Helical tomotherapy versus 3D conformal radiotherapy in dosimetric planning for patients with localized prostate cancer

Radiotherapy is one of the therapeutics selected for localized prostate cancer, in cases where the tumour is confined to the prostate, penetrates the prostatic capsule or has reached the seminal vesicles (T1 to T3 stages). The radiation therapy can be administered through various modalities, being historically used the 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Other modality of radiation administration is the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), that allows an increase of the total dose through modulation of the treatment beams, enabling a reduction in toxicity. One way to administer IMRT is through helical tomotherapy (TH). With this study we intent to analyze the advantages of helical tomotherapy when compared with 3DCRT, by evaluating the doses in the organs at risk (OAR) and planning target volumes (PTV).

Dimensionamento sísmico de um edifício de betão armado segundo os eurocódigos: verificação segundo o eurocódigo 8 parte 3

Trabalho de Dissertação de Natureza Científica para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Moradia no centro histórico do Montijo: reabilitação vs construção nova

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Edificações

Optimal location of supports in beam structures using genetic algorithms

Real structures can be thought as an assembly of components, as for instances plates, shells and beams. This later type of component is very commonly found in structures like frames which can involve a significant degree of complexity or as a reinforcement element of plates or shells. To obtain the desired mechanical behavior of these components or to improve their operating conditions when rehabilitating structures, one of the eventual parameters to consider for that purpose, when possible, is the location of the supports. In the present work, a beam-type structure is considered, and for a set of cases concerning different number and types of supports, as well as different load cases, the authors optimize the location of the supports in order to obtain minimum values of the maximum transverse deflection. The optimization processes are carried out using genetic algorithms. The results obtained, clearly show a good performance of the approach proposed. © 2014 IEEE.

How short and light can a simple pendulum be for classroom use?

We compare the period of oscillation of an ideal simple pendulum with the period of a more 'real' pendulum constituted of a rigid sphere and a rigid slender rod. We determine the relative error in the calculation of the local acceleration of gravity if the period of the ideal pendulum is use?d instead of the period of this real pendulum. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd..

A study on the modeling of sandwich functionally graded particulate composites

Dual-phase functionally graded materials are a particular type of composite materials whose properties are tailored to vary continuously, depending on its two constituent's composition distribution, and which use is increasing on the most diverse application fields. These materials are known to provide superior thermal and mechanical performances when compared to the traditional laminated composites, exactly because of this continuous properties variation characteristic, which enables among other advantages smoother stresses distribution profile. In this paper we study the influence of different homogenization schemes, namely the schemes due to Voigt, Hashin-Shtrikman and Mod-Tanaka, which can be used to obtain bounds estimates for the material properties of particulate composite structures. To achieve this goal we also use a set of finite element models based on higher order shear deformation theories and also on first order theory. From the studies carried out, on linear static analyses and on free vibration analyses, it is shown that the bounds estimates are as important as the deformation kinematics basis assumed to analyse these types of multifunctional structures. Concerning to the homogenization schemes studied, it is shown that Mori-Tanaka and Hashin-Shtrikman estimates lead to less conservative results when compared to Voigt rule of mixtures.

Laser surfasse patterning using a Michelson interferometer and a femtosecond laser radiation

We report on a simple method to obtain surface gratings using a Michelson interferometer and femtosecond laser radiation. In the optical setup used, two parallel laser beams are generated using a beam splitter and then focused using the same focusing lens. An interference pattern is created in the focal plane of the focusing lens, which can be used to pattern the surface of materials. The main advantage of this method is that the optical paths difference of the interfering beams is independent of the distance between the beams. As a result, the fringes period can be varied without a need for major realignment of the optical system and the time coincidence between the interfering beams can be easily monitored. The potential of the method was demonstrated by patterning surface gratings with different periods on titanium surfaces in air.

