Transformar a los hombres: un reto social

Review

Issue review : intercollegiate athletics funding at Iowa Regents universities.

An examination of the revenue and expenditures for intercollegiate sports at Iowa's three Regents universities, including a comparison of their distributions among men's and women's teams and consideration of the feasibility of varsity sports becoming self-supporting.

Low-cost MR-compatible moving heart phantom.

For the development and evaluation of cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences and methodologies, the availability of a periodically moving phantom to model respiratory and cardiac motion would be of substantial benefit. Given the specific physical boundary conditions in an MR environment, the choice of materials and power source of such phantoms is heavily restricted. Sophisticated commercial solutions are available; however, they are often relatively costly and user-specific modifications may not easily be implemented. We therefore sought to construct a low-cost MR-compatible motion phantom that could be easily reproduced and had design flexibility. A commercially available K'NEX construction set (Hyper Space Training Tower, K'NEX Industries, Inc., Hatfield, PA) was used to construct a periodically moving phantom head. The phantom head performs a translation with a superimposed rotation, driven by a motor over a 2-m rigid rod. To synchronize the MR data acquisition with phantom motion (without introducing radiofrequency-related image artifacts), a fiberoptic control unit generates periodic trigger pulses synchronized to the phantom motion. Total material costs of the phantom are US$ < 200.00, and a total of 80 man-hours were required to design and construct the original phantom. With schematics of the present solution, the phantom reproduction may be achieved in approximately 15 man-hours. The presented MR-compatible periodically moving phantom can easily be reproduced, and user-specific modifications may be implemented. Such an approach allows a detailed investigation of motion-related phenomena in MR images.

Suorituskyvyn analysointi ja mittaaminen julkisella sektorilla

Suorituskyvyn mittaamiselle ja seurannalle on nykyisin laajaa tarvetta myös julkisella sektorilla. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kehittää soveltuvia suorituskykyä kuvaavia mittareita ja rakentaa niistä käyttökelpoinen suorituskyvyn analysointijärjestelmä julkisen sektorin käyttöön. Ensisijaisena lähtökohtana olivat fyysiset mittarit, koska ne soveltuvat paremmin julkisen sektorin toimintaympäristöön.Tutkimuksen teoriaosassa esitetään joitakin suorituskyvyn analysointijärjestelmiä. Julkiselle sektorille soveliaina viitekehyksinä esitellään yleisellä tasolla balanced scorecard, suorituskykypyramidi, benchmarking, dynaaminen suorituskyvyn mittausjärjestelmä, laatupalkintokriteeristö, SAKE-sovellus ja suorituskykymatriisi.Työssä paneudutaan melko laajalti tekijöihin, joilla on voimakas vaikutus suorituskykyyn. Tällaisia tekijöitä ovat laatuasiat, tuottavuus ja organisaation kilpailukyvykkyys.Tutkimuksen käytännön osassa rakennettiin suorituskyvyn analysointi- ja mittausjärjestelmä. Ensin määriteltiin mittausjärjestelmään soveliaat suorituskyvyn osa-alueet ja seuraavaksi mittarit. Taloudellisia mittareita kehitettiin vain muutama, sillä pääpaino mittarien kehittelyssä olivat ei-taloudelliset mittarit. Mittaristo auttaa organisaatiota mittaamaan sen tilannetta matkalla jatkuvan parantamisen tiellä.

Increases in condomless sex in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.

Condomless sex is a key driver of sexually transmitted diseases. In this study, we assess the long-term changes (2000-2013) of the occurrence of condomless sex among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort study. The frequencies with which HIV-infected individuals reported condomless sex were either stable or only weakly increasing for 2000-2008. For 2008-2013, these rates increased significantly for stable relationships among heterosexuals and men who have sex with men (MSM) and for occasional relationships among MSM. Our results highlight the increasing public health challenge posed by condomless sex and show that condomless sex has been increasing even in the most recent years.

