O acesso à habitação no Brasil em tempos de capitalismo financeirizado : uma análise do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Serviço Social, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Política Social, 2016.

Life Cycle of Deccan Trap Magma Chambers: A Crystal Scale Elemental and Strontium Isotopic Investigation

The Deccan Trap basalts are the remnants of a massive series of lava flows that erupted at the K/T boundary and covered 1-2 million km2 of west-central India. This eruptive event is of global interest because of its possible link to the major mass extinction event, and there is much debate about the duration of this massive volcanic event. In contrast to isotopic or paleomagnetic dating methods, I explore an alternative approach to determine the lifecycle of the magma chambers that supplied the lavas, and extend the concept to obtain a tighter constraint on Deccan’s duration. My method relies on extracting time information from elemental and isotopic diffusion across zone boundary in an individual crystal. I determined elemental and Sr-isotopic variations across abnormally large (2-5 cm) plagioclase crystals from the Thalghat and Kashele “Giant Plagioclase Basalts” from the lowermost Jawhar and Igatpuri Formations respectively in the thickest Western Ghats section near Mumbai. I also obtained bulk rock major, trace and rare earth element chemistry of each lava flow from the two formations. Thalghat flows contain only 12% zoned crystals, with 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7096 in the core and 0.7106 in the rim, separated by a sharp boundary. In contrast, all Kashele crystals have a wider range of 87Sr/86Sr values, with multiple zones. Geochemical modeling of the data suggests that the two types of crystals grew in distinct magmatic environments. Modeling intracrystalline diffusive equilibration between the core and rim of Thalghat crystals led me to obtain a crystal growth rate of 2.03x10-10 cm/s and a residence time of 780 years for the crystals in the magma chamber(s). Employing some assumptions based on field and geochronologic evidence, I extrapolated this residence time to the entire Western Ghats and obtained an estimate of 25,000 – 35,000 years for the duration of Western Ghats volcanism. This gave an eruptive rate of 30 – 40 km3/yr, which is much higher than any presently erupting volcano. This result will remain speculative until a similarly detailed analytical-modeling study is performed for the rest of the Western Ghats formations.

Metabolically healthy obesity across the life course: epidemiology, determinants and implications

In recent years, different subphenotypes of obesity have been described, including metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), in which a proportion of obese individuals, despite excess body fat, remain free of metabolic abnormalities and increased cardiometabolic risk. In the absence of a universally accepted set of criteria to classify MHO, the reported prevalence estimates vary widely. Our understanding of the determinants and stability of MHO over time and the associated cardiometabolic and mortality risks is improving, but many questions remain. For example, whether MHO is truly benign is debatable, and whether risk stratification of obese individuals on the basis of their metabolic health status may offer new opportunities for more personalized approaches in diagnosis, intervention, and treatment of diabetes remains speculative. Furthermore, as most of the research to date has focused on MHO in adults, little is known about childhood MHO. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology, determinants, stability, and health implications of MHO across the life course.

PRISM (Polarized Radiation Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission): an extended white paper

PRISM (Polarized Radiation Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) was proposed to ESA in May 2013 as a large-class mission for investigating within the framework of the ESA Cosmic Vision program a set of important scientific questions that require high res- olution, high sensitivity, full-sky observations of the sky emission at wavelengths ranging from millimeter-wave to the far-infrared. PRISM’s main objective is to explore the distant universe, probing cosmic history from very early times until now as well as the structures, distribution of matter, and velocity flows throughout our Hubble volume. PRISM will survey the full sky in a large number of frequency bands in both intensity and polarization and will measure the absolute spectrum of sky emission more than three orders of magnitude bet- ter than COBE FIRAS. The data obtained will allow us to precisely measure the absolute sky brightness and polarization of all the components of the sky emission in the observed frequency range, separating the primordial and extragalactic components cleanly from the galactic and zodiacal light emissions. The aim of this Extended White Paper is to provide a more detailed overview of the highlights of the new science that will be made possible by PRISM, which include: (1) the ultimate galaxy cluster survey using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) e↵ect, detecting approximately 106 clusters extending to large redshift, including a char- acterization of the gas temperature of the brightest ones (through the relativistic corrections to the classic SZ template) as well as a peculiar velocity survey using the kinetic SZ e↵ect that comprises our entire Hubble volume; (2) a detailed characterization of the properties and evolution of dusty galaxies, where the most of the star formation in the universe took place, the faintest population of which constitute the di↵use CIB (Cosmic Infrared Background); (3) a characterization of the B modes from primordial gravity waves generated during inflation and from gravitational lensing, as well as the ultimate search for primordial non-Gaussianity using CMB polarization, which is less contaminated by foregrounds on small scales than thetemperature anisotropies; (4) a search for distortions from a perfect blackbody spectrum, which include some nearly certain signals and others that are more speculative but more informative; and (5) a study of the role of the magnetic field in star formation and its inter- action with other components of the interstellar medium of our Galaxy. These are but a few of the highlights presented here along with a description of the proposed instrument.

ALGUNOS FACTORES QUE INCIDEN EN LA VALORACION DEL SUELO URBANO

Este ensayo tuvo como finalidad primordial señalar la importancia que encierra, para fines planificadores, el conocimiento de la distribución de los valores del suelo dentro de un área urbana determinada. Asi tomada como el area de estudio; el distrito 1 o el Carmen, y localizada en la porción noroeste de la ciudad capital de Costa Rica, toda una serie de factores o variables que presentan gran relevancia en la fijación de valores para su suelo, fuero fijados y analizados, una vez caracterizada el area bajo análisis. En búsqueda de un modelo que se adapte a tal situación, se realizo una revisión bibliográfica y los principios modelo sobre el valor del suelo fueron presentados. Con los datos e informaciones recibidos en las diferentes instituciones mencionadas a lo largo del trabajo, y con el material recopilado en el campo, se llevo a cabo una cuantificación de los mismos, principalmente mediante el uso de un sistema de clasificación del dato esencial (valor del suelo) y, posteriormente, una serie de correlaciones –regresiones, simples y múltiples-, fue realizada con el fin de comprobarlas hipótesis planteadas y  con ello llegar a un análisis de los resultados obtenidos que permitiese brindar algunas recomendaciones al respecto. Otra finalidad de este consiste en demostrar la importancia del trabajo del geógrafo en el proceso  de la fijación de los valores para el terreno, sea urbano, sea rural, y cualquiera sea el fin que persiga: valores fiscales, valores reales, comerciales y, por qué no, hasta especulativos. SUMARY The main objetive of this investigation is to demonstrate the importance of the distribution of land values in an urban area in regards to the planning process. The chosen study area is the first district (Carmen) located in the northeast section of  the capital city of San José. Once the study area had been chosen, a series of factors and variables relavant to the fixation of land values, were chosen and analyzed. In the search for a model that could be adapted to the situation, a bibliographic revision was made concerning the topic of land values, and a list of possible land values, and a list of possible land value models was presented. In was possible to quantify the data information obtained from the different institutions mentioned in the investigation as well as from the material collected in the field; principally by means of a classification system of essential data ( land values), and later, series of simple and multiple correlation regressions were applied with the primary purpose being to confirm  the main hypothesis and then, arrive at an analysis of the obtained results that permit respective recommendations. Another purpose of the investigation consisted in demonstrating the importance of the geographer in the process of determining urban and rural land values and even for speculative purposes.