Global distributions of diazotrophs abundance, biomass and nitrogen fixation rates - Gridded data product (NetCDF) - Contribution to the MAREDAT World Ocean Atlas of Plankton Functional Types

The MAREDAT atlas covers 11 types of plankton, ranging in size from bacteria to jellyfish. Together, these plankton groups determine the health and productivity of the global ocean and play a vital role in the global carbon cycle. Working within a uniform and consistent spatial and depth grid (map) of the global ocean, the researchers compiled thousands and tens of thousands of data points to identify regions of plankton abundance and scarcity as well as areas of data abundance and scarcity. At many of the grid points, the MAREDAT team accomplished the difficult conversion from abundance (numbers of organisms) to biomass (carbon mass of organisms). The MAREDAT atlas provides an unprecedented global data set for ecological and biochemical analysis and modeling as well as a clear mandate for compiling additional existing data and for focusing future data gathering efforts on key groups in key areas of the ocean. This is a gridded data product about diazotrophic organisms . There are 6 variables. Each variable is gridded on a dimension of 360 (longitude) * 180 (latitude) * 33 (depth) * 12 (month). The first group of 3 variables are: (1) number of biomass observations, (2) biomass, and (3) special nifH-gene-based biomass. The second group of 3 variables is same as the first group except that it only grids non-zero data. We have constructed a database on diazotrophic organisms in the global pelagic upper ocean by compiling more than 11,000 direct field measurements including 3 sub-databases: (1) nitrogen fixation rates, (2) cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances from cell counts and (3) cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances from qPCR assays targeting nifH genes. Biomass conversion factors are estimated based on cell sizes to convert abundance data to diazotrophic biomass. Data are assigned to 3 groups including Trichodesmium, unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria (group A, B and C when applicable) and heterocystous cyanobacteria (Richelia and Calothrix). Total nitrogen fixation rates and diazotrophic biomass are calculated by summing the values from all the groups. Some of nitrogen fixation rates are whole seawater measurements and are used as total nitrogen fixation rates. Both volumetric and depth-integrated values were reported. Depth-integrated values are also calculated for those vertical profiles with values at 3 or more depths.

Ik Zie, Ik Zie, Wat Jij Ook Ziet … I See, I See, What You Also See …

Ouadi-Maachi, I (2016). Ik Zie, Ik Zie, Wat Jij Ook Ziet … I See, I See, What You Also See … Een ontwerpgericht onderzoek naar de invloed van visuele beelden in het ontwikkelingsperspectief van de ‘Nederlands als tweede taal’(NT2) leerling om een eventuele taalbarrière tussen de leraar en de ouders te doorbreken. Juli,11, 2016, Heerlen, Nederland: Open Universiteit.

De Relatie tussen Hechting en Welbevinden bij Ouderen: De mediërende Invloed van Mindfulness en Zingeving

Empirische studies hebben aangetoond dat bij ouderen een veilige hechting positief samenhangt met het niveau van welbevinden. Hechting is een relatief stabiel en moeilijk te beïnvloeden persoonlijk kenmerk en daarom is het belangrijk om mediatoren van het verband tussen hechting en psychologische uitkomstmaten te vinden die met interventies te beïnvloeden zijn. De vraagstelling van de studie luidde: ‘Welk verband bestaat er tussen hechting en welbevinden bij ouderen en wordt dit verband gemedieerd door mindfulness en zingeving?’. De huidige studie was een survey met één meetmoment. De 210 respondenten waren 65 jaar of ouder (M = 71.25, SD = 5.42) en thuiswonend. Daarnaast mochten ze geen ernstige geheugenproblemen of een psychiatrische stoornis hebben. Via de sneeuwbalmethode werden de respondenten mondeling of schriftelijk door de onderzoeker benaderd. De vragenlijst kon anoniem online of op papier worden ingevuld. Hechting werd gemeten met de Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R), mindfulness met de Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), zingeving met de Meaning in Life Questionnaire, subschaal ‘Presence of meaning in life’ (MLQ-P) en welbevinden met de Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) en de Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Zowel hechtingsgerelateerde angst (‘angst’) als hechtingsgerelateerde vermijding (‘vermijding’) bleek in correlatieanalyses negatief samen te hangen met mindfulness, zingeving en welbevinden. Tussen mindfulness, zingeving en welbevinden werden positieve verbanden gevonden. De (seriële) mediatieanalyse werd uitgevoerd met behulp van de macro PROCESS 2.13. Zowel het verband tussen ‘angst’ en welbevinden als tussen ‘vermijding’ en welbevinden werd volledig (serieel) gemedieerd door mindfulness en zingeving.

