have been obtained by a slight modification of the method of corresponding solutions and by pH measurements. The$$\bar n$$ vs. pA curves obtained at different metal concentrations coincide indicating the formation of mononuclear complexes. Experiments conducted with 0·1. 0·2, 0·5 and 1·0 M monoethanolammonium ion indicate the formation of mononuclear hydroxy complexes above pH 6. The nature of E m vs pA curves is closely analogous to that of$$\bar n$$ vs. pA curves. Absorption spectra taken at pH 9·8 with different amounts of monoethanolamine has given evidence for the formation of (CuA3OH·A)+.$$\bar n - pA$$ curves have been analyzed and the values ofβ 1, 1,β 1, 2 andβ 1, 3 have been obtained. Curves showing the distribution of complexes and the absorption curves of the individual complexes (CuA++, CuA2/++, and CuA3/++) have been calculated.

Cu(II) complexes of 1-benzyl-2-phenyl-benzimidazole

Copper(II) complexes of 1-benzyl-2-phenylbenzimidazole (BPBI) of the general formula Cu(BPBI)2X2, nH2O [X= Cl-, Br-, NO3 or OAc- (n = O) and X = NO3- or 1 2SO42-(n = 2H2O)] have been prepared. The complexes are found to be nonelectrolytes in nitrobenzene. Conductivity in nonaqueous media, magnetic susceptibilities and i.r. and electronic spectra of the complexes are reported. A tetragonally distorted octahedral structure has been suggested for these complexes.

Studies on the enzyme hydrolysing flavin mononucleotide in plants: II. Phosphotransferase activity of the partially purified enzyme from Phaseolus radiatus

The preparation of the enzyme hydrolysing FMN whose partial purification from green-gram extracts is described in the preceding paper, has been shown to possess phosphotransferase activity. The enzyme could transfer the phosphate group cleaved from FMN to acceptors like thiamine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and nucleosides resulting in the formation of their corresponding phosphate esters and nucleotides. The properties of the enzyme hydrolysing FMN and the phosphotransferase activity of the preparation are compared.

Studies on the nucleolus -II.The persisting nucleoli of Cicer arietinum Linn.

The behaviour of the nucleoli from mitotic prophase till the end of telophase is illustrated. Since at prophase, the SAT-threads appear embedded in the nucleolar matrix, their orientation in the mass and the rate of dissolution of the latter would determine whether this relationship would continue till meta- or ana-phase. The persistence of the nucleoli-SAT association often till anaphase indicates that the movement of such nucleoli on the spindle is governed by that of the SAT-chromosomes.

Aspects of tautomerism. Part II. Reactions of the pseudo-acid chloride of o-benzoylbenzoic acid with nucleophiles

Reactions of fourteen nucleophiles with the pseudo-acid chloride of o-benzoylbenzoic acid in two solvents have been studied. The nucleophiles that react primarily at the tetrahedral carbon atom to give pseudo derivatives, are weaker than those that react at the carbonyl carbon atom causing opening of the lactone ring. An explanation for this phenomenon is advanced.

Search for the Decays B(s)0→e+μ- and B(s)0→e+e- in CDF Run II

We report results from a search for the lepton flavor violating decays $B^0_{(s)}\to e^+\mu^-$, and the flavor-changing neutral-current decays $B^0_{(s)} \to e^+ e^-$. The analysis uses data corresponding to ${\rm 2 fb^{-1}}$ of integrated luminosity of $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96 {\rm TeV}$ collected with the upgraded Collider Detector (CDF II) at the Fermilab Tevatron. The observed number of $B^0_{(s)}$ candidates is consistent with background expectations. The resulting Bayesian upper limits on the branching ratios at 90% credibility level are $\mathcal{B}(B^0_s \to e^{+}\mu^{-}) e^{+}\mu^{-})e^{+}\mu^{-}) 47.8 {\rm TeV/c^2}$, and ${M_{LQ}}(B^0\to e^+ \mu^-) > 59.3 {\rm TeV/c^2}$, at 90% credibility level.

Raman spectra of crystalline double sulphates Part II. Ammonium double sulphates

Raman spectra of single crystals of (NH4)2M(SO4)2·6 H2O where M=Mg, Zn Ni or Co have been recorded using λ 2537 excitation. Interesting results concerning the substitution of the divalent atoms in the double sulphate lattice on the sulphate and ammonium frequencies are observed. The spectra of these double sulphates are discussed in the light of the known crystal structure details and in relation, to the spectra of the corresponding potassium double sulphates, reported recently by the author. The Raman spectrum of NaNH4SO4·2 H2O has also been recorded for the first time and the results obtained are also included.

Nitrosation of N,N′-ethylenebis-(acetylacetoneimine) complexes of copper (II) and nickel(II) and characterization of the products

Isonitroso derivatives of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes of N,N′-ethylenebis(acetylacetoneimine) have been prepared by nitrosation of the respective complexes using nitric oxide as well as nitrite ion. The condensation of isonitrosoacetylacetone in the presence and in the absence of nickel(II) has been investigated. The i.r. and electronic spectra and magnetic moment of the nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes have been studied. The nature of bonding of the ligand to the metal ion is discussed. The complexes have planar structures.

Polarisation studies on the Raman spectra of cubic crystals - Part II: Calcium fluoride and potassium aluminium sulphate

Polarisation characters of the Raman lines of calcium fluoride (fluorspar) and potassium aluminium sulphate (alum) were investigated under the following conditions. Unpolarised light was incident normally on a face of the crystal making an angle 22.5° with a cubic face and the light scattered transversely along a cubic axis was analysed by a double image prism kept with its principal axes inclined at 45° to the vertical. Under these conditions the depolarisation factors of the Raman lines belonging to the totally symmetric (A), the doubly degenerate (E) and the triply degenerate (F) modes should be respectively =1, >1 and <1. The characteristic Raman line of CaF2 at 322 cm-1 exhibited a depolarisation value less than 1, showing thereby that the corresponding mode is a triply degenerate one (F). The Raman lines observed in the spectrum of K-alum were also classified and the results were compared with those given by previous investigators using standard crystal orientations.