Suomalaisen rahastosijoittajan profiili

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on luoda suomalaisen rahastosijoittajan profiili. Tutkimuskohteena ovat sijoittajien demografiset ominaisuudet, rahastosijoitukset sekä rahastotransaktiot. Aineistona on erään suomalaisen rahastoyhtiön henkilöasiakastietokanta vuosilta 1998 - 2003. Tutkimustulosten mukaan rahastosijoittaminen on yleistynyt Suomessa viime vuosien aikana. Erityisesti naisten määrä rahastosijoittajien joukossa on kasvussa. Rahastosijoitusten suuruus riippuu sijoittajan iästä sekä sukupuolesta. Mitä vanhempi sijoittaja on, sitä enemmän hän on sijoittanut rahastoihin. Lisäksi miehet sijoittavat suurempia summia kuin naiset. Viimeisten kolmen vuoden aikana suomalaisten rahastosijoittajien sijoituskohteiden painopiste on muuttunut riskillisemmistä rahastoista vähäriskisiin rahastoihin, erityisesti lyhyen koron rahastoihin. Osakemarkkinoiden mennyt kehitys vaikuttaa sijoituspäätöksiin. Rahastosijoittajien markkina-ajoituskyky on kuitenkin melko heikko. Miehet tekevät aktiivisemmin merkintöjä ja lunastuksia ja lisäksi reagoivat naisia nopeammin markkinoiden muutoksiin.

Comparative effectiveness of gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND: Gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) has been adopted as a neoadjuvant regimen for muscle-invasive bladder cancer despite the lack of Level I evidence in this setting. METHODS: Data were collected using an electronic data-capture platform from 28 international centers. Eligible patients had clinical T-classification 2 (cT2) through cT4aN0M0 urothelial cancer of the bladder and received neoadjuvant GC or methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin (MVAC) before undergoing cystectomy. Logistic regression was used to compute propensity scores as the predicted probabilities of patients being assigned to MVAC versus GC given their baseline characteristics. These propensity scores were then included in a new logistic regression model to estimate an adjusted odds ratio comparing the odds of attaining a pathologic complete response (pCR) between patients who received MVAC and those who received GC. RESULTS: In total, 212 patients (146 patients in the GC cohort and 66 patients in the MVAC cohort) met criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The majority of patients in the MVAC cohort (77%) received dose-dense MVAC. The median age of patients was 63 years, they were predominantly men (74%), and they received a median of 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The pCR rate was 29% in the MVAC cohort and 31% in the GC cohort. There was no significant difference in the pCR rate when adjusted for propensity scores between the 2 regimens (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-1.72; P = .77). In an exploratory analysis evaluating survival, the hazard ratio comparing hazard rates for MVAC versus GC adjusted for propensity scores was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-1.54; P = .48). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who received neoadjuvant GC and MVAC achieved comparable pCR rates in the current analysis, providing evidence to support what has become routine practice. Cancer 2015;121:2586-2593. © 2015 American Cancer Society.

Antonio Agustín, Bologna e l’antiquaria del Cinquecento

One of the founders of numismatics in Modern Age was the archbishop of Tarragona and renowned jurist Antonio Agustín. He was educated during the mid-sixteenth century mainly in Italy, particularly in Bologna and Padua. His role in the development of antiquarian studies – and interest in collecting – ran parallel to the development of numismatics in the Cinquecento. His interest in realia , i.e., the materials and documents perceived as primary evidence of history understood in a global sense, make him a pioneer in setting the trends and methodologies which would be later employed by Bernard de Montfaucon. The period Antonio Agustín spent in Bologna, at the Reale Collegio di Spagna, between 1539 and 1544, afforded him the opportunity to enter a very cultivated circle where the admiration and study of the Antique was well established since the mid-fifteenth century. The cultural effervescence taking place in Bologna was encouraged by the court of Giovanni II Bentivoglio and the University alike. Artists also contributed to the development of antiquarian knowledge, and the painter Amico Aspertini (ca. 1475-1552) exemplifies this. It is clear that Antonio Agustín certainly benefited from the scholarly environment in Bologna during the first half of the Cinquecento, which had been firmly anchored since the fertile Quattrocento. Although the documentary evidence is scarce, and it is difficult to pinpoint the details, it is undeniable that Antonio Agustín was heavily influenced by his Bolognese experience.

