Dolor precordial con esfuerzo físico causado por una miocarditis aguda

Deportista de 15 años que acude a Urgencias por presentar durante un entrenamiento dolor torácico opresivo irradiado a brazo izquierdo de una hora de evolución, acompañado de náuseas y mareo. Pruebas complementarias: ECG: elevación del segmento ST en la cara diafragmática y infradesnivelación en cara lateral; CK 3312 UI/l, troponina T 9,12 µg/l, GOT 408 UI/l. Ecocardiograma y radiografía de tórax normales. Ante la sospecha de isquemia es derivada a un centro especializado. El diagnóstico final fue de miocarditis aguda, con serología positiva para Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Se detallan los datos clínicos y evolución. Se permite el deporte de competición, aconsejándose controles cardiológicos semestrales, permaneciendo la paciente asintomática hasta la fecha.

Prevalencia de anticuerpos a Parainfluenza Bovina (PI-3) en ganaderías lecheras de dos parroquias del cantón Cuenca, Ecuador

Las afecciones respiratorias son algunas de las patologías que con mayor frecuencia se observan, particularmente en los bovinos jóvenes. Los agentes virales más corrientemente implicados son los responsables de las enfermedades conocidas como Síndrome Respiratorio Bovino. Entre ellas, el virus Parainfluenza bovina tipo 3 (PI-3) (Bryson, 1990). El mismo provoca una enfermedad infectocontagiosa, capaz de afectar el tracto respiratorio y predisponer a los animales infectados a una neumonía más grave, especialmente cuando se exponen a patógenos bacterianos como Pasteurela hemolítica o Mycoplasma spp. En otros países, como Colombia, se describen prevalencias muy altas del orden del 68% (Betancur et al., 2010). El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos a PI-3 en hembras bovinas de diferentes edades y grupos raciales en ganaderías lecheras de dos parroquias del cantón Cuenca, Ecuador.

Association of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis with intraepithelial alterations in cervix samples

The influence of different infectious agents and their association with human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinogenesis have not been completely elucidated. This study describes the association between cytological changes in cervical epithelium and the detection of the most relevant aetiological agents of sexually transmitted diseases. Samples collected from 169 patients were evaluated by conventional cytology followed by molecular analysis to detect HPV DNA, Chlamydia trachomatis , herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Mycoplasma genitalium , Trichomonas vaginalis, and Treponema pallidum , besides genotyping for most common high-risk HPV. An association between cytological lesions and different behavioural habits such as smoking and sedentariness was observed. Intraepithelial lesions were also associated with HPV and C. trachomatis detection. An association was also found between both simple and multiple genotype infection and cytological changes. The investigation of HPV and C. trachomatis proved its importance and may be considered in the future for including in screening programs, since these factors are linked to the early diagnosis of patients with precursor lesions of cervical cancer.

Portable “lab-on-chip” platform for bovine mastitis diagnosis in raw milk

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias, Especialidade de Ciências Biológicas e Biomédicas

Efecto de los dispositivos de emisión de microondas, radiofrecuencia no ablativa y ultrasonido microfocalizado en el tratamiento de la hiperhidrosis primaria revisión sistemática de la literatura

Antecedentes y objetivos: La hiperhidrosis primaria afecta el 2,8% de la población de Estados Unidos. Condición que impacta el desarrollo social de los individuos afectados, ocasionando fobia social. Existen opciones disponibles para el tratamiento de la hiperhidrosis incluyendo medicamentos tópico, sistémico, inyectable y quirúrgico. El objetivo de ésta revisión sistemática de la literatura es determinar la efectividad y seguridad de los dispositivos de emisión de microondas, radiofrecuencia no ablativa y sistema de ultrasonido microfocalizado para el tratamiento de la hiperhidrosis primaria. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura de artículos obtenidos de bases de datos: Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Ovid y Scielo. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados controlados, ensayos cuasiexperimentales desde el 2011; donde evaluaran el uso de estos dispositivos en el manejo de hiperhidrosis primaria. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 21 artículos en total. Se encontró que con los tres dispositivos se logra una reducción significativa a puntajes entre 1 y 2 de la escala de Severidad de la Hiperhidrosis; en 3 estudios se encontró mejoría en la calidad de vida; los eventos adversos fueron transitorios, siendo más frecuentes con el dispositivo de emisión de microondas. Conclusión: Primera revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el efecto de estos tres dispositivos en el manejo de hiperhidrosis. Se espera aportar a la literatura existente una recomendación acerca de la efectividad y seguridad de estos dispositivos para que sea aplicado en los pacientes con diagnóstico de hiperhidrosis primaria.

Molecular survey and genetic characterization of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in metropolitan Recife (north-eastern Brazil).

