Desenvolvimento Urbano e Cidades Inclusivas: Estudo Analítico do Princípio Constitucional da Função Social das Cidades

The reality of Latin America points out that the industrialization and urbanization are complementary processes associated each other. Thus, by consequence of the demographic growth, observes the aggravation of an urbanization completely disordered and without infrastructure capable of guaranteeing rights and basic services to the population. In parallel, the dissemination of information, the valorization of human dignity, promoted by social welfare, and expectations of consumption aggravates the tensions among social actors, leading to the Theory of the Right to Development to worry about the (re)construction of cities. Before this reality, the Federal Constitution of 1988 proposed a participatory urban policy, grounded in the ideal of confrontation of social exclusion of a more comprehensive, represented by the principle of the social function of cities, which must be stratified into four inclusion´s central axes, namely: the social in the strict sense, the economic, the cultural and the policy. The Analysis of each of these dimensions, keeping the focus on reality and the Brazilian legal system, composes specific objectives of this work. Thus, through deductive research, with use of technique bibliographical and interdisciplinary, this dissertation aims to make connections between social function and development, proposing an analytical concept for the proposing an analytical concept for the principle of social function of cities, through the study of its basic elements. With this, purports to demonstrate how results, firstly, that the juridical study, to fully understand the process of marginalization, must maintain multidisciplinary perspective, own social sciences. Also aims to demonstrate that the dimensions of inclusion are formed by fundamental rights, individual and collective, of liberties and of social guarantees and that without respect to all of them there is no way to talk about implementation of urban development and nor, consequently, about inclusive cities. At the end, after checking the main legal instruments of urban policy that emphasize the community participation, provided for in the Statute of the Cities, and that potentiate the breakup of the circles of exclusion, the work want contribute to the clarification and the awaken to the importance of a new perspective democratic of development in the country, grounded in the appreciation of the individual for realization of modern management, decentralized and that, therefore, inserts the effective participation of urban communities in the acting of the State

Identidade e docência: o saber-fazer do professor de sociologia das escolas públicas estaduais de Picos - PI

This study deals with Sociology teacher identity issues. This is done considering daily routines of Sociology grade school teachers in the city of Picos in the state of Piauí-Brazil. Thus, the research aims to acknowledge the manner the inter-relations between the teacher s know-how and the process of construction of the professional identity of these teachers occur. It is seen that the discipline of Sociology in this context brings out processes related to inclusion and exclusion once the subject of Sociology is distinguished as unstable in relation to other disciplines. However, in June 2008, the law included the Sociology as a discipline 11,684 mandatory on all high school series.The theoretical and methodological procedures of this research were based on an ethnographic qualitative nature research and enabled a documental analysis. In order to collect data, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied in collective and individual in four state schools in the city of Picos in Piauí. The analysis of the information was based in content analysis from the proposals made by Bardin (1997), and Franco (2008). The information was then organized in knowledge matrixes that allowed the identification of themes divided into two thematic axes: teacher education: the search for sense making in experience and the exercise of teaching as well as the Sociology grade school teacher s daily routine. The research enables the understanding of the senses the subjects have on their own activity since the work deals with concrete situations and experiences in the scholar context. These senses are considered relevant in order to enable a comprehension of the inter-relations that are established between the know-how and the construction of the identity on behalf of these teachers. Almost all of the interviewed subjects did not have a degree in Social Sciences and came from other backgrounds especially ones related to Education. Sociology teachers investigated almost in its entirety, do not have specific training in the social sciences, becoming teachers of Sociology by lack of school and to complete the work load. But, in spite of the difficulties experienced in the practice of the discipline all are in favour of its inclusion in high school. They have a clear vision, that through the work of the theoretical content of the discipline with the daily life of the students by using teaching strategies that add value to the relationship of knowledge that are prepared in society at large, to Sociology provides a critical analysis of the reality in which they are inserted

Campo educacional e representação social da formação docente :o olhar dos agentes

