Gestión del bosque mediterráneo y conservación de la avifauna: el caso de los alcornocales

Se presentan los resultados de los diversos estudios de poblaciones de aves realizados en los alcornocales catalanes, especialmente en cuanto a la riqueza específica de los mismos. Dado que los estudios publicados hasta el momento en esta materia eran referidos a la estación reproductora (primavera), se señalan los datos recogidos en los alcornocales de les Gavarres (NE peninsular), durante la estación invernal. Asimismo, se analizan las diversas tipologías de alcornocales que se encuentran en Catalunya, bosques en gestión activa, y por tanto sin sotobosque, y bosques abandonados en los que la biomasa del sotobosque es máxi-ma, y se exponen los resultados de la comparativa entre ambas tipologías de explotación cuando se aplica un índice de conservación de la avifauna, basado en la riqueza de cada una de las especies registradas, la presencia de especies amenazadas según los criterios de la UICN (SPEC) y su categoría de amenaza (non-SPEC, SPEC 4, SPEC 3, SPEC 2 y SPEC 1). Los resultados obtenidos muestran como las explotaciones abandonadas tienen un índice de conservación de avifauna más elevado que los bosques en explotación activa. Se discuten es-tos resultados en el contexto de la gestión forestal y las ayudas recibidas por parte de las ad-ministraciones para llevar a cabo estas prácticas de gestión

Health consultation : Sub-Slab Gas and Air Sampling Data Alcoa – Davenport Works CERCLIS No. IAD005270160 Riverdale, Scott County, Iowa (2005)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Alcoa – Davenport Works Facility (Alcoa), and concerned citizens and community leaders of Riverdale, Iowa requested the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) Hazardous Waste Site Health Assessment Program to evaluate the health impacts of exposures to volatile organic vapors detected within residences located immediately to the west of the Alcoa property. This health consultation addresses inhalation exposure to individuals that may have occupied the currently vacant residences in which the air sampling was completed.

07033-013 Dry Run Creek Sub-watershed Final Report

This watershed project will provide technical and financial assistance to improve surface and groundwater quality. This will be accomplished by installing an alternative tile outlet for 3 agricultural drainage wells (ADWs) and providing incentives to implement nutrient and pest management.

Simulating maize yield in sub‑tropical conditions of southern Brazil using Glam model

The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of simulating maize yield in a sub‑tropical region of southern Brazil using the general large area model (Glam). A 16‑year time series of daily weather data were used. The model was adjusted and tested as an alternative for simulating maize yield at small and large spatial scales. Simulated and observed grain yields were highly correlated (r above 0.8; p<0.01) at large scales (greater than 100,000 km²), with variable and mostly lower correlations (r from 0.65 to 0.87; p<0.1) at small spatial scales (lower than 10,000 km²). Large area models can contribute to monitoring or forecasting regional patterns of variability in maize production in the region, providing a basis for agricultural decision making, and Glam‑Maize is one of the alternatives.

Interferência da disponibilidade de luz na resposta à adubação de plantios de enriquecimento com leguminosas arbóreas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interferência da disponibilidade de luz na resposta à adubação de plantios de enriquecimento da capoeira com leguminosas arbóreas. As espécies Hymenaea courbaril, Stryphnodendron guianense, Parkia platycephala e Stryphnodendron microstachyum foram plantadas em capoeira, sob três tratamentos de fertilização: adubação orgânica, adubação orgânica acrescida de mineral e ausência de adubação. A disponibilidade de luz condicionou a resposta de P. platycephala e H. courbaril à fertilização. A aleatorização não foi suficiente para garantir condições semelhantes de luz nos plantios de enriquecimento. A variação na quantidade de luz incidente no sub‑bosque compromete a correta avaliação dos tratamentos de fertilização.