De Invloed van Altruïsme op de Samenhang tussen Leeftijd en Mentale Veerkracht

Het primaire doel van deze studie was meer helderheid te krijgen over de invloed van altruïsme op de positieve associatie tussen leeftijd en mentale veerkracht. Het secundaire doel was een factor te kunnen aanwijzen die de positieve relatie tussen leeftijd en mentale veerkracht zou mediëren of anderszins verklaren. Meer begrip over factoren die samenhangen met mentale veerkracht, zou kunnen leiden tot de ontwikkeling en verfijning van trainingen ter bevordering van mentale veerkracht. De studie kende een cross-sectionele opzet met één meetmoment. Van de 92 oudere deelnemers werden er 66 met hulp van sleuteldeelnemers in het netwerk van de onderzoeker gevonden. De overige 26 zijn oudere deelnemers uit de database van de OU. Alle jongvolwassenen zijn afkomstig uit de database van de OU. In totaal zijn er 160 deelnemers geïncludeerd in deze studie, waarvan 68 jongvolwassenen tussen de 18 en 45 en 92 oudere volwassenen van 60 jaar of ouder. De uitgevoerde regressie analyses waren gericht op de veronderstelde mediërende verklaring door altruïsme van de relatie tussen leeftijd en mentale veerkracht. Mentale veerkracht werd gemeten met de Resilience Scale (RS-nl; Portzky, 2010). De Nederlandse vertaling van de NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Hoekstra, Ormel & Fruyt, 1996) werd gebruikt om altruïsme te meten. Van de RS-nl is de totaalscore geanalyseerd, van de NEO zijn alleen de vragen met betrekking tot altruïsme geanalyseerd. De mediatie-analyse is uitgevoerd middels de 4 stappen methode van Baron en Kenny (beschreven in Verboon, 2010). De hypothese betreffende de positieve samenhang tussen leeftijd en mentale veerkracht werd bevestigd (b = .12, t(153) = 3.91, p < .001). Er werd geen samenhang tussen leeftijd en altruïsme of tussen altruïsme en mentale veerkracht gevonden. Hierdoor kon er geen sprake zijn van mediatie door altruïsme op de relatie tussen leeftijd en mentale veerkracht.

A Gap with a Deficit of Large Grains in the Protoplanetary Disk around TW Hya

We report 3 au resolution imaging observations of the protoplanetary disk aroundTW Hya at 145 and 233 GHz with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array.Our observations revealed two deep gaps (~25-50 %) at 22 and 37 au and shallowergaps (a few %) at 6, 28, and 44 au, as recently reported by Andrews et al. (2016). Thecentral hole with a radius of  3 au was also marginally resolved. The most remarkablefinding is that the spectral index α(R) between bands 4 and 6 peaks at the 22 au gap.The derived power-law index of the dust opacity β(R) is  ~1.7 at the 22 au gap anddecreases toward the disk center to ~0. The most prominent gap at 22 au could becaused by the gravitational interaction between the disk and an unseen planet with amass of ≲1.5 MNeptune although other origins may be possible. The planet-induced gap is supported by the fact that β(R) is enhanced at the 22 au gap, indicating a deficitof mm-sized grains within the gap due to dust filtration by a planet.