Teaching formation has been the target of many changes, having been forged according to numerous formats and models through different times and spaces, composing thus, different codes and curricular proposals for different levels of qualification. We've tried in this work to pinpoint the main discussions which take place in the area of the teaching formation, based in the views of modern writers. We ve also tried, through the Social Representations Theory, to reveal and learn how the agents directly involved in this process realize and react, that is, the teachers who cope with the beginning stages of the Fundamental Teaching in the public school system in Natal/RN, taking into account that, in many cases, such formation demands the rethinking of the very formation policies. We've also adopted the concepts of field and educational field introduced by the praxiology of Pierre Bourdieu. It s been considered a fundamental theoretical reference which enables the understanding of social phenomena, both in macro and micro viewpoints. Thus, we do not neglect the whole, and particularly, the nuances of each context or specific situation. In the methodological track we ve used for data gathering the Free Word Association Test, and the Semi-Structured Interview, and also secondary sources for the characterization of the research spectre. Data treatment and analysis were performed with the help of the following software: SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences and EVOC; and the method of Content Category Analysis. The combination of the concepts and techniques mentioned above was necessary to cope with the qualitative and quantitative aspects, in our attempt to offer a wider range of contributions and outcome validations, which have shown, among other less explicit elements, the existence of a social representation of the teaching formation such as: knowledge theoretical and practical; a necessity imposed by the symbolical conflicts of the social field; capacitation and compromisse. We acknowledge the relevance of the thoughts discussed here, though aware that this is just one of the possible approaches to the theme

Segurança do paciente no sistema de medicação: análise de enfermeiros de um hospital de ensino

This study aimed to identify and describe the factors related to Patient Safety in a medication system according to the nurses analysis in a teaching hospital from the photographic analysis method. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with mixed approach in a teaching hospital in Rio Grande do Norte. The population consisted of 42 nurses from inpatient units, of which 34 composed the study sample. As eligibility criteria, we defined nurses from public service and nurses who agreed to participate. Ethical determinations were observed, the study was submitted to the Ethics and Research of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes, obtaining the assent with ethical assessment certificate (CAAE 0098.0.051.294-11). For data collection, we used the photographic method (Photographic Analysis Technique) by Patricia Marck (Canada). It was developed in two phases: at first, we randomly captured photos from the medication system, resulting in 282 images; then we selected/processed the photographs, which were reduced to 10 images in Microsoft Excel 2010; in the second phase, the nurses answered the questionnaire divided into socio-professional profile and Digital Photography Scoring Tool (questions a and b ). For analysis of the question a , we used the content analysis technique, and for b , we used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 (temporary license). The socio-professional profile revealed the predominance of females; age group 34-43 years; professionals with specialization; 10-18 years of length of service; and nurses working exclusively in the hospital and who know the Patient Safety. The photographic analysis in relation to Patient Safety resulted in specific categories for each stage of the medication system. Regarding disposal, we identified Proper verification ; Improper verification ; Correct identification ; Disposal in single doses ; and Improper Environment , with predominance of that last category. As for storage: Proper storage ; Improper storage ; Risk of exchange/disappearance ; and Poor hygiene , with special reference to improper storage. In preparation: Risk of exchanging medication/patient ; Inappropriate physical space ; and Inadequate 9 preparation of controlled drugs , highlighting the first category. In drug administration: Lack of Personal Protective Equipment ; Use of Personal Protective Equipment ; Improper administration technique ; Proper administration technique ; Correct drug identification ; Incorrect drug identification ; and Peripheral venous access without identification . From the safety assessment of 10 photographs, by adapting the scores (1-10) to the Likert Scale, we identified three Totally Unsafe (Level 1), three Unsafe (Level 2), three Partially Safe (Level 3), one Safe (Level 4), and no photograph considered Totally Safe. This study identified the prevalence of unsafety in the medication system in the nurses opinion. We were also able to understand that, although nurses identify safety aspects, the most prevalent categories characterize an unsafe assessment. Nursing needs to reflect on its practice, identifying gaps in the medication system in order to achieve a proper and safe care

