1000 resultados para Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto - RS
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This study describes the richness of Leguminosae used by 21 traditional farmers in coffee agroforestry systems (AFS) and forest fragments of the Atlantic Forest, in the municipality of Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It also presents the use categories, relative importance and the species similarity between the AFSs. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation, between August 2005 and November 2006, directed during random walks in seven AFSs and forest fragments surrounding the State Park of Serra do Brigadeiro. The farmers cited 59 species of Leguminosae, of which 86% are native to the Atlantic Forest and used in ancient cultural practices, such as to make bullock carts. Twelve categories of use were established, among them the most important were fertilizer and firewood (21 spp each); in the AFSs, species used for soil fertilization (18 spp) are the most utilized, and in the forest, the species for firewood and technology (17 spp.) The relative importance index showed that in the forest, Piptadenia gonoacantha showed 83% of agreement for the use as wood for fencing pastures, while in the AFSs, Inga edulis scored 100% as food. The AFSs studied show little similarity of species (0.42 of the Sorensen scale), due to the selection promoted by the farmers, thus, providing room for the conservation of useful species of Leguminosae.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV
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Fish belonging to the family Rivulidae possess one of the most complex reproductive systems. Rivulus, a genus of freshwater fish in the Rivulidae family, was recently reclassified into five genera, including Melanorivulus. Its type species, M. punctatus, is widely distributed and probably represents a species complex. The ultrastructure of sperm has been broadly used in systematics, and we hereby describe the ultrastructural features of spermatogenesis in M. punctatus. Ten M. punctatus males were collected from the reservoir of Parque Estadual da Quineira, municipality of Chapada dos Guimardes, Mato Grosso, Brazil, and prepared for analysis by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. M. punctatus undergoes cystic spermatogenesis. Its cysts consist of groups of germ cells that are in synchronous development and are surrounded by cytoplasmic projections of Sertoli cells. With the breakdown of the cysts, the spermatozoa are released and their maturation is completed in the duct, where part of the cytoplasmic material is discarded through the vesicles. The mature spermatozoon is characterized by a spherical head with homogeneously condensed chromatin, a symmetric midpiece consisting of a pair of perpendicular centrioles, a ring of mitochondria, several vesicles, and one flagellum medial to the nucleus. Early stages of spermatogenesis show no peculiarities; however, in spermiogenesis, we observed that the spermatids remain interconnected by cytoplasmic bridges and have pockets of residual cytoplasm. The sperm is of the aquasperm type and is similar to that observed in the members of the family Rivulidae. The spermatozoa have a single flagellum that consists of a classic axoneme (9 +2), as found in most groups of fish, despite the lateral extensions. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This study characterized the Atlantic Forest vegetation and compared the structure of the native tree community occurring along a toposequence at watershed D of the Serra do Mar State Park, municipality of Cunha, SP - Brazil. The study was conducted in 64 plots, of 10 x 10 m, distributed in sites downstream (T1), intermediate (T2) and upstream (T3) of the toposequence, recording all individuals with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) >= 0.5 cm. Altogether 1.093 individuals were sampled, and 89 species were identified, belonging to 61 genders and 31 families. At T1 site there was a greater abundance and density of individuals; T2 had the highest diversity index and basal area; while in T3 it was observed highest species richness and greater percentage of rare species. The specie Cyathea delgadii in the lower third of toposequence, and the Alchornea triplinervea in the intermediate and upper third were the most important. The sites downstream and upstream of the toposequence showed the largest differences in structure. In the middle portion of the watershed and there was a greater difference between the similarity between species.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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From November 2009 to January 2010 we collected 22 specimens of Physalaemus cuvieri from a preserved area (State Park of Serra do Mar - Núcleo Santa Virginia, São Paulo State, Brazil) and 21 specimens from a disturbed area with habitat fragmentation (rural areas – São Luis do Paraitinga municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil) to compare the helminth fauna associated to this anuro species. The helminth fauna is composed by the nematodes of family Cosmocercidae, Physaloptera sp. and Rhabdias sp. as well as Acanthocephalus saopaulensis in the individuals from the preserved area; the individuals from the fragmented area also presented nematodes of family Cosmocercidae, Physaloptera sp. and Rhabdias sp. as well as Oswaldocruzia subauricularis and the monogenea Polystoma cuvieri. Prevalence, mean intensity of infection, mean abundance, mean richness, importance index (IE) and Dominance frequency were calculated in both localities, but there was no statistical diference. The diversity of helminth species was calculated by Shannon, Brillouin and Berger-Parked index, and by using Shannon diversity t-test we compared helminths diversity associated with anfibian from this two localities