Messkonzept und Methodik zur Konfiguration und zum Nachweis

Radio Frequenzidentifikation (RFID) auf Basis pas-siver Transponder im Ultra-High-Frequenzbereich (UHF) findet in der Logistik immer häufiger Anwen-dung. Zur Ausschöpfung der Potenziale dieser AutoID-Technologie wird vorausgesetzt, dass die Identifikation der Waren und Güter zuverlässig erfolgt. Dies gestaltet sich aufgrund von Umgebungseinflüssen auf das elek-tromagnetische Lesefeld, das die passiven Transponder zur Identifikation mit Energie versorgt, oftmals sehr schwierig. Die Kenntnis der elektromagnetischen Feld-stärkeverteilung im Raum kann somit als Grundlage für die Bewertung der zuverlässigen Erfassung durch RFID-Installationen herangezogen werden. Das im Bei-trag vorgestellte Messkonzept mit Methodik zeigt eine Möglichkeit zur schnellen Erfassung der Lese-feldausprägung auf, um anhand der Ergebnisse die Kon-figuration dieser Systeme zu erleichtern.

A comparative study of translation strategies applied in dealing with role languages. : A translation analysis of the video game Final Fantasy XIV

Localisation is the process of taking a product and adapting it to fit the culture in question. This usually involves making it both linguistically and culturally appropriate for the target audience. While there are many areas in video game translations where localisation holds a factor, this study will focus on localisation changes in the personalities of fictional characters between the original Japanese version and the English localised version of the video game Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn and its expansion Heavensward for PC, PS3 and PS4. With this in mind, specific examples are examined using Satoshi Kinsui's work on yakuwarigo, role language as the main framework for this study. Five non-playable characters were profiled and had each of their dialogues transcribed for a comparative analysis. This included the original Japanese text, the officially localised English text and a translation of the original Japanese text done by myself. Each character were also given a short summary and a reasoned speculation on why these localisation changes might have occurred. The result shows that there were instances where some translations had been deliberately adjusted to ensure that the content did not cause any problematic issues to players overseas. This could be reasoned out that some of the Japanese role languages displayed by characters in this game could potentially cause dispute among the western audience. In conclusion, the study shows that localisation can be a difficult process that not only requires a translator's knowledge of the source and target language, but also display some creativity in writing ability to ensure that players will have a comparable experience without causing a rift in the fanbase.

Magnetophotoresistance in Pr 1–x CaxMnO3 Thin Films

In this work, a colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) Pr1−xCaxMnO3 (PCMO) man- ganite thin films and polycrystalline samples were studied with the main focus on the properties of the insulator to metal Mott phase transition. The polycrystalline PCMO samples were fabricated with the solid state reaction method. The polycrystalline sam- ples were further processed into the epitaxial thin films with the pulsed laser deposition method (PLD). The structural and magnetic properties of the samples were systemat- ically investigated and the thin films samples were further investigated with magneto- transport measurement where the thin films response to illumination was also studied. After the successful synthesis of polycrystalline PCMO samples with varying x = between 0.0 - 0.5, the magnetic characterization of the samples showed rich magnetic properties having the signatures of the magnetic phase coexistence of antiferromag- netic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) ordering and cluster glass behaviour. With the increased doping concentration from x = 0.3 to 0.5, the AFM charge-order (CO) phase started to form up being strongest on the sample x = 0.5. This AFM CO phase could be melted with the high external magnetic field at temperatures below Neel’s tempera- ture TN inducing an irreversible first order metamagnetic AFM to FM phase transition. The strength of the AFM CO phase decreased with decreasing Ca concentration and increasing temperature. The polycrystalline PCMO samples with Ca concentrations of 0.3 - 0.5, showing metamagnetic behaviour, were selected for the fabrication of the thin film samples. The films were grown using two different in situ oxygen treatment temperatures at 500 ◦C and 700 ◦C in the PLD system. The films with x = 0.4 and 0.5 showed weaker AFM CO phase with greatly reduced melting fields when compared to polycrystalline samples. Also, the robustness of the AFM CO phase was further decreased in thin films with the lower oxygen treatment temperature of 500 ◦C. The magneto-transport measurements made on the thin films showed that the melting of AFM CO phase was connected to CMR effect where the increasing magnetic field induced an insulator to metal phase transition, which reduces the resistivity of the film around nine orders of magnitude. The use of illumination during the magneto-transport measurements showed a vari- ety of intriguing phenomena including magnetophotoresistance. The illumination had a huge effect to the insulator to metal transition (IMT) reducing the transition magnetic field significantly. Moreover, by magnetically biasing the thin films with the constant external magnetic field, the IMT could be induced by switching on the illumination.