Asiakkuuksien strateginen arvottaminen ja luokittelu

Tämän tutkimuksen kohdeorganisaatio on suuren teollisuusyrityksen sisäinen raaka-aineen hankkija ja toimittaja. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, mistä kohdeorganisaation hankinta-asiakkuuksien arvo muodostuu ja kuinka olemassa olevan liiketoimintadatan perusteella voidaan tutkia, arvioida ja luokitella kauppojen ja asiakkuuksien arvokkuutta aikaan sitomatta, objektiivisesti ja luotettavasti. Tutkimuksen teoriaosiossa esitellään lähestymistapoja ja menetelmiä, joiden avulla voidaan jalostaa olemassa olevasta datasta uutta sidosryhmätietämystä liiketoiminnan käyttöön, sekä tarkastellaan asiakaskannattavuusanalyysin, portfolioanalyysin, sekä asiakassegmentoinnin perusteita ja malleja. Näiden teorioiden ja mallien pohjalta rakennetaan kohdeorganisaatiolle räätälöity, indeksoituihin hinta-, määrä- ja kauppojen toistuvuus-muuttujiin perustuva, asiakkuuksien arvottamis- ja luokittelumalli. Arvottamis- ja luokittelumalli testataan vuosien 2003–2007 liiketoimintadatasta muodostetulla 389 336 kaupparivin otoksella, joka sisältää 42 186 arvioitavaa asiakkuussuhdetta. Merkittävin esille nouseva havainto on noin 5 000:n keskimääräistä selkeästi kalliimman asiakkuuden ryhmä. Aineisto ja sen poikkeavuudet testataan tilastollisin menetelmin, jotta saadaan selville asiakkuuden arvoon vaikuttavat ja arvoa selittävät tekijät. Lopuksi pohditaan arvottamismallin merkitystä analyyttisemman ostotoiminnan ja asiakkuudenhallinnan välineenä, sekä esitetään muutamia parannusehdotuksia.

Antioxidantes na manutenção do equilíbrio redox cutâneo: uso e avaliação de sua eficácia

The skin is a very complex organ, continuously exposed to physical, chemical and microbiological agents. Enzymes as well as low-molecular weight antioxidants are present in the cutaneous tissue to counterbalance the deleterious effect caused by an oxidative stress and thus maintain homeostasis. Antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, carotenoids, and extracts with these properties have been extensively used for treatment of pathologies and skin aging prevention. We review here different mechanisms that can interfere in the redox equilibrium of the skin, as well as the chemical reactions involved in these processes. Moreover, we discuss the importance of endogenous or exogenous antioxidants that can be acquired from the diet or from oral or topical administration, and methodologies that have been developed to evaluate their efficacy.

The Art & Science of Learning Design

We live in an era defined by a wealth of open and readily available information, and the accelerated evolution of social, mobile and creative technologies. The provision of knowledge, once a primary role of educators, is now devolved to an immense web of free and readily accessible sources. Consequently, educators need to redefine their role not just ¿from sage on the stage to guide on the side¿ but, as more and more voices insist, as ¿designers for learning¿.The call for such a repositioning of educators is heard from leaders in the field of technology-enhanced learning (TEL) and resonates well with the growing culture of design-based research in Education. However, it is still struggling to find a foothold in educational practice. We contend that the root causes of this discrepancy are the lack of articulation of design practices and methods, along with a shortage of tools and representations to support such practices, a lack of a culture of teacher-as-designer among practitioners, and insufficient theoretical development.The Art and Science of Learning Design (ASLD) explores the frameworks, methods, and tools available for teachers, technologists and researchers interested in designing for learning Learning Design theories arising from findings of research are explored, drawing upon research and practitioner experiences. It then surveys current trends in the practices, methods, and methodologies of Learning Design. Highlighting the translation of theory into practice, this book showcases some of the latest tools that support the learning design process itself.

