Report of the Expert Group Meeting on the Caribbean Information Society

The meeting was convened as part of this office's strategy to continue to provide support to CDCC Member States in implementing the WSIS Plan of Action. The thirty two participants were in general knowledgeable about the Information Society activities of their respective governments and organisations. The objective of the meeting was to apprise CDCC Member Countries of the activities which the Secretariat had undertaken in the area of Information and Communications Technology for Development as a follow up to the Twentieth Session of the CDCC and in response to the resolution tabled at that session; to facilitate the exchange of information among countries and agencies in the region with respect to ICTs for development in general and the WSIS process in particular; hear reports on progress made at the national level, with special focus on the area of e-government and government policies in the area of ICTs; and to get a snapshot as to where the region is positioned vis a vis the WSIS agenda. A Caribbean ICT Stocktaking report was presented and there was an update on the e-LAC strategy. Several recommendations were made with respect to ECLAC's continuing involvement in this area - among them, that ECLAC should assist countries with preparing national e-strategies, develop strategic partnerships especially with the CARICOM Secretariat, develop databases and other information four use by the CDCC countries and continue its stocktaking work

REDD+ en América Latina. Estado actual de las estrategias de reducción de emisiones por deforestación y degradación forestal

Incluye bibliografía.

Energy Consumption and Efficiency: Emerging Challenges from Reefer Trade in South American Container Terminals

This issue of the FAL Bulletin discusses the relevance of energy consumption as a basis for identifying energy efficiency potential and calculating the carbon footprints of ports and terminals in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), focusing on the Southern Cone countries of Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay.

La brecha de infraestructura económica y las inversiones en América Latina

E l presente Boletín FAL , tiene por objeto presentar y poner a disposición de los usuarios, la base de datos de inversiones en infraestructura económica de América Latina y el Caribe (EII-LAC-DB) construida por la Unidad de Servicios de Infraestructura de CEPAL. La información contenida en este Boletín FAL corresponde al periodo 1980-2012, según las mediciones realizadas por el Banco Mundial, la CEPAL y el acuerdo de cooperación entre CEPAL y CAF.

The economic infrastructure gap and investment in Latin America

This edition of the FAL Bulletin aims to present and encourage the use of the economic infrastructure investment database for Latin America and the Caribbean (EII-LAC-DB), built by the Infrastructure Services Unit of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). The information contained refers to the period 1980-2012, in keeping with measurements undertaken by the World Bank, ECLAC and under the cooperation agreement between ECLAC and the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF).

Capital Flows to Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Developments

For six years, the global economy has been driven by the U.S. Federal Reserve’s policies of easy money. Liquidity has flowed from developed to developing economies, financing infrastructure and corporate investment and allowing consumers to indulge in credit-fuelled retail spending. Thus the effective ending of the Fed’s third round of asset purchases (QE3) at the end of October represents both a watershed and the beginning of a new stage in the world economy. The end of asset-purchases comes at a challenging time for emerging markets, with China’s economy slowing, the Euro zone struggling to avoid a recession and the Japanese economy already in recession. The unwinding of the U.S. monetary stimulus, while the European Central Bank and the Bank of Japan step up their monetary stimulus, has underpinned an appreciation by the U.S. dollar, in which most commodities are priced. An appreciated dollar makes dollar-denominated commodities more expensive to buyers, thereby creating pressure for sellers to lower their prices. Latin American markets ended the third quarter of 2014 under pressure from a stronger U.S. dollar. In this changing external context, there are many signs that a slowdown in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) financial markets, particularly debt markets, which have been breaking issuance records for the past six years, may slowdown from now on. Commodity prices – including those of oil, base metals and some goods – are in a prolonged slump. The Bloomberg commodity price index, a benchmark of commodity investments, has fallen to a five-year low as China’s economy slows down, and with it the demand for commodities. Investment into the LAC region has decelerated, in large part because of a deceleration of mining investments. Latin American currencies have suffered depreciations, as current account deficits have widening for a number of countries. And LAC companies, having issued record amounts of foreign currency bonds may now struggle to service their debt. In October, credit-rating agency Moody’s downgraded the bonds of Brazil’s Petrobras to tow notches above speculative grade because of the impact of falling oil prices and the weaker real on its debt. Growth prospects look brighter in 2015 relative to 2014, but a strengthening U.S. dollar, uneven global growth and weakness in commodity prices are skewing the risk toward the downside for the 2015 forecasts across the region. The Institute of International Finance expects the strengthening of the dollar to have a divergent impact across the region, however, depending on trade and financial linkages. The Institute of International Finance, Capital Flows to Emerging Markets, October 2, 2014. A stronger dollar lifts U.S. purchasing power, supporting exports, growth and capital inflows in countries with close trade links to the U.S. economy. However, rising dollar financing costs will increase pressure on countries with weak external positions. Given the effects of falling oil prices and a stronger dollar, some companies in the region, having issued record amounts of foreign currency bonds, may now struggle to service their debts. Prospects of Fed rate hikes resulting in tighter global liquidity amid the rapid rise in the corporate external bond stock has indeed raised concerns over some companies. However, there is still a shortage of bonds at a global level and the region still enjoys good economic policy management for the most part, so LAC debt markets may continue to enjoy momentum despite occasional bursts of high volatility – even if not at the record levels of recent years.

