Livelihoods and Vulnerability in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands of Southern Africa: Exploring the links between ecosystem services and poverty alleviation

This book sets out the findings of research conducted into the links between ecosystem services and poverty alleviation in Southern Africa. It follows from extensive primary research conducted in the region, as well as intensive engagement with researchers, policy-makers and relevant institutions in several countries in southern Africa, as part of the Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation Programme led by DFI, NERC and ESRC.

'Penetrating' foreign lands: contestations over African landscape. A case study from Eastern Zimbabwe

While it was happening, European expansion was often legitimised by evoking frontier images: pioneers setting off from the metropolis, penetrating wilderness in order to open access to resources, like minerals, living-space, and fertile lands. Central to the ideology of the frontier is the notion of 'no-man's land'. These 'pioneers', however, often had to face local inhabitants and their interpretations and uses of this land. Thus it will be argued that contestations over landscape were at the same time battles over the legitimation of European expansion, as well as over local perceptions of this process. Ideologically, contestations by Europeans and Africans become apparent in the sexualisation of landscape. This paper is based on the case study of a Valley in eastern Zimbabwe on the border with Mozambique, and more specifically of two tea estates which were established in the rainforest. Unusually late for the region, European influence in this remote area only began to become significant in the 1950s which were an important turning point regarding land and landscape in the area. These years of great change will be analysed in order to map out different strands of interest by the main parties involved. It will be demonstrated that their readings of landscape translated into contestations over land. A recent example of such a conflict will be given.

Downland, marsh, and weald: monastic foundation and rural intensification in Anglo-Saxon Kent

This paper takes a fresh look at the relationship between Christian conversion and economic change in Anglo-Saxon England, drawing upon new archaeological evidence from Kent. One of its primary aims is to exploit the archaeological record to provide a critical perspective on how these two processes may have related to one another, paying particular attention to previous assumptions concerning the role played by monastic institutions in the process of rural intensification in Anglo-Saxon England.

Attityder till betygsättning i ordning och uppförande : En studie bland lärare och elever i Ålands lyceum

Syftet med den här uppsatsen har varit att ta reda på hur lärare och elever i Ålands lyceum förhåller sig till ordnings- och uppförandekriterier i betygsättningen. Vi har sett på skillnader mellan kön och också mellan olika ämnen och vi har också jämfört vårt resultat med tidigare undersökningar som gjorts i Sverige. Vår undersökning har gjorts bland 104 elever i årskurs två på gymnasiet och åtta lärare i ämnena matematik, historia, svenska och idrott. Undersökningen bland eleverna gjordes genom enkäter och bland lärarna genom intervjuer.Resultatet visar att lärarna tycker att ordning och uppförande ska vägas in i ämnesbetyget, precis som det görs nu i Ålands lyceum. Det har visat sig att en majoritet av eleverna vill ha ett separat betyg eller omdöme i ordning och uppförande. Flickorna är klart positivare till ett separat betyg i ordning och uppförande. De tycker också att ordnings- och uppförandekriterier ska vägas in mera i betygen. Det som vi också kommit fram till är att lärarna följer läroplanen i stor utsträckning, vilket till stor del beror på att de fått göra den själva. Resultaten mellan vår undersökning och tidigare undersökningar gjorda i Sverige skiljer sig inte så mycket, trots att lärarna på Åland ska ta hänsyn till ordning och uppförande i betygsättningen, medan lärarna i Sverige inte ska det.

Wetlands, Conservation Lands and Population of Maine

http://digitalcommons.colby.edu/atlasofmaine2009/1017/thumbnail.jpg

Federally Recognized Indian Lands of Maine

http://digitalcommons.colby.edu/atlasofmaine2008/1002/thumbnail.jpg

EVALUATION OF THE CONSERVATION LANDS OF MAINE BASED ON PRESENCE OF HABITAT SUITABLE FOR LISTED SPECIES

http://digitalcommons.colby.edu/atlasofmaine2009/1028/thumbnail.jpg

Wetlands and Conservation Lands of Maine

http://digitalcommons.colby.edu/atlasofmaine2006/1001/thumbnail.jpg

VIEWSHED ANALYSIS OF THE LANDS OF THE BELGRADE REGIONAL CONSERVATION ALLIANCE

http://digitalcommons.colby.edu/atlasofmaine2005/1017/thumbnail.jpg

Evaluation of the Conservation Lands of Maine Based on Presence of Habitat Suitable for Listed Species

“Conservation Lands” include both public and private lands that are devoted to the protection of wildlife and natural resources. “Listed Species” include federally and state endangered and threatened animals that are in danger of extermination in the state of Maine. The purpose of this study is to determine how well conservation lands are protecting the habitats of listed species. GAP data was used for 13 terrestrial vertebrate species indicating the presence or absence of suitable habitats. This data was compiled in GIS, generating a layer showing the number of listed species an area is suitable for. The areas that were suitable for at least one habitat were compared to answer three questions: (1) Is there is a difference between the presence and absence of listed species on protected lands and lands that are not protected? (2) Is there is a difference between the presence and absence of listed species on public lands managed by the state and the federal government and private land? (3) Is there is a difference between the presence and absence of listed species on lands protected under easements and lands that are protected fee simple? We found significant differences between all three categories. Conservation lands, private lands, and lands held under easement protect the habitat of listed species most effectively. We believe that this is due to the large number of private land trusts in the state of Maine and the effective management strategies of state lands.

Viewshed Analysis of the Lands of Belgrade Regional Conservation Alliance

The Belgrade Regional Conservation Alliance (BRCA) has acquired a great deal of land in the Belgrade Lakes region of Maine and is currently in negotiations on many pieces of land throughout the area. Data available online from the Maine Office of GIS, and data from the BRCA were used to carry out this analysis. One area of interest is Mount Phillip, the summit of which the BRCA recently acquired. There is a good view to the south of the mountain, but the potential view to the east and north is in question. This study analyzed the view from the top of the mountain, focusing on two landmarks: Mosher Hill to the east, and North Pond to the north. The analysis shows that both Mosher Hill and North Pond can be seen well from Mount Phillip. These results could help the BRCA both by adding weight to their negotiations to protect Mosher Hill, as well as influencing their decision whether or not to thin part of the forest on Mount Phillip to open up the view of North Pond that is currently blocked.

Aerial line transect survey to estimate abundance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) (Illiger, 1815)

A população de cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus) está drasticamente reduzida no Brasil. O nosso objetivo foi o de estimar a abundância do cervo-do-pantanal na bacia do Rio Paraná e discutir a metodologia aplicada. Os resultados darão suporte para uma análise do impacto do enchimento da represa de Porto Primavera sobre essa população. Sessenta e nove animais foram registrados através de sobrevôo utilizando-se a metodologia de transecção linear com amostragem das distâncias. Os dados não corrigidos resultaram em uma densidade estimada de 0,0035ind/ha e uma população de 636 indivíduos. A correção de g para os animais que não foram vistos apresentou uma densidade de 0,0049 ind/ha e uma abundância de 896 (CV=0,27) indivíduos. A metodologia foi aplicada com sucesso na estimativa de cervo-do-pantanal. Esse resultado é importante para avaliarmos a população do cervo-do-pantanal na área e para futuramente analisarmos o impacto do enchimento da represa.