Apport d'un programme de génétique à une filière de production aquacole : l'exemple de l'ostréiculture

Two oyster species are currently present along the French coasts : the indigenous European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas), that has been introduced from Japan since the beginning of the 70ies. The flat oyster successively suffered from two protozoan diseases during the 60ies and its production decreased from 20 000 tons/year by that time to 1 500 tons/year nowadays. Consequently, the oyster production is principally (99%) based upon the Pacific oyster species with approximately 150 000 tons/year among which 90% are grown from the natural spat. However, the hatchery production of this species is developing and was estimated to 400 to 800 millions spat in 2002. Moreover, strengthened relationships between IFREMER and the 5 commercial hatcheries, that all joined the SYSAAF (Union of the French poultry, shellfish and fish farming selectors), allow to plan for new genetic breeding programs. At the end of the 80ies, IFREMER initiated a genetic breeding program for the resistance of the European flat oyster to the bonamiosis, and obtained strains more tolerant to this disease. After two generations of massal selection, molecular markers had identified a reduced genetic basis in this program. It was then reoriented to an intra-familial selection. However, we were confronted to a zootechnic problem to manage such a scheme and we compromised by an intra-cohorts of families selection scheme managed using molecular markers. The program has now reached the transfer level with experimentation at a professional scale. Concerning the Pacific cupped oyster, and in parallel with the obtaining and the study of polyploids, performance of different Asian cupped oyster strains were compared to the one introduced in France thirty years ago and currently suffering from summer mortalities. The local strain exhibited better performance, certainly based upon a good local adaptation. In other respects, although early growth is a relevant criteria for selection for growth to commercial stage, it is not to be privileged in the context of an oyster producing region with a limited food availability. Contrary, the spat summer mortality became a priority for numerous teams (genetic, physiology, pathology, ecology,...) joined in the MOREST program. The first results showed important survival differences between fullsib and halsib families. They indicate a genetic determinism to this character "survival" and promote for its selection.

