Evaluación poblacional de Lessonia trabeculata Villouta y Santelices, 1986 en San Juan de Marcona, Marzo 2010

IMARPE, en marzo del 2010 realizó la evaluación poblacional de la macroalga Lessonia trabeculata en 2 sectores de San Juan de Marcona: Carro Caído (sector 1) y San Nicolás (sector 4). El diámetro mayor del rizoide (DMR) se registró en el sector 1 (59,1%), en el sector 4 solo el 30,3% presentó tamaño >20 cm (tamaño mínimo de extracción). En el sector 1 se estimó la biomasa en 38.070 t y en el sector 4 fue 3.279 t; en base a la biomasa se proyectó un rendimiento de 4.166 t para el año 2010. Se consideró evitar la extracción en la estación de otoño.

Convenient synthesis of C75, an inhibitor of FAS and CPT1

C75 is a synthetic racemic α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone exhibiting anti-tumoral properties in vitro and in vivo as well as inducing hypophagia and weight loss in rodents. These interesting properties are thought to be a consequence of the inhibition of the key enzymes FAS and CPT1 involved in lipid metabolism. The need for larger amounts of this compound for biological evaluation prompted us to develop a convenient and reliable route to multigram quantities of C75 from easily available ethyl penta-3,4-dienoate 6. A recently described protocol for the addition of 6 to a mixture of dicyclohexylborane and nonanal followed by acidic treatment of the crude afforded lactone 8, as a mixture of cis and trans isomers, in good yield. The DBU-catalyzed isomerization of the methyl esters 9 arising from 8 gave a 10:1 trans/cis mixture from which the trans isomer was isolated and easily transformed into C75. The temporary transformation of C75 into a phenylseleno ether derivative makes its purification, manipulation and storage easier.

Positional bias of general and tissue-specific regulatory motifs in mouse gene promoters

Background: The arrangement of regulatory motifs in gene promoters, or promoterarchitecture, is the result of mutation and selection processes that have operated over manymillions of years. In mammals, tissue-specific transcriptional regulation is related to the presence ofspecific protein-interacting DNA motifs in gene promoters. However, little is known about therelative location and spacing of these motifs. To fill this gap, we have performed a systematic searchfor motifs that show significant bias at specific promoter locations in a large collection ofhousekeeping and tissue-specific genes.Results: We observe that promoters driving housekeeping gene expression are enriched inparticular motifs with strong positional bias, such as YY1, which are of little relevance in promotersdriving tissue-specific expression. We also identify a large number of motifs that show positionalbias in genes expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner. They include well-known tissue-specificmotifs, such as HNF1 and HNF4 motifs in liver, kidney and small intestine, or RFX motifs in testis,as well as many potentially novel regulatory motifs. Based on this analysis, we provide predictionsfor 559 tissue-specific motifs in mouse gene promoters.Conclusion: The study shows that motif positional bias is an important feature of mammalianproximal promoters and that it affects both general and tissue-specific motifs. Motif positionalconstraints define very distinct promoter architectures depending on breadth of expression andtype of tissue.

Identificação de QTL associados à simbiose entre Bradyrhizobium japonicum, B. elkanii e soja

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar QTL (locos de caráter quantitativo), utilizando marcadores do tipo microssatélites (SSR), relacionados à fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN), em uma população F2:7 de cultivares de soja (Glycine max) com diferentes capacidades de FBN, Bossier (alta) e Embrapa 20 (média). Foram mapeados 16 marcadores, distribuídos em seis grupos de ligação, cobrindo uma região de 5% do genoma (151,6 cM). A análise de regressão identificou 12 associações significativas em quatro grupos de ligação (B1, C2, D1b e H): três para a massa da parte aérea seca, quatro para número de nódulos, duas para a massa de nódulos e três para a massa média de nódulos. Todos os QTL detectados foram de efeitos menores. Contudo, sete marcadores foram confirmados nas duas populações, indicativo de uso potencial em programas de melhoramento visando à FBN.