Longer term clinical and virological outcome of sub-Saharan African participants on antiretroviral treatment in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES: Persons from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are increasingly enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). Cohorts from other European countries showed higher rates of viral failure among their SSA participants. We analyzed long-term outcomes of SSA versus North Western European participants. DESIGN: We analyzed data of the SHCS, a nation-wide prospective cohort study of HIV-infected adults at 7 sites in Switzerland. METHODS: SSA and North Western European participants were included if their first treatment combination consisted of at least 3 antiretroviral drugs (cART), if they had at least 1 follow-up visit, did not report active injecting drug use, and did not start cART with CD4 counts >200 cells per microliter during pregnancy. Early viral response, CD4 cell recovery, viral failure, adherence, discontinuation from SHCS, new AIDS-defining events, and survival were analyzed using linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: The proportion of participants from SSA within the SHCS increased from 2.6% (<1995) to 20.8% (2005-2009). Of 4656 included participants, 808 (17.4%) were from SSA. Early viral response (6 months) and rate of viral failure in an intent-to-stay-on-cART approach were similar. However, SSA participants had a higher risk of viral failure on cART (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.50 to 2.75). Self-reported adherence was inferior for SSA. There was no increase of AIDS-defining events or mortality in SSA participants. CONCLUSIONS: Increased attention must be given to factors negatively influencing adherence to cART in participants from SSA to guarantee equal longer-term results on cART.

[Magnificentiores selectioresque Urbis Venetiarum prospectus quos olim Michael Marieschi, Venetus pictor et architectus in plerisque tabulis depinxit, nunc vero ab ipsomet acurate delineante, incidente, tyspisque mandante, iterum in sexdecim aereis tabulis in lucem aeduntur]. [12], Templum S: Mariae Salutis Cleric: Regul: Congregationis a Somascha, cum eorumdem Coenobio ad laevam, e Divi Gregorii Templo hinc ad dexteram sub Abbatis ditione. : [estampe] / Mich.l Marieschi del.t et inci.t

Référence bibliographique : Toledano, Marieschi, 19c

Spatially varying selection shapes life history clines among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from sub-Saharan Africa.

Clines in life history traits, presumably driven by spatially varying selection, are widespread. Major latitudinal clines have been observed, for example, in Drosophila melanogaster, an ancestrally tropical insect from Africa that has colonized temperate habitats on multiple continents. Yet, how geographic factors other than latitude, such as altitude or longitude, affect life history in this species remains poorly understood. Moreover, most previous work has been performed on derived European, American and Australian populations, but whether life history also varies predictably with geography in the ancestral Afro-tropical range has not been investigated systematically. Here, we have examined life history variation among populations of D. melanogaster from sub-Saharan Africa. Viability and reproductive diapause did not vary with geography, but body size increased with altitude, latitude and longitude. Early fecundity covaried positively with altitude and latitude, whereas lifespan showed the opposite trend. Examination of genetic variance-covariance matrices revealed geographic differentiation also in trade-off structure, and QST -FST analysis showed that life history differentiation among populations is likely shaped by selection. Together, our results suggest that geographic and/or climatic factors drive adaptive phenotypic differentiation among ancestral African populations and confirm the widely held notion that latitude and altitude represent parallel gradients.

Análisis de tres técnicas de preparación mecánica del terreno empleadas en suelos húmedos del bosque boreal de Alberta (Canadá)

El principal tratamiento selvícola utilizado en Canadá para el aprovechamiento maderero de los bosques es la corta a hecho. La regeneración natural de la cubierta arbórea en lugares húmedos y fríos del bosque boreal tras las cortas es muy defectuosa debido a las duras condiciones climáticas que reinan en estas zonas y la gran acumulación de materia orgánica en el suelo. Por ello, la preparación del terreno seguida de plantación es la práctica más extendida en el bosque boreal canadiense. En este artículo se analizan tres técnicas de preparación mecánica del terreno que se usan frecuentemente en la provincia de Alberta, Canadá, describiendo, en primer lugar, los lugares de plantación que crean, y, en segundo lugar, los cambios en las propiedades físicas del suelo que se inducen para mejorar las condiciones de establecimiento y crecimiento de las plantas introducidas.