Actitudes hacia la química de estudiantes de diferentes carreras universitarias en Colombia

This work reports a study on the attitudes of Colombian students towards Chemistry in different undergraduate programs. The research was performed on 769 students belonging to several Chemistry courses, by applying an adaptation of Salta and Tzougraki's test and using Likert's scale. The results revealed that Chemistry is being considered as difficult and little useful, but very interesting. Thus, the difficulty to learn Chemistry may be associated with its language and abstract conceptual nature. In addition, more attention should be given to the class contents and methodologies provided to the students, in order to engage them with those interest aspects and meaningful topics of each program

Doenças tropicais negligenciadas: uma nova era de desafios e oportunidades

In an article recently published in Química Nova, entitled "Chemistry Without Borders" ("Química Sem Fronteiras") [Pinto, A. C.; Zucco, C.; Galembeck, F.; Andrade, J. B.; Vieira, P. C. Quim. Nova 2012, 35, 2092], the authors highlighted the important aspects of science and technology with special emphasis on the field of Chemistry and its contributions toward a more prosperous Brazil of future. As a second step in that direction, this article extends the discussion of a key issue for the country in the framework of the chemistry community through the so called position papers in strategic areas. This document is a part of the contribution of the Brazilian Chemical Society to the World Science Forum to be held in Rio de Janeiro in November 2013. In this context, the present paper provides a brief discussion on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) with emphasis on the current challenges and opportunities towards the development and evolution of the field. NTDs leads to illness, long-term disability or death, and has severe social, economic and psychological consequences for millions of men, women, and children worldwide. In most cases, the available treatments are inadequate and extremely limited in terms of efficacy and safety, leading to an urgent demand for new drugs. In addition to the traditional challenges involved in any drug discovery process, it is widely recognized that there is an innovation gap and a lack of investment for research and development (R&D) in the area of NTDs. In the last few decades, methods toward combating, eradication, prevention, and treatment of NTDs have been repeatedly emphasized in the major international agendas. Developments in these strategies and alliances have continued to have an essential impact, particularly in the area of drug discovery, both in Brazil and globally and should be encouraged and supported. Several examples of international activities dedicated to the reduction of the devastating global impact of NTDs can be provided. Despite the beneficial developments in the past 30 years, NTDs continue to devastate poor communities in remote and vulnerable areas, in large part, due to market failures and public policies. Recent studies have shown that among 756 new drugs approved between 2000 and 2011, only four new chemical entities (NCEs) were identified for the treatment of malaria, while none were developed against NTDs or tuberculosis. Furthermore, only 1.4% of approximately 150,000 clinical trials were registered for neglected diseases, with a smaller number of trials for NCEs. Establishment and strengthening of global strategies involving the triad "government-academia-industry" is fundamental to the success in R&D of new drugs for NTDs. National and international public-private initiatives that aim to create, encourage, and invest in R&D projects have been implemented and therefore are of utmost importance to successfully integrate Brazil into this new paradigm. It is essential to lay the foundation for mechanisms that will intensify investments in infrastructure, training, and qualification of personnel with an ultimate strategic vision that foresees continuity. Our research group has made significant contributions to the development of this field with the goal of forging new frontiers while tackling both current and future challenges that include indispensable elements such as innovation and integration.

Eletrocromismo: fundamentos e a aplicação de nanomateriais no desenvolvimento de eletrodos de alto desempenho

This review deals with the basis and novel trends in electrochromism, describing the basic aspects and methodologies employed for the construction and analyses of different modified electrodes. The work presents the classic materials used for the construction of electrochromic electrodes, such as WO3 and a view on the basic concepts of chromaticity as a useful approach for analyzing colorimetric results. The report also addresses how the incorporation of nanomaterials and the consequent novel modification of electrodes have furthered this area of science, producing electrochromic electrodes with high performance, high efficiency and low response times.