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A comunidade vegetal pode ser constituída por diversas formas de vida, envolvendo desde plantas vasculares a não vasculares, bem como uma ampla gama de grupos taxonômicos e funcionais. Sendo considerada parte integrante do ciclo de crescimento florestal associados às fases iniciais do estabelecimento e desenvolvimento deste ciclo. Espécies herbáceas e subarbustivas, uma guilda importante, mesmo dentro de formações florestais, possuem um grande poder de colonização e modificação da comunidade, com isso o estabelecimento de indivíduos de porte arbóreo pode ser restringido pelo aumento de biomassa dessas espécies, pois tais vegetais por encobrirem o solo podem inviabilizar o processo germinativo do banco de sementes, transitório ou permanente. Este estudo analisou a relação entre cobertura de Arecaceae, Samambaias, Poaceae e Bromeliaceae, e a densidade e diversidade da regeneração natural de lenhosas em um trecho de Floresta Ombrófila Densa situada no Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho. Formam inventariadas 120 parcelas contidas em 6 transectos. Cada transecto contou com 20 parcelas (1m X 1m), sendo que 10 delas estavam inseridas em locais onde ocorrem manchas de Calathea communis (Maranthaceae) e as outras 10 em locais desprovidos desta espécie. Os indivíduos regenerantes foram divididos em 3 classes de altura, a classe A compreendeu plântulas lenhosas de 10 a 15 cm, a classe B de 16 a 50 cm e a classe C envolveu jovens de 50 a 150 cm.. A quantificação da cobertura das diferentes guildas foi realizada em manchas com presença e ausência de Calathea communis, no interior das parcelas. Através de uma análise de variância, conclui-se que existe uma tendência da Calathea communis interferir na cobertura de todas as formas de vida estudadas. Para as Arecaceae, Samambaias, Poaceae e Bromelias, o teste de ANOVA two-way, mostrou uma variação significativa (p<0,05), em pelo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Espécies de plantas, animais ou microrganismos introduzidos em ecossistemas do qual não fazem parte originalmente podem ser chamados de exóticos. Esses organismos podem se adaptar e propagar, prejudicando processos naturais e espécies nativas. Os impactos das introduções sobre a biota nativa podem ser imperceptíveis ou mesmo catastróficos, uma vez que estas espécies podem causar profundas alterações na estrutura dos ecossistemas. Em 1983, 15 espécies de mamíferos foram introduzidas na Ilha Anchieta, Ubatuba, SP. Em 2005 a partir de transecções lineares foi possível determinar a abundância relativa, densidade e tamanho populacional de nove espécies introduzidas e uma nativa que mostro que a ilha possui uma alta densidade de mamíferos (480.21 ind/km²). Neste estudo, a partir de dados de coletados em 2008-2009 poderemos comparar os resultados obtidos no mesmo local em 2004-2005. Foram instaladas 42 armadilhas fotográficas para detecção dos mamíferos (sete armadilhas no mês de outubro de 2008 e 35 entre os meses de fevereiro e julho de 2009). Foi utilizado também e como principal ferramenta o censo via transectos lineares onde, foram dispostas 17 trilhas de 400m cada e o levantamento dos mamíferos foi realizado durante o dia, com saídas na parte da manhã às 6:00 e na parte da tarde às 17:00. As trilhas foram percorridas entre os meses de fevereiro e outubro de 2009 e foram percorridos 38,4 km nos transectos lineares. Foram introduzidas duas espécies de cutias (Dasyprocta azarae e D. leporina) entretanto os VIII indivíduos registrados na amostragem por transectos lineares foram identificados apenas ao nível de gênero. Dasyprocta spp. (33%), Dasypus novemcinctus (27,97%) e Callithrix penicillata (19,49%) foram as espécies com maior frequência relativa de ocorrência no censo (vestígios e avistamentos)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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The urbanization process in the Brazilian cities is directly linked to its main economic activities, and causes several impacts on the natural resources. It can be seen at the city of Ilhabela, an archipelago located at the north coast of the state of São Paulo, that still has a great area of preserved Atlantic Rainforest, and where today the tourism is the main economic activity. With this in sight, this paper aimed to make a prospect of the current situation of the city, looking at the main aspects of its economic and urban development and the environmental impacts related to them. Among the aspects studied, are the irregular occupations at preservation areas on the island: the pressure on the sea ecosystems by the fishing and the boat circulation, and at the beaches by the tourists flow. Were also observed the characteristics of the city’s urban infrastructure, such as the water supply, sewer and road networks and the waste collecting. Finally, it was analyzed the way that the government acts over the preservation of the island’s natural resources, by the Municipality and the Ilhabela State Park, so that the acting of these two agents could be compared
