Indicadores para a caracterização de níveis de segurança rodoviária em redes urbanas : análise de trechos fora das interseções

Anualmente 20 a 50 milhões de pessoas sofrem ferimentos em acidentes rodoviários, morrendo 1,24 milhões de pessoas nas estradas de todo o Mundo. A aplicação de medidas para diminuir estes números tornou-se urgente. Na União Europeia foi proposto o objetivo de reduzir 50% da sinistralidade de 2001 até 2010. Em Portugal apontou-se como objetivo a redução de 31,9% de vítimas mortais de 2006 a 2015. Os resultados revelaram que os valores da sinistralidade não ultrapassaram uma redução de 43% na Europa, mas em Portugal estima-se que em 2013 já se tenha alcançado o objetivo previsto para 2015. Em meio urbano, os dados da União Europeia indicam uma redução das vítimas mortais, contudo verifica-se que Portugal se posiciona entre os países com piores valores. Existe, portanto, uma clara necessidade de estabelecer ferramentas que permitam a atuação das entidades gestoras, no sentido de reduzir a sinistralidade ao nível da rede rodoviária urbana. Saber onde ocorreram os acidentes é o início da solução para minimizar feridos e vítimas mortais nas vias urbanas. A aplicação de métodos que permitam a criação de indicadores de sinistralidade associados a um Sistema de Informação Geográfica, permite o conhecimento das vias rodoviárias com necessidades mais urgentes de intervenção de forma gráfica e fácil de interpretar, mesmo por não especialistas. No âmbito deste trabalho, associou-se a base de dados de acidentes a um Sistema de Informação Geográfica para efetuar o processo de georreferenciação e, assim, ser possível conhecer a localização dos trechos da rede urbana mais problemáticos. O conhecimento do tráfego e do perfil transversal das vias urbanas permitiu a definição de uma hierarquização viária. Além disso, utilizou-se esta informação para, de uma forma simplificada, extrapolar os valores de tráfego recolhidos em postos de contagem para as restantes vias onde não existia essa informação. A base de dados de acidentes georreferenciados e o tráfego considerado nas vias permitiram a aplicação do método que se propõe para a análise da sinistralidade, tendo-se utilizado para isso o indicador VHL – valor hierárquico do local. Por fim, foram analisados os trechos fora de interseções que obtiveram piores níveis de segurança, utilizando o indicador de sinistralidade. A metodologia de análise permitiu avaliar os trechos com acidentes, quer considerando os dados de sinistralidade de forma agregada no triénio de análise, quer utilizando-os separadamente para cada um dos anos. Chegou-se assim a uma análise dos acidentes ocorridos em cada trecho, de modo a servir de base para estudos futuros que deverão ser realizados para mitigar os acidentes rodoviários.

Avaliação do potencial de reabilitação de zonas urbanas antigas-degradadas : aplicação ao caso da Baixa de Coimbra

A reabilitação urbana consiste numa forma de intervenção incorporada sobre a zona urbana existente, em que o património urbanístico é mantido, num todo ou em parte substancial, e modernizado através da realização de obras de remodelação ou beneficiação dos sistemas de infraestruturas urbanas, reconstrução, ampliação, alteração, conservação ou demolição dos edifícios. Em Portugal, ao contrário dos restantes países da união europeia, a reabilitação urbana ainda tem pouca expressão. O objetivo central da presente dissertação é o desenvolvimento de uma avaliação comparativa dos custos de intervenção (execução de obras de reabilitação) para diferentes níveis de estado de conservação de edifícios. Para tal, utiliza-se um caso real de estudo na baixa de Coimbra, mais concretamente dos 27 edifícios da Rua da Moeda, dos quais se efetuou o estudo do estado de conservação. Selecionaram-se cinco edifícios, um por cada um dos diferentes níveis do estado de conservação / tipo de intervenção (Muito ligeira, Ligeira, Média, Grave e Muito Grave) e quantificou-se o custo das obras de reabilitação que seria necessário efetuar para restabelecer em cada um destes edifícios as condições adequadas de habitabilidade, conforto e segurança. Uma vez que as questões relativas à segurança e eficiência energética são cada vez mais um assunto central da agenda pública e política mundial, bem assim, como as relativas à preservação do ambiente, pareceu ainda interessante, procurar estimar a energia incorporada e as emissões de CO2 associadas a cada um dos referidos níveis de intervenção e comparar estes valores com os obtidos para o caso de uma nova construção. Tentou-se, ainda, perceber para quais dos níveis de conservação dos edifícios será economicamente e ambientalmente mais vantajoso reabilitar, do que simplesmente optar por demolir e construir de novo.

Visiones urbanas (poesías)

Mode of access: Internet.