To identify DNA of the main tick-borne pathogens in dogs from Recife (Brazil), polymerase chain reactions were carried out on blood samples of dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco from March 2007 to June 2008. The detection of DNA was performed using specific primers. Amplicons were analyzed through electrophoresis and sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the UPGMA method, revealing that the sequences were closely related to those of strains from other geographic regions. Among the 205 blood samples analyzed, 48.78% was positive for Anaplasma platys; 38.04% was positive for Ehrlichia canis; 7.31% was positive for Babesia canis vogeli; and 0.49% was positive for Hepatozoon canis and Mycoplasma haemocanis. Coinfection of two or three pathogens was found in 23.9% (49/205) of the dogs. The subspecies B. canis vogeli was identified. Infection by H. canis and M. haemocanis is reported for the first time in dogs in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). The data indicate that the main tick-borne pathogens in dogs in this region are E. canis and/or A. platys, followed by B. canis vogeli.

Stewardship antibiotica neonatale: valutazione dell'esposizione antimicrobica nelle sospette early onset sepsis (EOS)

Background: Le early-onset sepsis (EOS) sono infezioni batteriche invasive definite dalla presenza di batteri nel sangue e/o nel liquor cefalorachidiano che esordiscono nelle prime 72 ore di vita e causano in epoca neonatale mortalità e morbilità importanti. Scopo: Determinare l’eccesso di trattamento antibiotico (Overtreatment index=OI) nei neonati di EG ≥34 settimane con sospetta sepsi ad esordio precoce. Metodi: Tutti i nati dal 1.01.2014 al 31.12.2018 di EG ≥34 settimane presso IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria e l’Ospedale Maggiore di Bologna che hanno ricevuto terapia antibiotica endovenosa nelle prime 168 ore di vita nel sospetto di EOS. Sono stati identificati 2 gruppi: EOS provata (N=7) ed EOS sospetta (N=465). Risultati: L’incidenza di EOS è stata 0.22 su 1000 nati vivi, rispettivamente 0.12/1000 per Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) e 0.06/1000 per Escherichia coli (E.coli). L’1.75% dei neonati ha ricevuto terapia antimicrobica empirica a largo spettro. L’OI è risultato 68. L’esposizione al trattamento antibiotico nella popolazione è stata di 85 giorni/1000 nati vivi. Tra i fattori di rischio materni, il tampone vagino-rettale (TVR) e l’urinocoltura positiva sono risultati associati al rischio di EOS provata (p=.017, p =.000). I valori di proteina C reattiva (PCR) al T0, T1 e T2 tra i due gruppi sono risultati significativi (p=.000). All’analisi multivariata è stata confermata la significatività delle variabili descritte. (TVR non noto OR=15.1, 95%CI 1.98-115.50, p =.009, urinocoltura positiva OR=30.1, 95%CI 3.6-252.1, p = .002, PCR T0 OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.29-2.07, p = .000.) Conclusioni: L’individuazione precoce di fattori di rischio e la valutazione degli indici di flogosi in neonati sintomatici può ridurre l’OI e la durata della terapia antibiotica in casi di sepsi non confermata. L’uso appropriato degli antibiotici in questa popolazione è particolarmente importante poichè riduce lo sviluppo di germi multiresistenti. Nelle Terapie Intensive Neonatali, i programmi di stewardship antimicrobica dovrebbero guidare la gestione delle sepsi.

European Union (EU) general farm animal directive applicability in Africa and bovine welfare assessment in Italy

The was conducted with objectives focusing on the EU farm animal directive and applicability in Africa focusing in Ethiopia, the welfare assessment and the effect of different bovine respiratory disease (BRD) treatment protocols in beef cattle fattening unit and the calves navel healing and fitness for transport. Different methodology was applied: relevant literates, international organization, regional organization, countries legislations, standards were assessed and reviewed, for assessing beef welfare and biosecurity a modified version of the Italian protocol for assessing beef cattle was adopted which is part of the ClassyFarm monitoring scheme, 264 Limousine bulls with an average age of 11 months at the entrance to fattening unit were considered. Mycoplasma bovis was tested using RT-PCR at arrival and with culture at after 15 days of arrival to the fattening unit. For studying the navel healing and effect on transport the navels of 299 dairy calves (55 males, 244 females) aged 0–90 days were examined. As a conclusion, the European Union (EU) farm directive, could not be completely implement in African countries like Ethiopia, but it could serve as a good starting point, so as after successful identification of the farm animal welfare critical points may help as a starting point with modification to the local situation in the ground. In beef welfare assessment, integration of different assessment parameters could be of useful, when assessing beef welfare, and further continues detail physiological parameters of welfare assessment for integration with other assessment protocols should be studied, our finding indicate that also BRD was a major welfare and health concern in the studied population and evidence the difficulties of antimicrobial treatment of M. bovis associated BRD. In transporting calves with a completely healed navel should be considered best practice because it ensures that calves that are too young are not transported.