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As Unidades de Conservação são sub-divididas em duas categorias: Proteção Integral, com objetivos de manutenção do ecossistema livre da interferência humana na qual é permitido apenas o uso indireto; e de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, que tem por objetivo equilibrar a conservação da natureza com o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. O Parque de Jacupiranga era localizado na região sul do estado de São Paulo, denominada Vale do Ribeira, sendo criado em 1961 com aproximadamente 141 mil ha e cerca de 8 mil moradores presentes no seu interior, incluindo comunidades tradicionais, quilombolas, e agricultores migrantes de outros estados. O mosaico de Jacupiranga foi criado em 2008, com o objetivo de atender reivindicações dos moradores que sofriam restrições de suas atividades por estar dentro de uma unidade de conservação de proteção integral, com isso, o antigo PEJ sofreu a recategorização, e foram criadas 3 unidades de proteção integral e 7 de uso sustentável na antiga área do parque. O objetivo foi analisar as mudanças socioeconômicas e ambientais das famílias que sofreram com a recategorização do antigo Parque Estadual do Jacupiranga para a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) dos Quilombos de Barra do Turvo e a Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Planalto do Turvo, Mosaico de Jacupiranga/SP, onde a legislação ambiental permite a presença de moradores bem como suas atividades de subsistência. A coleta de dados foi feita pelo processo de entrevistas estruturadas realizadas com 12 moradores escolhidos por indicação dos próprios moradores das áreas tanto da APA quando da RDS. Com isso, pode-se observar uma maior liberdade nas atividades de uso da terra praticadas pelos moradores, contudo, mesmo com a recategorização, os investimentos públicos locais não são suficientes para propiciar uma boa qualidade de vida para as famílias das áreas analisadas
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The current concern with environmental issues by the scientific community, governmental and civil society also brings out the need to recover, preserve and conserve the environment. With this understanding, this work was prepared, which had as one of the main objectives of the historical process of land use and occupancy of the Pontal, since the nineteenth century to the present day. From this, the changes were evident in the types of land use, which rose from native forest to plant crops (permanent and temporary crops) and later as pasture. Through this process of occupation, exploitation of forests and replacement even three, Reserves being brought from the Far West Paulista, through the state government of Sao Paulo, they were almost decimated. Such areas decreed by law to be preserved and conserved, with the rampant occupations, were suffocated by the fakes and illegal occupation of land tenure contracts, leaving the region currently only a few forest fragments and protected areas of State Park Morro do Diabo, PRNP Boa Vista and Ecological Station Black Lion Tamarin. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the main legislation being developed by federal and state levels aimed at protecting natural resources and the effectiveness they had with the passage of time, demonstrating that the conservation of the environment, has several contributions in the law, however, and they are so vast that hinder its application.
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In Brazil, there are three main codes that surround the issue of right or possession of various lands according to concepts of ownership or purchase. When it comes to indigenous issues in Brazil is difficult to say which legal code applies more fairly the native population of the country. In the case of the Indians who have their reserves near urban areas there is such a conflict of laws becomes more evident and takes even greater than in other regions of Brazil. As is the case in the indigenous villages of the District of Jaragua in Greater São Paulo, the Tekoá YTU and Tekoá Pyau. The two villages are located in northeastern São Paulo and currently are surrounded by continuous growth and disorderly city of Sao Paulo while their inhabitants fight to preserve the customs and traditions of the Guarani people. They prevail on the City Statute (2001), the Indian Statute (EDI) Environmental Laws and the National Council of Environment (CONAMA) and the Forestry Code, the latter solely because they are near the State Park Jaragua - area environmental preservation