Las limpiezas "sociales" y la construcción social de las identidades juveniles delictivas urbanas en la periferia de Bogotá, Colombia. El caso de los "Robles"

El objetivo de éste trabajo es presentar algunos avances sobre la investigación que se encuentra en curso en el marco de la construcción demi tesis de Maestría, y que consiste en una aproximación sociocultural de la construcción de las identidades que hacen las agrupaciones juveniles delincuenciales urbanas en su heterogeneidad, a partir de sus prácticas internas y en ambientes que recrean relaciones sociales donde predominan intereses y poderes que no encuentran soluciones distintas a la fuerza. Para ello me ubico en un sector marginal de la periferia de Bogotá llamado los Robles, habitado por: población desplazada por la violencia en el campo, grupos armados, población reinsertada o desmovilizada y población civil, espacio que a su vez muestra el mayor índice de homicidios juveniles, y donde algunos grupos de origen incierto ejercen una especie de coerción social que consiste en el amedrentamiento por medio del homicidio de aquel que se presume un delincuente, allí. Durante los años 2010 y 2011 intento dilucidar cuál debe ser la interpretación que se debe entender de las expresiones socioculturales de una agrupación juvenil cuando realizan actos de delincuencia. Para ello inicialmente expondré una introducción del tema propio de ésta ponencia, luego describiré brevemente algunas de las teorías existentes sobre territorio y subjetividades. Luego intento describir de forma condensada la manera en que se han ido construyendo las relaciones espaciales en el barrio Los Robles, que goza de ser un ejemplo representativo por su tipicidad, sus tramas y la marginación a la que están sometidos sus habitantes; interpretando algunas de las experiencias obtenidas con una agrupación de seis jóvenes delincuentes localizados allí

Feriantes y artesanos frente a cotidianeidades trastocadas : Un estudio sobre los vaivenes macroeconómicos y la realidad de las ferias comerciales urbanas

Fil: Adamini, Marina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Poéticas do rap engajado e juventudes nas periferias urbanas de Natal-RN

This thesis relates to issues present in the hip hop movement. Thus it includes youngsters grouped in different levels such as local, regional and national. The research deals with this broad segment. The analysis is made on those called “peripheral youth” It encompasses the juvenile segment, that is committed to a movement defined by these youngsters and activists, the so called “hip hop movement”. The research aims to analyze poetics present in rap, considered as an expression of resistance and inventiveness. The analysis was of micro politic nature and it dealt with the “peripheral scenario” present in hip hop Lelo Melodia in the Guarapes neighborhood in Natal-Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil. In this community, the group in known for their resistance attitude. The group´s opinion is not of opposition or force but it is seen in the sense of reinventing life that is currently attached to the persisting social inequality condition. In these terms, the research also deals with this committed poetic rap understood here as expressions towards resistance and inventiveness that is produced by these youth groups that belong to this hip hop movement. The focal group was the Lelo Melodia Group of the Posse de Hip Hop in the Guarapes neighborhood in Natal/Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil.

Análise da problemática socioambiental de nascentes urbanas no município de Garanhuns-PE

Garanhuns City, in Pernambuco, undergoes a rapid, polluting and non-organized urban development affecting its freshwater springs around the urban environment. These sources are of great importance to the district as well as to the hydrographic basin of the Mundaú River. In this view, this paper aims at analyzing the socio-environmental problems resulting from the urban expansion surrounding the Garanhuns’ sources. The study considers the social and environmental dynamics and follows the theoretical contributions of socio-environmental geography proposed by Mendonça’s Urban Environmental System methodological and theoretical model (2004), as well as the conceptual values of Santos’ space theory (2002a). The data treatment included bibliographical and documental research, evaluation of environmental impact, and water analysis. It revealed that Garanhuns possesses many local environmental traits favoring the coming out of freshwater springs and that these sources have played an important role in the making and development of that village. The environmental impacts on freshwater springs, like Olho D’água, Bom Pastor, Vila Maria, Pau Amarelo and Pau Pombo have been evaluated through the environmental impact score IIAN. It put alight serious cases of socio-environmental impacts on the dynamics of the freshwater springs. In the period of April 2013 and April 2014, it monitored the superficial water quality expelled by the Pau Pombo, Pau Amarelo e Vila Maria water sources, and the analyses of the contents followed the determinations of the Environmental National Board, whose parameters are dissolved oxygen, biochemical demand of oxygen, nitrate, total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and electrical conductivity. The results recollected suggest the existence of organic pollution and deep alteration in the water coming out from the sources. In consequence, it seems important the putting out of measures destined to stop those impacts and guaranteeing protection and maintenance of the freshwater springs and their micro-basins.

Praias urbanas e racionalidade ambiental: avaliação da gestão, das intervenções urbanísticas e dos usos na praia de ponta negra

This dissertation addresses issues considered essential for sustainable development of urban waterfronts and beaches. Many of these spaces, even though they are of public authorities, economic market and general population interests - due to its landscape, its importance for recreation purposes and as a basis of " Sun and beach Tourism " (Turismo de Sol e Praia), among other factors - have shown aesthetic, health and cultural degradation, entailing environmental, economic and social losses and conflicts. Based on this perception, the research aims to understand the main reasons for these negative results for beach spaces. To this end, it was chosen the case study of a typical urban beach, Ponta Negra Beach, located in Natal, RN. Ponta Negra is associated with the "postcard" of the city and it has been deserving of municipal urban planning legislation that legally recognizes the importance of its landscape. Also it has received constant investments by the Government through urban projects, arguing to leave the site attractive to its users. Nevertheless, in the last fifteen years, the beach has lived with the expansion of its problems, such as those related to bathing water, to coastal erosion, and to the mangling of its natural surroundings. Social conflicts have also been frequent in this time frame: conflicts between residents of the waterfront and traders who work on the beach, between the traders themselves, between the managers of space and fishermen, between managers and formal and informal traders. Many of these social and environmental conflicts have taken such grand proportions that became legal matters. Assuming that the problems identified are related to the issue of rationality - understood as a system of values, norms and actions that relate means and ends - and upholding the need for focused research on "environmental rationality" to understand and interpret the dynamics of social and environmental problems encountered on site, the research that guides the study relies on the Mexican economist Enrique Leff's theory on "environmental rationality" which, briefly, can be defined as a system of values, norms, actions and means and ends relations based on the principles of environmental management and sustainable development. Among other aspects, rationality encompasses cross-sectional planning of public administration, the participation of society in the management of environmental resources, interdisciplinary reorganization of knowledge, the clash of opposing interests and the conciliation of common goals of different social actors. The study evaluates the relationship between "environmental rationality", as proposed by Enrique Leff, with the management, urban interventions and uses observed in Ponta Negra Beach. For that, some benchmarks were established and considered in the research as related to sustainable development of the "beachy" atmosphere. Analytical instruments chosen were the urban transformations and the environmental and social problems that have been the target of lawsuits. Also part of the study, the problems that were the subject of civil investigations, which are investigation procedures carried out by the Prosecutor's Office.

Praias urbanas e racionalidade ambiental: avaliação da gestão, das intervenções urbanísticas e dos usos na praia de ponta negra

This dissertation addresses issues considered essential for sustainable development of urban waterfronts and beaches. Many of these spaces, even though they are of public authorities, economic market and general population interests - due to its landscape, its importance for recreation purposes and as a basis of " Sun and beach Tourism " (Turismo de Sol e Praia), among other factors - have shown aesthetic, health and cultural degradation, entailing environmental, economic and social losses and conflicts. Based on this perception, the research aims to understand the main reasons for these negative results for beach spaces. To this end, it was chosen the case study of a typical urban beach, Ponta Negra Beach, located in Natal, RN. Ponta Negra is associated with the "postcard" of the city and it has been deserving of municipal urban planning legislation that legally recognizes the importance of its landscape. Also it has received constant investments by the Government through urban projects, arguing to leave the site attractive to its users. Nevertheless, in the last fifteen years, the beach has lived with the expansion of its problems, such as those related to bathing water, to coastal erosion, and to the mangling of its natural surroundings. Social conflicts have also been frequent in this time frame: conflicts between residents of the waterfront and traders who work on the beach, between the traders themselves, between the managers of space and fishermen, between managers and formal and informal traders. Many of these social and environmental conflicts have taken such grand proportions that became legal matters. Assuming that the problems identified are related to the issue of rationality - understood as a system of values, norms and actions that relate means and ends - and upholding the need for focused research on "environmental rationality" to understand and interpret the dynamics of social and environmental problems encountered on site, the research that guides the study relies on the Mexican economist Enrique Leff's theory on "environmental rationality" which, briefly, can be defined as a system of values, norms, actions and means and ends relations based on the principles of environmental management and sustainable development. Among other aspects, rationality encompasses cross-sectional planning of public administration, the participation of society in the management of environmental resources, interdisciplinary reorganization of knowledge, the clash of opposing interests and the conciliation of common goals of different social actors. The study evaluates the relationship between "environmental rationality", as proposed by Enrique Leff, with the management, urban interventions and uses observed in Ponta Negra Beach. For that, some benchmarks were established and considered in the research as related to sustainable development of the "beachy" atmosphere. Analytical instruments chosen were the urban transformations and the environmental and social problems that have been the target of lawsuits. Also part of the study, the problems that were the subject of civil investigations, which are investigation procedures carried out by the Prosecutor's Office.