Descartes wears Converse: Liberal Arts for the Twenty-First Century Student

Students today have a different way of relating to information due to the new media channels that have arisen in the last decades. These have changed the way high-school and undergraduate students learn and they have altered the manner by which they perceive the world. Today’s Education Theory must take this fact into account in order to enhance the student’s learning process. The objective of this project is to give an example of how this enhancement may be achieved. First, it will give a brief overview of the relation between today’s young generations and the different channels of information; secondly, it will analyze the cognitive, psychological and educational theories that explain how the human brain learns and the important value that nonverbal information has for the memory system; afterwards, it will focus on this nonverbal information, looking at the possible effects that it may have on human memory and learning; finally, it will give an example of the practical implementation of this theory through the presentation of three animated instructional videos that have been created with the specific aim of enhancing the young generation’s understanding of some complex subjects of the Liberal Arts.

Convenient synthesis of C75, an inhibitor of FAS and CPT1

C75 is a synthetic racemic α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone exhibiting anti-tumoral properties in vitro and in vivo as well as inducing hypophagia and weight loss in rodents. These interesting properties are thought to be a consequence of the inhibition of the key enzymes FAS and CPT1 involved in lipid metabolism. The need for larger amounts of this compound for biological evaluation prompted us to develop a convenient and reliable route to multigram quantities of C75 from easily available ethyl penta-3,4-dienoate 6. A recently described protocol for the addition of 6 to a mixture of dicyclohexylborane and nonanal followed by acidic treatment of the crude afforded lactone 8, as a mixture of cis and trans isomers, in good yield. The DBU-catalyzed isomerization of the methyl esters 9 arising from 8 gave a 10:1 trans/cis mixture from which the trans isomer was isolated and easily transformed into C75. The temporary transformation of C75 into a phenylseleno ether derivative makes its purification, manipulation and storage easier.

Rocódromos : Desarrollo de una capa de realidad aumentada para Layar

Creación de una capa Layar de realidad aumentada sobre rocódromos.

Who is afraid of the big bad ban? An evaluation of the effects of the Spanish clean air law on expenditure at hospitality venues

Background:In January 2011 Spain modified clean air legislation in force since 2006, removing all existing exceptions applicable to hospitality venues. Although this legal reform was backed by all political parties with parliamentary representation, the government's initiative was contested by the tobacco industry and its allies in the hospitality industry. One of the most voiced arguments against the reform was its potentially disruptive effect on the revenue of hospitality venues. This paper evaluates the impact of this reform on household expenditure at restaurants and bars and cafeterias. Methods and empirical strategy:We use micro-data from the Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF) for years 2006 to 2012 to estimate "two part" models where the probability of observing a positive expenditure and, for those who spend, the expected level of expenditure are functions of an array of explanatory variables. We apply a before-after analysis with a wide range of controls for confounding factors and a flexible modeling of time effects.Results:In line with the majority of studies that analyze the effects of smoking bans using objective data, our results suggest that the reform did not cause reductions in households' expenditures on restaurant services or on bars and cafeteria services.

Metodologies per a la coresponsabilitat en l'aprenentatge universitari

L’Espai Europeu d’Educació Superior ha propiciat un replantejament metodològic basat en el desenvolupament de competències que permet formular noves propostes d’estil docent universitari. En aquest article plantegem un model metodològic proper als principis del constructivisme social i del pensament complex, aplicable a un mòdul dels estudis de grau en Educació Infantil i en Educació Primària, analitzant diferents estratègies didàctiques utilitzades per facilitar l’aprenentatge dels estudiants. Les diverses propostes metodològiques tenen com a denominador comú que totes elles estan centrades en l’alumne, que dinamitzen diferents àmbits competencials i que afavoreixen la coresponsabilitat entre professor i estudiant en el procés d’aprenentatge. Els resultats d’un estudi fet el curs 2008-09 sobre la percepció dels estudiants en relació a metodologies afins a les proposades, ens han resultat d’utilitat a l’hora de ratificar la pertinença de la majoria d’estratègies, per incorporar-les al pla docent del mòdul Societat, família i escola I.