1940-luvun italialainen neorealistinen elokuva kulttuuriperinnön rakennusaineena

Tutkimus tarkastelee niitä tapoja, joilla 1940-luvun italialainen neorealistinen elokuva rakentaa kansakuntaa yhdistävää kulttuuriperintöä kulttuuriperintöyhteisön ylläpitämäs-sä kulttuuriperintöprosessissa. Neorealistiset elokuvat ovat todellisuutta peilaavia realis-tisia fiktioelokuvia ja kollektiivisia mentaalihistoriallisia todisteita, jotka sisältävät menneisyyttä koskevaa tulkintaa, jota voidaan käyttää identiteettityössä. Kulttuuriperin-töyhteisön identiteettityön rinnalla kansallisen identiteetin käsite liittyy olennaisesti tut-kimukseen, sillä Italian yhtenäisyys on koettu ongelmalliseksi yhdistymisestä lähtien. Tarkastelen elokuvien esiin tuomaa yhteisöllisyyttä ja kansallisen identiteetin tulkintoja myös suhteessa aikaisempaan italialaiseen elokuvaan. Tutkimuksen lähdeaineistona ovat italialaisen neorealismin pääteokset Roberto Rossel-linin Rooma, avoin kaupunki, Vittorio De Sican Polkupyörävaras ja Luchino Viscontin Ossessione sekä Maa järisee. Niiden yhteyteen neorealismista käyty keskustelu yleensä painottuu, joten tutkimuksen aikarajaus on 1943–1948. Menetelmänä tutkimuksessa on elokuvien lähiluku ja teoreettisena viitekehyksenä on kulttuuriperintöyhteisön historioi-van, monumentalisoivan ja omaksuvan identiteettityön teoria. Elokuvien yhteisöllisiin piirteisiin keskittyvän lähiluvun tukena olen käyttänyt italialaista elokuvaa, neorealismia, kulttuuriperintöä ja kansallisesta identiteettiä koskevaa tutkimuskirjallisuutta. Rooma, avoin kaupunki -elokuvan sankarihahmot edustavat kulttuuriperintöyhteisölle yhteisiä menneisyyden symboleita ja keksittyjä perinteitä, jotka luovat ajallista jatku-vuutta. Merkittävinä ja omaksuttavina symboleina hahmot tukevat kulttuuriperintöpro-sessin monumentalisoivaa ja omaksuvaa identiteettityötä sekä muistin paikkana ne vah-vistavat yhteenkuuluvuutta. Neorealistisissa elokuvissa on historioivaa identiteettityötä tukevaa jaettua historiaa, joka liittää kulttuuriperintöyhteisön jäseniä menneisyydestä tulevaisuuteen liukuvaan ajalliseen jatkumoon. Elokuvissa on myös arkipäiväisen natio-nalismin piirteitä, joita omaksuvalla identiteettityöllä omaksutaan kulttuuriperinnön rakennusaineeksi. Arkipäiväisinä symboleina ovat koti, perhe ja nainen, jotka liittyvät italialaisuuteen ja toimivat toisista yhteisöistä erottautumisen piirteinä. Elokuvissa kon-stitutiivista ulkopuolta edustavat vihollishahmot ja univormupukuiset toimijat. Hahmot erottautuvat yhteisöstä, jolloin erottautumisella vahvistetaan kulttuuriperintöyhteisön osallisuuskokemusta yhteisön symboleihin. Neorealistiset elokuvat tarjoavat tulkintoja, jotka kulttuuriperintöyhteisö voi ottaa osaksi kulttuuriperinnön rakentamista.

Bitcoin mining is about to become a lot less profitable.

Imagine being told that your wage was going to be cut in half. Well, that’s what’s soon going to happen to those who make money from Bitcoin mining, the process of earning the online currency Bitcoin. The current expected date for this change is 11 July 2016. Many see this as the day when Bitcoin prices will rocket and when Bitcoin owners could make a great deal of money. Others see it as the start of a Bitcoin crash. At present no one quite knows which way it will go. Bitcoin was created in 2009 by someone known as Satoshi Nakamoto, borrowing from a whole lot of research methods. It is a cryptocurrency, meaning it uses digital encryption techniques to create bitcoins and secure financial transactions. It doesn’t need a central government or organisation to regulate it, nor a broker to manage payments. Conventional currencies usually have a central bank that creates money and controls its supply. Bitcoin is instead created when individuals “mine” for it by using their computers to perform complex calculations through special software. The algorithm behind Bitcoin is designed to limit the number of bitcoins that can ever be created. All Bitcoin transactions are recorded on a public database known as a blockchain. Every time someone mines for Bitcoin, it is recorded with a new block that is transmitted to every Bitcoin app across the network, like a bank updating its online records.

Caracterização do cromo presente no lodo de galvanoplastia: avaliação técnica e econômica de processos de remoção

Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)

Imagenología cardiovascular

Las revisiones "Almanac" brindan un resumen de articulos sobre tópicos especificos publicados en Heart en los 2 años previos, poniendo en contexto los avances en ese campo incluyendo publicaciones de otras revistas. El foco de este artículo de Almanac es Imagenología Cardiovascular - siendo una revista de cardiología general, la investigación en imágenes publicada en Heart esta orientada a la clínica y frecuentemente impacta en nuestra práctica.