Characteristics of the biological cycle of lutzomyia evandroi Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936 (diptera: psychodidae) under experimental conditions

XIMENES, Maria de Fátima Freire de Melo; MACIEL, Janaína Cunha; JERONIMO, Selma Maria Bezerra. Characteristics of the Biological Cycle of Lutzomyia evandroi Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936 (diptera: psychodidae) under experimental conditions. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, v.96, n.6, p.883-886, ago. 2001. Disponivel em: Acesso em: 4 out. 2010.

Isolamento de uma quitinase extraída do cefalotórax do camarão marinho Litopenaeus schmitti (BURKENROAD, 1936) : avaliação de suas atividades antimicrobiana e larvicida

Chitinases are enzymes involved in degradation of chitin and are present in a range of organisms, including those that do not contain chitin, such as bacteria, viruses, plants and animals, and play important physiological and ecological roles. Chitin is hydrolyzed by a chitinolytic system classified as: endo-chitinases, exo-chitinases and N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidases. In this study a Litochitinase1 extracted from the cephalotorax of the shrimp Litopenaeus Schmitt was purified 987.32 times using ionexchange chromatography DEAE-Biogel and molecular exclusion Sephacryl S-200. These enzyme presented a molecular mass of about 28.5 kDa. The results, after kinetic assay with the Litochitinase1 using as substrate p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-Dglucosaminideo, showed apparent Km of 0.51 mM, optimal activity at pH ranging from 5.0 to 6.0, optimum temperature at 55°C and stability when pre-incubated at temperatures of 25, 37, 45, 50 and 55°C. The enzyme showed a range of stability at pH 4.0 to 5.5. HgCl2 inhibited Litochitinase1 while MgCl2 enhances its activity. Antimicrobial tests showed that Litochitinase1 present activity against gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli in the 800 μg/mL concentration. The larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti was investigated using crude extracts, F-III (50-80%) and Litochitinase1 at 24 and 48 hours. The results showed larvicidal activity in all these samples with EC50 values of 6.59 mg/mL for crude extract, 5.36 mg/mL for F-III and 0.71 mg/mL for Litochitinase1 at 24 hours and 3.22 and 0.49 mg/mL for the F-III and Litochitinase1 at 48 hours, respectively. Other experiments confirmed the presence of chitin in the midgut of Aedes aegypti larvae, which may be suffering the action of Litochitinase1 killing the larvae, but also the absence of contaminating proteins as serine proteinase inhibitors and lectins in the crude extract, F-III and Litochitinase1, indicating that the death of the larvae is by action of the Litochitinase1. We also observed that the enzymes extracted from intestinal homogenate of the larvae no have activity on Litochitinase1. These results indicate that the enzyme can be used as an alternative to control of infections caused by Escherichia coli and reducing the infestation of the mosquito vector of dengue.

Potencial de alimentação de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) em diferentes densidades de Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas, 1878) (Hemiptera, Aphididae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A Associação Cultural Itapetinguense: um projeto de emancipação educacional e política para uma vila (1936-1961)

Este trabajo de pesquisa posee um carácter histórico y documental, teniendo como objetivo la Associação Cultural Ipapetinguense fundada em el año de 1936, por la dedicación de los hombres de la élite ganadera se congregarem para la lectura de los periódicos existentes en aquella época en la villa de Itatinga, actualmente la ciudad de Itapetinga (BA). Conocer la ACI, representó evidenciar sus proyectos direccionados para la cultura y la enseñanza, desde su comienzo hasta el año de 1961, analizando los conocimientos vinculados en esos proyectos. Entre los mismos, examiamos detalladamente a Biblioteca Dr. Orlando Bahia y las iniciativas realizadas para la enseñanza: la Escola da ACI, el Curso de Ciências, Letras e Artes, el Ginásio Alfredo Dutra y la Escola Normal Juvino Oliveira, desde el punto de vista de los conocimientos socializados en estas acciones. Entendemos que estos saberes fueron sembrados por la lectura de los libros da la Biblioteca Dr. Orlando Bahia, lo que nos hizo analizar el acervo de la misma, para así percibir que estos libros fueroan los testigos de los conocimientos de los maestros en quel período de la história de la educación en Itapetinga. Ellos fueron y todavia son, no sólo, los portadores de los contenidos y de los saberes enseñados, mas los reveladores de un proyeto de la emancipación educativa y política para la villa de Itapetinga. Estudiar la história de la Associação Cultural Itapetinguense, sus proyetos dedicados para la cultura y para la educación nos ofreció la posibilidad de conocer la villa de Itapetinga y su trayectoria económica y social, su desarrollo cultural y el camino recorrido en su emancipación educativa y política. De esta manera, las acciones culturales y educativas impulsionadas por la ACI y direccionadas hacia la villa fueroan la posibilidad del progreso, del esclarecimiento y confirmación de uma élite en el ámbito económico y social local y de aumento en el ámbito de los conocimientos y de la educación formal del pueblo en su sentido amplio. Las fuentes citadas para la pesquisa fueron, fundamentalmente, los libros de las actas y los estatutos de la ACI, periódicos locales, y libros de registros de préstamo de la Biblioteca Dr. Orlando Bahia, además de todas las comunicaciones orales em las charlas realizadas

