982 resultados para Salmo salar,crio-affumicatura,azoto,qualità microbiologica,ossidazione lipidica
Resumo:
This work presents a study on the production of biodiesel by esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol using batch reactor and different catalysts based on CeO2 and WO3 and HZSM-5. Acid treatment was performed in order to increase the catalytic activity. Different characterization techniques were performed, among them X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis TGA/DTA, Spectroscopy in the Region in Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The effects of independent variables: temperature, molar ratio of oil: alcohol and the amount of catalyst and their interactions on the dependent variable (conversion of oleic acid to the corresponding ester). Overall, through the results obtained in the characterization was observed that the applied treatments were efficient, however the XRF technique, indicated that tungsten oxide leaching could occur during the preparation of the materials. The treatments performed on HZSM-5 caused no significant changes in the structure indicating that the zeolite was quite resistant to the treatments used. It was evaluated using complete 23 factorial design. For the catalysts investigated, the best reaction conditions were obtained when using higher levels of the independent variables temperature and amount of catalyst. However, for the variable molar ratio the lowest level showed significant yields for most of the synthesized catalyst, obtaining maximum conversion to the OC (67.97%), OW (74.37%), HZSM-5 (61.16%) OC-OW 1 (75.93%), OC-OW 2 (82.57%), OC-OW 3 (79.15%), S/OC-OW 1 (86.90%), S/OC-OW 2 (91.04%), S/OC-OW 3 (88.60%), S/OC-OW/H 1 (92.34%), S/OC-OW/H 2 (100%) and S/OC-OW/H 3 (98.16%). According to the experimental design, the temperature has the biggest influence on the reaction variable for all the synthesized catalysts. Among the catalysts investigated S/OC-OW/H 2 e S/OC-OW/H 3 were more effective. Reuse tests showed that the catalyst activity decreased after each cycle, indicating that the regeneration process was effective. The leaching test indicated that the catalysts are heterogeneous in the evaluated operating range. The catalysts investigated showed themselves promising for the production of biodiesel.
Resumo:
Este trabalho discute a organização de uma das maiores festas religiosas do Brasil: o Círio de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré, em Belém, Pará. Usando o Paradigma do Mercado Religioso e a Teoria da Dádiva, proponho avaliar a celebração, tomando como ponto de partida uma análise da Diretoria da Festa, que é a instituição que promove a celebração religiosa. O propósito desta avaliação é apontar a convergência entre as duas teorias. Ao longo do trabalho, discuto a gênese e a expansão da celebração, assim como a relação entre a Diretoria da Festa e os devotos de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré.
Resumo:
O artigo apresenta reflexões críticas acerca do processo de registro do Círio de Nazaré, de Belém do Pará, como patrimônio cultural imaterial brasileiro, junto ao Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, em 2004. Trata-se de releitura dos procedimentos adotados pelos pesquisadores responsáveis pela elaboração do inventário e do dossiê que fundamentaram o referido registro. Reflete-se sobre os desdobramentos deste ato sobre os diferentes sujeitos que compõem o Círio de Nazaré, discutindo-se a necessidade de divulgar os resultados da pesquisa entre os grupos sociais envolvidos, de forma a contribuir para a preservação e promoção do bem cultural Círio de Nazaré.
Resumo:
Esta dissertação pretende analisar alguns aspectos das práticas realizadas pelos peixeiros, balanceiros e geleiros, do Ver-o-Peso através das sociabilidades por eles exercidas. Partindo do pressuposto que as práticas sociais são responsáveis pelos significados ou ressignificações dos espaços, o Ver-o-Peso o mais antigo espaço comercial da cidade de Belém, se apresenta cotidianamente como um lugar de expressiva atividade de trabalho, porém, eventualmente, é também um espaço de lazer para os que nele diariamente trabalham. A partir da Festa que é realizada durante o Círio de Nazaré em Belém, como forma de render honrarias a Santa, Nossa Senhora de Nazaré, será interpretado à luz de uma abordagem antropológica, o lado lúdico existente no Ver-o-Peso. Para realização da análise foram realizadas observação direta e entrevistas junto àqueles trabalhadores que trabalham com a comercialização do pescado no Ver-o-Peso, mais precisamente no Mercado de Ferro (ou de Peixe), e que são responsáveis pela realização da Festa.
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
This paper aims the preparation, characterization and study of luminescence, particularly as for the cerium ion action as activator or sensitizer, in diphenylphosphinate of lanthanum compounds trivalent ions cerium-, europium-, and/or terbium-doped. The following compounds were prepared and studied: i) La1-(x+y)CexEuy(DFF)3; ii) La1-(x+y)CexTby(DFF)3; iii) La1-(x+y+z)CexEuyTbz(DFF)3, with x = 10%, y = 5% e z = 5%. The diphenylphosphinate of lanthanum, Ln[(Ph2)PO2]3, are complexes obtained by the mixture of lanthanides chlorides with diphenylphosphinic acid, ethanol medium. These compounds make white powders, crystalline, insoluble in normal temperature and pressure, and are chemically and thermally stable. When doping with Ce3+, Eu3+ and/or Tb3+, the compounds present characteristic luminescence. Luminescent materials are made of a host matrix incorporated with few amounts of ions called activators, which are able to present luminescence after being excited by UV light or high energy radiation, and sensitizer ions, which have the role of absorbing excitation energy and transfer it to the activator, for it to emit luminescence radiation. The infrared vibrational spectroscopy indicates that the coordination occurs by the oxygens of phosphorile group with ΔνPO of about 40 cm-1 compared to the free ligand. The X Ray difractograms of compounds Eu- and/or Tb-doped are similar, but they present profile of diffraction different observed by Stucchi and col. In previous papers, indicated an influence of Ce in the crystalline phase formation of these matrices. In luminescence spectrums, the excitation that can be made by the levels of ligand in 273 nm, or cerium ion in area between 300 and 400 nm were observed. In the emission spectrum, with excitation in 273 nm, is possible to observe the emission of Ce3+ below 400 nm and the Eu3+ in 592, 611 and 617 nm, and the...as a sensitizer to.