A noção de mobilidade social em adolescentes

O presente artigo aborda a compreensão dos adolescentes sobre a noção de mobilidade social, a partir de uma investigação realizada com estudantes de uma escola pública do interior paulista, refletindo sobre a forma como se dá a aprendizagem desta noção. Para a investigação descrita, foram realizadas entrevistas com 20 adolescentes, utilizando perguntas de caráter exploratório, embasadas no método clínico piagetiano, a partir das quais a noção de mobilidade social em adolescentes foi classificada em três níveis sociais propostos por Delval. Mediante os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a noção do conceito em questão é de difícil aquisição pelos adolescentes. Devido a isso, destaca-se a importância do tema para cursos de licenciatura, especialmente o de Ciências Sociais.

Vozes sociais e dimensão ética da lingüística aplicada: a construção discursiva da área nos CBLAs

This research deals with Applied Linguistics and its structure as a scientific field, in compliance with knowledge produced within the range of the Brazilian Congresses of Applied Linguistics (CBLA). The purpose of this research is to understand the meanings disclosed by the voices that make up the scientific discourse on this field, pointing toward its course of development, the ethical position that is peculiar to it and how this position is represented in its scientific practice. The scientific discourse typical of the production of knowledge of Applied Linguistics is now construed as leading to practices that define the production of this field of learning whose object is to study man and man s relationship to language. Theoretical groundwork is anchored on the work the Social Sciences have developed on the paradigmatic crises of science and the social changes resulting from modern and post-modern times, on Applied Linguistics researches on the identity of the field of study, its courses and ethics, and on the bakhtinian theory that supports a view of language as a social practice built under the aegis of the subject s ethics and responsibility. The corpus of this work comprises qualitative and quantitative data made into articles presented at the CBLA. The research methodology conforms to the interpretive paradigm and has the concept of social voices as its category of analysis. Results point towards the progress of Applied Linguistics that, from its role as a mediator discipline between linguistic theory and practical applications, is assuming a position in a field of study of its own, independent, with transdisciplinary characteristics, pursuing through its quests and redefinitions to get closer to the dimension of life and assuming the ethical position of taking on responsibility for its doings and sayings

São Vicente (RN) nos primeiros anos da TV: Memória, sociabilidade e cotidiano

The present work aims to reflect on the everyday and its Vincentian practices of sociability in the early years of the presence of television in the city of São Vicente (RN), from the memories of the protagonists who witnessed the first insertion of TV set sin the beginning sof 1970s.Thus, the research was guided by some questions deemed relevant to the study in order to understand the most significant changes in the daily Vincentian boosted by the arrival of television in some private houses, which soon became a meeting place, recreation and sociability. At that time, filled the role of TV unites and brings people together. These houses, reinvented in spaces of sociability, were sanctioned by the various actors who gathered daily to include television programming. This popularity of television was measured by the joint efforts of people who moved their homes to homes that had this technical device. Each home with their uniqueness sand peculiarity, which attracted the population frequency f these spaces were frequent. Of course people still sit on the sidewalks, to be held the night rides in the streets and square, but soon came to the program schedule Preferred came into leaving their homes or to homes that had TV, watch them in the design of audiovisual programs. We use the oral memory as the principal methodology in order to interpret the memories recounted by people who lived in that time period studied. For this purpose we constructed a narrative that highlights the categories memory, media, social practices, everyday life and thus has the theoretical and methodological contributions of authors of humanities and social sciences its main foundation. In field research in the use of in-depth interviews, since the narratives of our research is interviewed. The importance of a study of such order, is not only in understanding the TV as an essential mediator for the interaction of individuals in society, from 1970 in São Vicente (RN), but also for the unveiling of his relationship with the daily routines of the Vincentians, founded in environments and symbols that regulated the conduct and reordered the social practices and sociability of these subjects. In this sense, the making of a work on the presence of TV in the city of São Vicente (RN) is also of paramount importance for the history of this media at the national level, since this is nothing more than a set of multiple stories

Empreendedorismo social e protagonismo juvenil: a estratégia socioeducativa do projeto Oasis de intervivência universitária

This dissertation aims to analyze the strategy of socio Intervivência University Project OASIS training of community development from the perspective of social entrepreneurship. This project was part of the context of a sort of university extension, called Intervivência University, which emerged in 2008 through the announcement MCT / CNPq / CT-Agribusiness / MDA - No. 23/2008 - Intervivência University Program. With the analysis of the OASIS project sought to identify a strategy socio, which was used elements of popular education and aimed to develop young people within the social entrepreneurship that made contributions to such has taken actions in their communities seeking range of social gains. For this, the methodological aspect, it was used in the research, a qualitative approach, case study, content analysis, semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation. In the theoretical aspect was addressed in the affairs of: social entrepreneurship, with emphasis on the concept, their differentiations of business entrepreneurship and social responsibility, and characterizing the social entrepreneur, popular education, as for the development of social entrepreneurship is the need for a new way of thinking and seeing reality for the people, and youth leadership, given the importance in the context of social action, to have young people seeking a better life for their communities. Addressed the theory were drawn categories (capital, empowerment and youth participation) and subcategories of analysis (value, attitude, behavior, trust, cooperation, civic participation) used in this work. Given the information and analysis of interviews and observations could be perceived that the strategy promoted socio Project OASIS changes, or the reaffirmation of values, resulting in new attitudes and, consequently, new behaviors in the students interviewed. Has been identified in them the development of trust and cooperation. In the aspect of civic awakening was observed in some of them only. In relation to juvenile activity was perceived to develop actions aimed at social benefits for all respondents. Thus, the OASIS Project Intervivência University made contributions to the young participants in the research aspect of social entrepreneurship, influencing them in developing activities in the social sphere in which cities are embedded

Drogas, violência e políticas sociais: estudo de uma comunidade terapêutica

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

A prática do lazer em áreas urbanas sujeitas à exclusão social em Presidente Prudente - SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produção do conhecimento em Serviço Social: análise das dissertações de mestrado defendidas no Programa de Pós-graduação em Serviço Social da Unesp - Campus Franca entre 1999 e 2009 e a interface com a indústria calçadista de Franca-SP

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Análise documental em textos narrativos de ficção: subsídios para o processo de análise

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC

Água: um estudo sobre as representações sociais de alunos do ensino fundamental

Em vista de em minha trajetória acadêmica ter tido um ensino tradicional, no qual era desestimulada a participar das aulas, não emitindo minhas idéias e opiniões, procurei como professora, construir um percurso de diálogo com meus alunos, valorizando os seus conhecimentos sobre o tema em foco e articulando-os aos veiculados na escola. Assim, norteada pela idéia de resgatar/valorizar os conhecimentos que os alunos apreendem no seu meio familiar e cultural, delineei esta dissertação como um estudo sobre as representações sociais de água de alunos de 4ª série do ensino fundamental da Escola de Aplicação da Universidade Federal do Pará, no ano de 2007. Utilizei como suporte teórico metodológico a teoria das Representações Sociais formulada por Serge Moscovici articulada com a teoria do Núcleo Central de Jean-Claude Abric. A metodologia, caracterizada por uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, teve como técnicas de coleta de dados, o questionário, a evocação livre a partir da palavra indutora água, complementados pela entrevista. A pesquisa teve como sujeitos 110 estudantes da 4ª série, na faixa etária de nove a treze anos, sendo 60 do sexo feminino. A análise dos resultados revelou aspectos importantes sobre os alunos e suas representações e me possibilitou identificar que os conteúdos da representação social de água estão relacionados aos seguintes significados e sentidos: 1) ao consumo de água nos hábitos cotidianos de higiene e na alimentação; 2) a paisagem natural, formada de recursos hídricos; 3) aos fenômenos naturais, como a chuva e tsunami; 4) ao seu valor e a sua importância, como fonte de vida e de saúde; 5) as atitudes e ações concretas de tratamento da água; 6) ao cuidado e conservação do patrimônio hídrico natural; 7) ao seu simbolismo: a água como objeto de contemplação, beleza e de lazer e 8) as suas características. Quanto à estrutura da representação social de água, o núcleo central foi constituído pelas categorias semânticas: banho, beber, vida, limpa, rio e chuva e o sistema periférico, pelas categorias: economizar, poluição, lavar os alimentos, cachoeira, fazer comida, cristalina, diversão, mar, paz, tsunami, útil, poço e gota. A compreensão das representações dos alunos sobre a água foi fundamental para minhas reflexões sobre esse tema e pela possibilidade de elaboração de novas práticas pedagógicas embasadas no desafio de formar alunos-cidadãos que reconheçam a necessidade do uso responsável da água como bem finito que precisa ser conservado e preservado.