Capital Flows to Latin America and the Caribbean: 2014 Overview

Divergence in macro trends and in monetary policy in advanced economies was a dominant driver of rates and currencies in emerging markets in 2014. Diverging macroeconomic developments were reflected in different monetary policy actions in 2014, with the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of Japan (BOJ) moving in the opposite direction of the U.S. Federal Reserve. The unwinding of the U.S. monetary stimulus, while the ECB and the BOJ step up their monetary stimulus, has underpinned an appreciation by the U.S. dollar, in which most commodities are priced. Latin American markets, which started the year under pressure from fears of the U.S. Federal Reserve tapering off its quantitative easing program and concerns over stability, ended 2014 under pressure from a stronger U.S. dollar. However, there are many signs that a slowdown in LAC financial markets – particularly debt markets, which have been breaking records in debt issuance for the past six years – is under way. The region’s growth prospects look somewhat brighter in 2015 relative to 2014, but a strengthening U.S. dollar, uneven global growth and weakness in commodity prices are skewing the risk toward the downside for the 2015 forecasts across the region.

Methodological Guide for developing Environmental and Sustainable Development Indicators in Latin American and Caribbean countries

This methodological guide is intended as a practical tool for the design and implementation of systems of national indicators to evaluate the success of environmental and sustainable development initiatives, and to define policymaking priorities. The methodology derives from work carried out in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries keeping in mind that the manner in which indicators are constructed and updated has an impact on their overall quality and possible uses.

Espacios de diálogo y cooperación productiva: el rol de las PYMES

Prólogo de Alicia Bárcena y Jorge Valdez

Reinforcing production cooperation and dialogue spaces: the role of SMEs

Foreword by Alicia Bárcena and Jorge Valdez

Capital Flows to Latin America and the Caribbean. Q1 2016

Market sentiment and portfolio flows to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) ended the first quarter of 2016 on a more optimistic note than it started. There was a large rally in LAC assets in March, but its intensity was also a function of the very challenging start of the year, when credit and equity investors were deeply concerned about the risk of further slowdown in China’s GDP and the possibility of further devaluation.

Concentração de lactato, eletrólitos e hemogasometria em eqüinos não treinados e treinados durantes testes de esforço progressivo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A construção da paisagem na raia divisória São Paulo-Paraná-Mato Grosso do Sul: um estudo por teledetecção

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Encefalite viral induzida pelo vírus da dengue em camundongos suíços albinos: a resposta inflamatória do sistema nervoso central do hospedeiro neonato

Para estudar a resposta imune inata produzida especificamente no interior do SNC em desenvolvimento, evitando a influencia do sistema imune, empregamos modelo de infeccao viral induzida pela inoculacao intracerebral do virus da dengue em camundongos neonatos. Oito camundongos lactentes de dois dias de idade da espécie Mus musculus e variedade suica albina foram inoculados por via intracerebral com homogenado cerebral infectado com a especie Flavivirus (DENV3 genotipo III). Outro conjunto de animais foi utilizado como controle (nao infectado) e inoculado com igual volume de homogenado cerebral nao infectante e mantidos nas mesmas condicoes dos infectados. Decorridos 7 dias apos a infeccao os camundongos doentes foram sacrificados e tiveram seus cerebros processados para imunomarcacao de astrocitos e microglias. Quantificou-se a resposta imune glial no stratum lacunosum molecular (Lac Mol), radiatum (Rad) e pyramidale (Pir) de CA1-2 do hipocampo e na camada molecular do giro denteado (GDMol) usando o fracionador optico para estimar o numero de microglias e astrocitos em animais infectados e controles. Intensa astrocitose reativa e intensa ativacao microglial foram encontradas em animais neonatos com sinais clinicos de meningoencefalite. Entretanto, embora tenham sido maiores as estimativas do numero de microglias ativadas nos infectados (Inf) do que nos animais controles (Cont) nas camadas GDMol (Inf: 738,95 } 3,07; Cont: 232,73 } 70,38; p = 0,0035), Rad (Inf: 392,49 } 44,13; Cont: 62,76 } 15,86; p = 0,0004), em relacao ao numero total de microglias (ativadas ou nao) apenas o stratum radiatum mostrou diferença significante (Inf: 6.187,49 } 291,62; Cont: 4.011,89 } 509,73; p = 0,01). Por outro lado apenas a camada molecular do giro denteado mostrou diferenca no numero de astrocitos (Inf: 8.720,17 } 903,11; Cont: 13.023,13 } 1.192,14; p = 0,02). Tomados em conjunto os resultados sugerem que a resposta imune inata do camundongo neonato a encefalite induzida pelo virus da dengue (sorotipo 3, genotipo III) esta associada a um maior aumento do numero de microglias do que de astrocitos reativos e essa mudanca e dependente da camada e da regiao investigada. As implicacoes fisiopatologicas desses achados permanecem por ser investigadas.

Avaliação de testes para mensuração do condicionamento físico de equinos de salto

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV