Emergence of secretion-defective sublines of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 resulting from spontaneous mutations in the vfr global regulatory gene.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa undergoes spontaneous mutation that impairs secretion of several extracellular enzymes during extended cultivation in vitro in rich media, as well as during long-term colonization of the cystic fibrosis lung. A frequent type of strong secretion deficiency is caused by inactivation of the quorum-sensing regulatory gene lasR. Here we analyzed a spontaneously emerging subline of strain PAO1 that exhibited moderate secretion deficiency and partial loss of quorum-sensing control. Using generalized transduction, we mapped the secretion defect to the vfr gene, which is known to control positively the expression of the lasR gene and type II secretion of several proteases. We confirmed this secretion defect by sequencing and complementation of the vfr mutation. In a reconstruction experiment conducted with a 1:1 mixture of wild-type strain PAO1 and a vfr mutant of PAO1, we observed that the vfr mutant had a selective advantage over the wild type after growth in static culture for 4 days. Under these conditions, spontaneous vfr emerged in a strain PAO1 population after four growth cycles, and these mutants accounted for more than 40% of the population after seven cycles. These results suggest that partial or complete loss of quorum sensing and secretion can be beneficial to P. aeruginosa under certain environmental conditions.

Audit report on the Iowa Water Pollution Control Works Financing Program (Clean Water Program) and the Iowa Drinking Water Facilities Financing Program (Drinking Water Program), joint programs of the Iowa Finance Authority and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Iowa Water Pollution Control Works Financing Program (Clean Water Program) and the Iowa Drinking Water Facilities Financing Program (Drinking Water Program), joint programs of the Iowa Finance Authority and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Iowa State Fair Authority for the year ended October 31, 2009

Audit report on the Iowa State Fair Authority for the year ended October 31, 2009

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Iowa Agricultural Development Authority for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Iowa Agricultural Development Authority for the year ended June 30, 2010

Propane Regulatory Assistance Guide, 2010

This fact sheets summarizes, in brief form, the compliance requirements for transportation, storage, handling and use of propane. It is not intended to provide comprehensive guidance on regulatory compliance for those dealing with propane, but to highlight those requirements and to assist those who may be affected by the various requirements to obtain detailed information when needed. Information about requirements which apply to the use of propane as a motor fuel is not included.

Site Development and Facility Expansion Regulatory Assistance Program, 2001

The Iowa Department of Economic Development (IDED) helps businesses expand or locate all or part of their business in Iowa. It just makes sense for companies engaged in advanced manufacturing, biosciences and information solutions/financial services to look at Iowa and IDED helps to ensure their economic development timelines are met. Iowa is nationally recognized as an innovator in helping businesses by meeting their development needs in a timely and effective manner. IDED networks with Regulatory Assistance Coordinators in agencies across state government to reduce response time to businesses. This agency coordination helps to ensure that regulatory and compliance questions, or other needs associated with project site development and facility expansion are serviced quickly. We have listed information below about some of the more common regulatory requirements related to site development and expansion.

Audit report on the Iowa Lottery Authority for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Iowa Lottery Authority for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Iowa Water Pollution Control Works Financing Program and the Iowa Drinking Water Facilities Financing Program, joint programs of the Iowa Finance Authority and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Iowa Water Pollution Control Works Financing Program and the Iowa Drinking Water Facilities Financing Program, joint programs of the Iowa Finance Authority and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, for the year ended June 30, 2010

Intralesional regulatory T-cell suppressive function during human acute and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis.

The levels of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), analyzed by Foxp3 mRNA expression, were determined in lesions from patients with acute cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CCL). We demonstrated that Treg cells preferentially accumulate in lesions from ACL patients during the early phase of infection (lesion duration of less than 1 month). In addition, levels of Foxp3 mRNA transcripts were significantly higher in specimens from patients with CCL than in those from patients with ACL, suggesting a critical role of intralesional Treg cells in CCL. Intralesional Treg cells from both ACL and CCL patients were shown to have suppressive functions in vitro, since they inhibited the gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) produced by CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same patient in response to Leishmania guyanensis stimulation. Intralesional 2,3-indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA expression was associated with that of Foxp3, suggesting a role for IDO in the suppressive activity of intralesional Treg cells. In addition, a role, albeit minor, of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was also demonstrated, since neutralization of IL-10 produced by intralesional T cells increased IFN-gamma production by effector cells in an in vitro suppressive assay. These results confirm the role of intralesional Treg cells in the immunopathogenesis of human Leishmania infection, particularly in CCL patients.