Semi-analytic slope delay model for CMOS switch-level timing verification

A novel slope delay model for CMOS switch-level timing verification is presented. It differs from conventional methods in being semianalytic in character. The model assumes that all input waveforms are trapezoidal in overall shape, but that they vary in their slope. This simplification is quite reasonable and does not seriously affect precision, but it facilitates rapid solution. The model divides the stages in a switch-level circuit into two types. One corresponds to the logic gates, and the other corresponds to logic gates with pass transistors connected to their outputs. Semianalytic modeling for both cases is discussed.

A Semi-Empirical Equation of Penetration Depth on Concrete Target Impacted by Ogive-Nose Projectiles

In this paper, the penetration process of ogive-nose projectiles into the semi-infinite concrete target is investigated by the dimensional analysis method and FEM simulation. With the dimensional analysis, main non-dimensional parameters which control the penetration depth are obtained with some reasonable hypothesis. Then, a new semi-empirical equation is present based on the original work of Forrestal et al., has only two non-dimensional combined variables with definite physical meanings. To verify this equation, prediction results are compared with experiments in a wide variation region of velocity. Then, a commercial FEM code, LS-DYNA, is used to simulate the complex penetration process, that also show the novel semi-empirical equation is reasonable for determining the penetration depth in a concrete target.

Semi-weight function method on computation of stress intensity factors in dissimilar materials

Semi-weight function method is developed to solve the plane problem of two bonded dissimilar materials containing a crack along the bond. From equilibrium equation, stress and strain relationship, conditions of continuity across interface and free crack surface, the stress and displacement fields were obtained. The eigenvalue of these fields is lambda. Semi-weight functions were obtained as virtual displacement and stress fields with eigenvalue-lambda. Integral expression of fracture parameters, K-I and K-II, were obtained from reciprocal work theorem with semi-weight functions and approximate displacement and stress values on any integral path around crack tip. The calculation results of applications show that the semi-weight function method is a simple, convenient and high precision calculation method.

Examination of the LBM in simulation of microchannel flow in transitional regime

The gas flows in micro-electro-mechanical systems possess relatively large Knudsen number and usually belong to the slip flow and transitional flow regimes. Recently the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was proposed by Nie et al. in Journal of Statistical Physics, vol. 107, pp. 279-289, in 2002 to simulate the microchannel and microcavity flows in the transitional flow regime. The present article intends to test the feasibility of doing so. The results of using the lattice Boltzmann method and the direct simulation Monte Carlo method show good agreement between them for small Kn (Kn = 0.0194), poor agreement for Kn = 0.194, and large deviation for Kn = 0.388 in simulating microchannel flows. This suggests that the present version of the lattice Boltzmann method is not feasible to simulate the transitional channel flow.

Semi-gas kinetics model for performance modeling of flowing chemical oxygen-iodine lasers (COIL)

A semi-gas kinetics (SGK) model for performance analyses of flowing chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) is presented. In this model, the oxygen-iodine reaction gas flow is treated as a continuous medium, and the effect of thermal motions of particles of different laser energy levels on the performances of the COIL is included and the velocity distribution function equations are solved by using the double-parameter perturbational method. For a premixed flow, effects of different chemical reaction systems, different gain saturation models and temperature, pressure, yield of excited oxygen, iodine concentration and frequency-shift on the performances of the COIL are computed, and the calculated output power agrees well with the experimental data. The results indicate that the power extraction of the SGK model considering 21 reactions is close to those when only the reversible pumping reaction is considered, while different gain saturation models and adjustable parameters greatly affect the output power, the optimal threshold gain range, and the length of power extraction.

Estimación del comportamiento de los principales índices reproductivos de un hato Cebú, bajo explotación semi-intensiva en el trópico seco de Nicaragua

El presente estudio se llevó a cabo utilizando datos de registros reproductivo de los años 1976 a1985, de un hato de vacas Cebú en el departamento de Rivas, ubicado a 11º, 26, Latitud Norte; 85º, 50`, longitud Oeste y una elevación de 70 m.s.n.m; con una temperatura, humedad relativa y precipitación pluvial promedio en los últimos 14 años de 28, 89oc,-86.69% y 1,654.5mm anuales, respectivamente. Las variables en estudio fueron: edad de incorporación (EI), Edad al primer parto (EPP), intervalo parto-primera inseminación (IPPI), periodo de servicio (PS), Intervalo parto-parto (IPP), y nùmero de servicios por concepción (NSC); con promedios de 44+/-10 meses, 54+/4 meses, 202+/87 días, 2201+/9-98 días, 513+/-102 días y 1.54+/-0.03 servicios, respectivamente. En el ANDEVA para EI, resulto significativo el año de nacimiento, mes de nacimientos y unidad de producción estatal (UPE); para la EPP el año, mes y UPE resultaron no significativos, a diferencia de la covariable edad de incorporación; para IPPI Y PS resultaron significativos el año de parto, mes de parto, UPE y covariable cada de parto; para el IPP resulto significativo el año y no significativo el mes, UPE y covariables edad al parto. Las correlaciones lineales entre: NSC con IPP, PS; IPP con PS, IPPI y EP; IPPI y EP; resultaron significativas con un coeficiente de: +0.250, +0.232, +0.121, +0.934, +0.859, +0.201, +0.918, -0.246 y -0.297, respectivamente. Las regiones para la PS con IPPI, IPPI con EP, NSC con EP, IPP con NSC y PS, resultaron significativas con coeficiente: +0.97 días, -1.16 días /mes, +0.0044 servicios/mes, +4.02 días/servicio y +0.93 días, respectivamente.

Estudio de los principales índices productivos de un hato cebú en explotación semi-intensiva en el trópico seco de Nicaragua

El presente trabajo se realizó en los registros de un Hato Cebú en la empresa Genética Jorge Camargo, ubicada a11 ½ kilómetros de la Ciudad de Rivas, a una latitud 11 26.N y una longitud de 85 50’w y una elevación de msnm, con temperatura promedio anual, humedad relativa y precipitación promedio anual en los últimos catorce años de 26.22C, 80.23% y 1.150mm respectivamente. Las variables en estudio fueron PNC, EDC, PMDC, PDC205D, GMDD con promedio de 31.004+2.67kg, 6.039-+ 0.937 mes, 409.84+ 36.98 kg, 181.5+ 28.99 kg, 0741+_ 0.159 kg respectivamente. En el ANDEVA las variables PNC, EDC, PDC205D, GMDD resultaron significativas para el año de parto (AP) para PNC, EDC, PMDC, PDC205D, GMDD resultaros significativas el mes de parto (MP) y para EDC resulto significativo la EMP no así para PNC, GMDD. Las correlaciones lineales EDC con PNC resulto ser significativa y con un valor de -0.06 de la misma manera la EDC, GMDD, EMP, EMDC con PDC205D resultaron ser significativa con valor de -0.637 y -0.20 respectivamente. La dependencia y valor de -0.637 y -0.20 respectivamente. La dependencia lineal de PNC con SC es significativa con un valor -1.01 kg/kg, asimismo el PDC205D con GMDD, PNC y EMDC resultan significativos y con valor de 1.0 kg/kg, 1.0 Kg/kg y -.025 kg/mes respectivamente, así como también la GMDD con PNC resulto ser significativa, así como también la GMDD con PNC resultó ser significativa y con valor de -0.002 kg/kg.