Aspectos biológicos de Chrysoperla externa(Hagen, 1861)(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) alimentada com Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813)(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) e Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The citrus-growing ecosystem houses a great deal of species of natural enemies, among them Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861), which presents a great potential for use in the biological control of pests. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the preys Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) and Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy, 1907) on the development of larva and pupa of C. externa. The trial was carried out in an acclimatized room at 25 +/- 1 degrees C, 70 +/- 10% RH and 12-hour photophase, the treatments consisting of the continuous and alternate supply of those two preys in each instar of the predator, in addition to eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) utilized for comparison purposes. Both the white mealybug and the aphids were given in sufficient amounts to the C. externa larvae to be able to feed ad libitum. The lifetime and the survival rate of the phases of larva, pupa and the larval-adult period of C. externa were evaluated. It was found that T. citricida given either singly along the larval development or in two consecutive instars of the predator was not an adequate prey, 100% of mortality over the larval-adult period being found. When the larvae fed on P. citri, given in two instars of the predator, the survival rate in the larval-adult period was similar to the diet constituted of only A. kuehniella eggs, except when fed with T. citricida in the first instar.

Tempo de busca e de manuseio de larvas de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) alimentadas com Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas, 1878) (Hemiptera, Aphididae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Consumo de Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas, 1878) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) por larvas de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) em casa-de-vegetação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento e capacidade de consumo de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) alimentada com ninfas de mosca-branca criadas em hortaliças

Many arthropods are mentioned with whitefly natural enemies, including the green lacewings. The aim of this study is to analyses the development and the capacity of predation of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) fed with Bemisia tabaci B biotype nymphs, rearing different vegetables (kale, broccoli, eggplant end tomato). The duration, viability end weight in each stage end phase of development of the insect-predator had been evaluated, as well as the predatory capacity of the larvae in the third instar. The larval phase of the predator presented minor duration when these had been fed with nymphs developed the broccoli (12.36 days) and minor duration of the tomato (14.36 days) phase when fed with nymphs developed in kale, broccoli, and eggplant (6.50, 7.20, 7.33 days, respectively). The lower indices of viability been found for the larvae fed with nymphs developed in the tomato (30%), and average weights have. The predatory capacity of the larvae during the third instar was not affected, independently on the plant host where the whitefly nymph fed itself.

Ecological distribution of the shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1936) (Decapoda, Penaeoidea) in Ubatuba Bay, São Paulo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Consumo e ganho de peso de larvas de Chrysoperla Externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) de diferentes Populaçoes e Geraçoes de Laboratório

Several studies have been made about biology, predatory capacity, and food consumption to crisopids species, trying to get informations to use in Integrated Pest Management. Raising insects in laboratory for many generations could cause blood relation problems, even annihilate the insect mass production. In this way, the objective of this work was to determine the consumption and the weight gain to Chrysoperla externa larvae from two populations and different laboratory generations, founded by 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 couples. By the result it was possible to conclude that larvae food consumption was higher in populations founded by greater number of couples, and it is not verified variation among populations and generations.

Um surto de coccidiose em perdizes (Rhynchotus rufescens), criadas em cativeiro, por Eimeria rhynchoti Reis e Nóbrega, 1936 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae).

Eimeria rhynchoti is redescribed parasitizing partridge (Rhynchotus rufescens), reared in captivity, from Jaboticabal City, São Paulo State, Brazil. Sporulation takes place in 48 hours, the shape of oocysts found vary from spherical to elliptic with 23.01 micro +/- 1.57 of length by 21.0 micro +/- 1.78 of width. The microple, polar cap and residuum of the oocysts were absent. The oocyst wall, measures 2.2 micro +/- 0.31 of thickness, is composed by two smooth layers; the polar granule is present. The sporocysts length was 15.03 mm +/- 2.12 by 8.08 mm +/- 0.84 of width vary from elliptic to elongate. Sporocyst wall slender with is fine and Stieda body; the residue found in form of several smaller granules spherical compacts. The sporozoites are contrary extending along the sporocysts wall possessing refracts body of easy visualization.

La fecundidad en la ciudad de Buenos Aires desde fines del siglo pasado hasta 1936

Incluye Bibliografía

Estudos de variabilidade genética em populações de Chrysoperla externa Hagen, 1861 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Eficiência de predação de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) sobre o tripes do amendoim Enneothrips flavens (Moulton, 1941) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)