Health related quality of life measure in systemic pediatric rheumatic diseases and its translation to different languages: an international collaboration

Background: Rheumatic diseases in children are associated with significant morbidity and poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL). There is no health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scale available specifically for children with less common rheumatic diseases. These diseases share several features with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) such as their chronic episodic nature, multi-systemic involvement, and the need for immunosuppressive medications. HRQOL scale developed for pediatric SLE will likely be applicable to children with systemic inflammatory diseases.Findings: We adapted Simple Measure of Impact of Lupus Erythematosus in Youngsters (SMILEY (c)) to Simple Measure of Impact of Illness in Youngsters (SMILY (c)-Illness) and had it reviewed by pediatric rheumatologists for its appropriateness and cultural suitability. We tested SMILY (c)-Illness in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and then translated it into 28 languages. Nineteen children (79% female, n= 15) and 17 parents participated. The mean age was 12 +/- 4 years, with median disease duration of 21 months (1-172 months). We translated SMILY (c)-Illness into the following 28 languages: Danish, Dutch, French (France), English (UK), German (Germany), German (Austria), German (Switzerland), Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese (Brazil), Slovene, Spanish (USA and Puerto Rico), Spanish (Spain), Spanish (Argentina), Spanish (Mexico), Spanish (Venezuela), Turkish, Afrikaans, Arabic (Saudi Arabia), Arabic (Egypt), Czech, Greek, Hindi, Hungarian, Japanese, Romanian, Serbian and Xhosa.Conclusion: SMILY (c)-Illness is a brief, easy to administer and score HRQOL scale for children with systemic rheumatic diseases. It is suitable for use across different age groups and literacy levels. SMILY (c)-Illness with its available translations may be used as useful adjuncts to clinical practice and research.

Capturing socially motivated linguistic change. How the use of gender-fair language afffects support for social initiatives in Austria and Poland.

Gender-fair language consists of the symmetric linguistic treatment of women and men instead of using masculine forms as generics. In this study, we examine how the use of gender-fair language affects readers' support for social initiatives in Poland and Austria. While gender-fair language is relatively novel in Poland, it is well established in Austria. This difference may lead to different perceptions of gender-fair usage in these speech communities. Two studies conducted in Poland investigate whether the evaluation of social initiatives (Study 1: quotas for women on election lists; Study 2: support for women students or students from countries troubled by war) is affected by how female proponents (lawyers, psychologists, sociologists, and academics) are referred to, with masculine forms (traditional) or with feminine forms (modern, gender-fair). Study 3 replicates Study 2 in Austria. Our results indicate that in Poland, gender-fair language has negative connotations and therefore, detrimental effects particularly when used in gender-related contexts. Conversely, in Austria, where gender-fair language has been implemented and used for some time, there are no such negative effects. This pattern of results may inform the discussion about formal policies regulating the use of gender-fair language.

Al religiosissimo héroe Carlos Segvndo... en ocasión que encontrando a un sacerdote, que con humilde culto conducía el Viatico a un enfermo, ofreció su Real Carroça para más decente Trono del Divino Monarca, acompañándole a pie su Magestad hasta el pobre albergue del doliente. Poema castellano. D.O.C. a la ... Reyna Maria Ana de Austria. augusta hermana de Leopoldo I... y piadosa madre de tan piadoso rey.

Mode of access: Internet.

Compendio de la vida de la augustissima y virtuosissima princessa doña Maria Teresa de Austria, Reyna de Francia y de Navarra.

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Noticia del recibimiento i entrada de la reyna nuestra señora Doña Maria-Ana de Austria en la muy notable i leal coronada villa de Madrid.

Mode of access: Internet.

Breve historia de la vida y virtudes de la ... princesa doña Maria Teresa de Austria, infanta de España y reina de Francia /

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Per le faustissime nozze di S.A.R. il duca di Savoja Vittorio Emanuele con S.A.I.R. l'arciduchessa d'Austria Maria Adelaide : discorso ... /

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In confutazione degli errori storici e politici da Luigi Angeloni, esposti contro sua Maestà l'arciduchessa Maria Carolina d'Austria, defunta regina de Napoli : epistola di un amico della verità ad uno storico italiano rispettabilissimo /

Mode of access: Internet.

Memorie ed omaggi funebri per la morte dell'arciduchessa Maria Beatrice Vittoria di Savoja, d'Austria d'Este, duchessa di Modena ...

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Letters of the Marquise Du Deffand to the Hon. Horace Walpole, afterwards the Earl of Oxford, from the year 1766 to the year 1780.

Mode of access: Internet.