Projecto de obras de arte especiais pré-fabricadas: viaduto

Trabalho de Projecto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em Estruturas

Reforço de estruturas de betão armado com CFRP

Ao longo dos anos as estruturas existentes têm sido adaptadas para novas utilizações. No entanto, devido aos condicionalismos arquitetónicos e patrimoniais, a demolição e substituição por estruturas novas, pode-se tornar pouco viável, sendo cada vez mais exequível a opção de reforçar. A presente dissertação refere-se a uma dessas opções de reforço nomeadamente ao reforço de estruturas em betão armado com CFRP (Compósitos Reforçados com Fibras de Carbono), nomeadamente lajes e vigas. Os objetivos principais deste trabalho consistem em desenvolver uma proposta de critérios de dimensionamento de estruturas de betão armado reforçadas com CFRP tendo por base o disposto no Eurocódigo 2 comparando -a com o relatório técnico publicado “bulletin 14 - Externally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC structures”, da Fédération Internationale du Béton. Recorrendo à revisão bibliográfica, onde estão referidos temas como as características dos materiais de um sistema FRP, as suas técnicas de reforço e com uma exposição do comportamento das vigas reforçadas à flexão, particularmente no seu comportamento mecânico e modos de ruína associados a este tipo de reforço. Apresentam-se duas metodologias de cálculo para dimensionamento deste tipo de reforço para os diferentes estados limites, e aplicam-se a cada uma das metodologias de cálculo a uma viga com necessidade de reforço à flexão e ao corte, devido a um aumento de esforços provocado pelo aumento da sobrecarga. Desenvolve-se um estudo experimental onde se pretende avaliar a eficácia de um sistema de reforço à flexão com compósitos de CFRP colado externamente a uma viga e com diferentes taxas de reforço.

Pontes pedonais em madeira lamelada colada:caracterização, dimensionamento, patologia e conservação

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Edificações

Ground Vibrations Induced by High-Speed Trains in Regions with Sudden Foundation Stiffness Change

In this paper analytical transient solutions of dynamic response of one-dimensional systems with sudden change of foundation stiffness are derived. In more details, cantilever dynamic response, expressed in terms of vertical displacement, is extended to account for elastic foundation and then two cantilever solutions, corresponding to beams clamped on left and right hand side, with different value of Winkler constant are connected together by continuity conditions. The internal forces, as the unknowns, can be introduced by the same values in both clamped beam solutions and solved. Assumption about time variation of internal forces at the section of discontinuity must be adopted and originally analytical solution will have to include numerical procedure.

Beliefs and Conflicts in a Real World Multi-Agent System

In a real world multiagent system, where the agents are faced with partial, incomplete and intrinsically dynamic knowledge, conflicts are inevitable. Frequently, different agents have goals or beliefs that cannot hold simultaneously. Conflict resolution methodologies have to be adopted to overcome such undesirable occurrences. In this paper we investigate the application of distributed belief revision techniques as the support for conflict resolution in the analysis of the validity of the candidate beams to be produced in the CERN particle accelerators. This CERN multiagent system contains a higher hierarchy agent, the Specialist agent, which makes use of meta-knowledge (on how the con- flicting beliefs have been produced by the other agents) in order to detect which beliefs should be abandoned. Upon solving a conflict, the Specialist instructs the involved agents to revise their beliefs accordingly. Conflicts in the problem domain are mapped into conflicting beliefs of the distributed belief revision system, where they can be handled by proven formal methods. This technique builds on well established concepts and combines them in a new way to solve important problems. We find this approach generally applicable in several domains.

Forças em estruturas de acostagem descontínuas em zonas desabrigadas: avaliação de ferramentas de cálculo existentes

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de especialização em Hidráulica

Multiobjective optimization of viscoelastic laminated sandwich structures using the Direct MultiSearch method

A multiobjective approach for optimization of passive damping for vibration reduction in sandwich structures is presented in this paper. Constrained optimization is conducted for maximization of modal loss factors and minimization of weight of sandwich beams and plates with elastic laminated constraining layers and a viscoelastic core, with layer thickness and material and laminate layer ply orientation angles as design variables. The problem is solved using the Direct MultiSearch (DMS) solver for derivative-free multiobjective optimization and solutions are compared with alternative ones obtained using genetic algorithms.

Estudo Paramétrico e desenvolvimento de folha de cálculo para optimização de tabuleiros pré-fabricados de Obras de Arte Correntes

Mestrado em Engenharia Civil - Estruturas