Contrato de trabalho temporário do assistente social nos centros de referência de assistência social - CRAS's de Belém/PA e sua repercussão na operacionalização da política de assistência social

Este trabalho tem por objetivo refletir e analisar sobre o contrato de trabalho temporário do assistente social e suas repercussões na operacionalização da Política de Assistência Social nos Centros de Referências de Assistência Social (CRAS) no município de Belém do Pará. Para tal foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo nos referidos CRA's, a qual teve como sujeito os assistentes sociais que possui contrato temporário nesses espaços sócio-ocupacionais nos últimos dois anos. Na pesquisa procurou-se conhecer os determinantes políticos organizacionais dessa forma de trabalho, as condições objetivas e subjetivas do trabalho das mencionadas profissionais e sua relação com as transformações no mundo do trabalho que vêm ocorrendo nos últimos anos. Teve como aporte teórico-metodológico a teoria marxista por entender que a mesma propicia uma leitura crítica da realidade social como todo, não fragmentado-a de maneira desconexa de um contexto político, econômico e social de determinada sociedade. Optou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados o formulário que fora constituído de questões abertas e fechadas. Assim, este estudo está estruturado em três partes, além da introdução e da conclusão. A primeira parte tenta efetuar uma abordagem sobre as transformações que vem ocorrendo no mundo do trabalho nas últimas décadas objetivando desvendar as determinantes dos contratos temporários do assistente social no CRA's do município; a segunda parte trata do neoliberalismo e da reforma do Estado no Brasil; na terceira foi efetuada uma análise sobre as condições do trabalho do assistente social nos CRA's, para então poder entender as repercussões dos contratos de trabalho temporário desses profissionais na operacionalização da Política de Assistência Social. Finalmente, foram efetuadas as considerações gerais sobre o resultado da referida pesquisa de campo.

Entrevista em serviço social: uma rediscussão crítica do instrumento técnico-operativo

A entrevista compreendida como instrumento mediador no processo do conhecimento, possibilita que o assistente social se aproxime da realidade de sua demanda, superando a aparência dos fenômenos e adquirindo maiores possibilidades interventivas diante das expressões da questão social. Partindo dessa compreensão, esta dissertação apresenta como objetivo analisar, criticamente, como tem se dado a prática profissional contemporânea do Serviço Social, no que diz respeito ao uso do instrumento entrevista. Neste intuito foram identificadas as diferentes concepções teórico-metodológicas sobre entrevista nas ciências sociais e o debate em torno da relação teoria-prática em Serviço Social, assim como, foi analisada a compreensão e a forma de utilização da entrevista por assistentes sociais na prática profissional. Orientada pelo método crítico dialético, a argumentação partiu de análises de materiais de aporte teórico e de uma pesquisa de campo realizada mediante entrevistas com duas assistentes sociais atuantes na área da assistência social e de duas da Saúde. Como resultado identificou que a carência de maiores problematizações acerca do instrumento tem rebatimentos no contexto institucional, de modo que, a maioria das entrevistadas apresentou dificuldade de associar o instrumento a referenciais teóricos e, não o percebeu como instrumento de mediação, sugerindo que a dicotomia teoria-prática é uma realidade bastante presente na prática profissional do Assistente Social.