Report of recommendations to the Iowa Department of Education, Division of Vocational Rehabilitation Services, June 30, 2007

Report on the Iowa Department of Education, Division of Vocational Rehabilitation Services for the year ended June 30, 2007

The effect of sub-lethal doses of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) oil on the midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the major field pests for maize production. It is mainly controlled by means of synthetic, and more recently by resistant cultivar of maize expressing Bt toxins. The neem tree, Azadirachta indica, is a plant that can potentially control insects with the advantage of being food and environmental safe. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of neem oil on the development and survival of S. frugiperda caterpillars by assessing histological alterations caused on their midgut. Newly hatched caterpillars were submitted to three neem oil concentrations: 0.006; 0.05; 0.4%, which were added to their artificial diet. Ten 3rd instar caterpillars, taken from each treatment, were submitted to histological analysis. The alimentary canals from the specimens were fixed in Baker for 12 hours, desiccated and diaphanized in alcohol/xylol (1:1) and xylol. After placing the samples in paraffin, they were sliced in 8 µm sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain. The neem oil added to the diet of S. frugiperda caused total mortality at dose of 0.4% whilst still in the first instars, prolonged the larval and pupal stages, and reduced the pupal weight. Histo-physiological alterations such as degeneration of the epithelial lining of the midgut and in the peritrophic matrix were found at all concentrations of neem oil.

Division & Commission on the Status of Iowans of Asian and Pacific Islander HeritagePerformance Plan, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Division & Commission on the Status of Iowans of Asian and Pacific Islander Heritage

Division & Commission on the Status of Iowans of Asian and Pacific Islander Heritage Performance Plan, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Division & Commission on the Status of Iowans of Asian and Pacific Islander Heritage

Department of Commerce - Alcoholic Beverages Division Performance Plan, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Department of Commerce - Alcoholic Beverages Division

Department of Commerce - Division of Banking Performance Plan, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Department of Commerce - Division of Banking

Department of Commerce - Credit Union Division Performance Plan, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Department of Commerce - Credit Union Division

Department of Human Rights – Division of Central Administration Performance Plan, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Department of Human Rights – Division of Central Administration

Division of Criminal and Juvenile Justice Planning, Department of Human Rights Performance Plan, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Division of Criminal and Juvenile Justice Planning, Department of Human Rights

Department of Human Rights, Division of Community Action Agencies Performance Plan, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Department of Human Rights, Division of Community Action Agencies

Division of Persons with Disabilities Performance Plan, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Division of Persons with Disabilities

Department of Human Rights – Division on the Status of African Americans Performance Plan, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Department of Human Rights – Division on the Status of African Americans

Homeland Security and Emergency Management Division Performance Plan, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Homeland Security and Emergency Management Division

Department of Human Rights Division of Latino Affairs, FY 2009

Agency Performance Plan, Department of Human Rights Division of Latino Affairs