Disseny i desenvolupament d’un joc de tauler per torns amb la plataforma Unity3D

Desenvolupament d’un videojoc per ordinador amb la possibilitat de tenir-lo també per dispositius mòbils

Interferon-gamma is a critical modulator of CB(2) cannabinoid receptor signaling during neuropathic pain

Nerve injuries often lead to neuropathic pain syndrome. The mechanisms contributing to this syndrome involve local inflammatory responses, activation of glia cells, and changes in the plasticity of neuronal nociceptive pathways. Cannabinoid CB(2) receptors contribute to the local containment of neuropathic pain by modulating glial activation in response to nerve injury. Thus, neuropathic pain spreads in mice lacking CB(2) receptors beyond the site of nerve injury. To further investigate the mechanisms leading to the enhanced manifestation of neuropathic pain, we have established expression profiles of spinal cord tissues from wild-type and CB(2)-deficient mice after nerve injury. An enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) response was revealed in the absence of CB(2) signaling. Immunofluorescence stainings demonstrated an IFN-gamma production by astrocytes and neurons ispilateral to the nerve injury in wild-type animals. In contrast, CB(2)-deficient mice showed neuronal and astrocytic IFN-gamma immunoreactivity also in the contralateral region, thus matching the pattern of nociceptive hypersensitivity in these animals. Experiments in BV-2 microglia cells revealed that transcriptional changes induced by IFN-gamma in two key elements for neuropathic pain development, iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and CCR2, are modulated by CB(2) receptor signaling. The most direct support for a functional involvement of IFN-gamma as a mediator of CB(2) signaling was obtained with a double knock-out mouse strain deficient in CB(2) receptors and IFN-gamma. These animals no longer show the enhanced manifestations of neuropathic pain observed in CB(2) knock-outs. These data clearly demonstrate that the CB(2) receptor-mediated control of neuropathic pain is IFN-gamma dependent.

La perspectiva dels mestres sobre l'adaptació i la integració dels infants adoptats a l'entorn escolar

Els infants adoptats presenten algunes especificitats que poden afectar la seva integració i evolució escolar (Palacios, 2007b; Dalen, 2007). Aquest ha estat el motiu de la present recerca que té tres finalitats: obtenir una descripció de les característiques dels infants adoptats en les etapes d’Educació Infantil i de Primària, mitjançant l’observació externa realitzada pels seus tutors d’aula; analitzar les necessitats dels mestres per atendre convenientment els nens procedents de l’adopció; posar els fonaments d’un programa escola-família per millorar l’adaptació escolar del nen i de la nena adoptats. En l’estudi van participar-hi 42 professors de 18 escoles de Catalunya. Les variables escollides per a analitzar els resultats del qüestionari, dissenyat per a la recerca, van ser les següents: etapa d’escolarització dels infants adoptats, sexe, anys d’escolarització dels menors, país d’origen dels nens, temps que fa que van ser adoptats i anys d’experiència del mestre. Atenent a aquestes variables, es va realitzar una anàlisi quantitativa i una anàlisi qualitativa. La quantitativa va consistir en un estudi descriptiu i un inferencial sobre la visió dels mestres dels infants adoptats i la relació amb la família adoptiva i la qualitativa en la categorització de les respostes dels mestres arran de les seves necessitats de formació per a atendre els menors procedents de l’adopció i del tractament a l’aula del fet adoptiu.

Operacions bàsiques al laboratori químic en xarxa. Una nova eina per a estudiants i professors

Un conjunt de professors de les facultats de Química i Farmàcia de la Universitat de Barcelona hem elaborat un material docent en suport electrònic, d"accés lliure a la xarxa, que descriu el procediment pràctic de diverses operacions bàsiques de treball al laboratori químic. L"objectiu principal és crear un material docent que serveixi de suport a l"aprenentatge dels estudiants i a la tasca docent del professorat involucrat en l"ensenyament del treball pràctic en l"etapa d"inici dels estudis universitaris.

Convenient synthesis of C75, an inhibitor of FAS and CPT1

C75 is a synthetic racemic α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone exhibiting anti-tumoral properties in vitro and in vivo as well as inducing hypophagia and weight loss in rodents. These interesting properties are thought to be a consequence of the inhibition of the key enzymes FAS and CPT1 involved in lipid metabolism. The need for larger amounts of this compound for biological evaluation prompted us to develop a convenient and reliable route to multigram quantities of C75 from easily available ethyl penta-3,4-dienoate 6. A recently described protocol for the addition of 6 to a mixture of dicyclohexylborane and nonanal followed by acidic treatment of the crude afforded lactone 8, as a mixture of cis and trans isomers, in good yield. The DBU-catalyzed isomerization of the methyl esters 9 arising from 8 gave a 10:1 trans/cis mixture from which the trans isomer was isolated and easily transformed into C75. The temporary transformation of C75 into a phenylseleno ether derivative makes its purification, manipulation and storage easier.