Estructura espacial de un ecotono bosque subalpino pastos alpinos en el Tessó de Son (Pirineos Centrales) formado por bandas altitudinales de árboles

El límite altitudinal del bosque y los pastos alpinos forman los límites inferior y superior del ecotono bosque subalpino-pastos alpinos, respectivamente. El objetivo es la descripción espacial de este ecotono, en un sitio poco afectado por perturbaciones humanas locales (Tessó, 42° 36' N, 01° 03' E), para inferir los procesos que generaron su estructura espacial. Este ecotono está compuesto por Pinus uncinata y su límite altitudinal se sitúa a -2350 m snm. Se midieron la localización (coordenadas x e y) y varias características (diámetros en la base -Db- y a 1,3 m -Dbh-, altura, edad estimada, etc.) para cada árbol dentro de una parcela rectangular (30 m x 140 m) paralela a la máxima pendiente y cruzando el ecotono. La estructura espacial se describió mediante cuatro grupos de técnicas:(i) análisis del patrón de puntos, (ii) análisis del patrón de superficies, (iii) detección y descripción de fronteras (lattice-wombling), y (iv) ordenación de 115 cuadrados de 6 m x 6 m en que se subdividió la parcela de acuerdo a su posición en el ecotono y al tipo de individuos de P. uncinata (adultos, jóvenes, vástagos, plántulas y muertos) y de plantas (arbustos y herbáceas) que contenían. El límite del bosque se sitúa bajo el límite forestal potencial marcado por la isoterma de 10 ºC para la temperatura media del mes más cálido. A lo largo de la pendiente, las plántulas de P. uncinata aparecen por encima del límite del árbol, donde predomina Dryas octopetala, mientras que los individuos grandes (adultos) aparecen cerca o dentro del bosque, con un sotobosque dominado por densas matas de Rhododendron ferrugineum acompañadas por Vaccinium myrtillus sobre un sustrato de materia orgánica. La ordenación confirma estos resultados colocando a los individuos muertos en una posición intermedia. La variación a lo largo del ecotono de diversas variables ...

High blood pressure in Sub-Saharan Africa: why prevention, detection, and control are urgent and important

In 2010, hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa was theleading risk for death, incr easing by 67% since 1990.Hypertension was estimated to cause more than500,000 deaths and 10 million years of life lost in2010 in Sub-Saharan Africa. It was also the sixthleading risk for disability (contributing to more than 11million disability-adjusted life years).3In Sub-Saharan Africa, stroke, the major clinical outcome of uncon-trolled hypertension, has increased 46% since 1990 tobecome the fifth leading risk for death.

Clinico-Pathological discrepancies in the Diagnosis of Causes of Maternal Death in Sub-Saharan Africa: Retrospective Analysis

Background Maternal mortality is a major public-health problem in developing countries. Extreme differences in maternal mortality rates between developed and developing countries indicate that most of these deaths are preventable. Most information on the causes of maternal death in these areas is based on clinical records and verbal autopsies. Clinical diagnostic errors may play a significant role in this problem and might also have major implications for the evaluation of current estimations of causes of maternal death. Methods and Findings A retrospective analysis of clinico-pathologic correlation was carried out, using necropsy as the gold standard for diagnosis. All maternal autopsies (n ¼ 139) during the period from October 2002 to December 2004 at the Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique were included and major diagnostic discrepancies were analyzed (i.e., those involving the cause of death). Major diagnostic errors were detected in 56 (40.3%) maternal deaths. A high rate of false negative diagnoses was observed for infectious diseases, which showed sensitivities under 50%: HIV/AIDS-related conditions (33.3%), pyogenic bronchopneumonia (35.3%), pyogenic meningitis (40.0%), and puerperal septicemia (50.0%). Eclampsia, was the main source of false positive diagnoses, showing a low predictive positive value (42.9%). Conclusions Clinico-pathological discrepancies may have a significant impact on maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and question the validity of reports based on clinical data or verbal autopsies. Increasing clinical awareness of the impact of obstetric and nonobstetric infections with their inclusion in the differential diagnosis, together with a thorough evaluation of cases clinically thought to be eclampsia, could have a significant impact on the reduction of maternal mortality.