Bases legais do SUS: leis orgânicas da saúde

Apresenta os aspectos legais da Lei Orgânica da Saúde nº 8080/1990 e da Lei 8.142/1990 que menciona sobre a participação popular na gestão do SUS por meio dos Conselhos de Saúde e das Conferências de Saúde.

Bases legais do SUS: leis orgânicas da saúde: a luta permanente pela concretização do SUS

Apresenta uma contextualização das conquistas em relação a concretização do SUS, passando pelas propostas representativas em disputa, uma que defendia a saúde como bem público e a outra como um bem-mercadoria. Reforça a ação do movimento sanitário e a participação popular em contrapartida as grandes investidas do movimento neoliberalista em desqualificar o sistema público, reduzindo seu apoio social e estimulando uma solução privada ao setor saúde. Aborda os conceitos de municipalização e descentralização político-administrativa da saúde e a implementação do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) nos anos 90. Traz uma reflexão de que a história do SUS não chegou ao fim, pois as políticas se transformam em função da organização dos diversos atores sociais.

Bases legais do SUS: leis orgânicas da saúde: princípios de um SUS pra valer

Aborda que a partir dos avançados alcançados na 8ª Conferencia Nacional de Saúde de 1986 sobre a discussão de saúde como um conceito concreto, um direito garantido pelo Estado, de condições dignas e vida e de acesso universal e igualitário às ações de promoção, proteção e recuperação, em todos os níveis aos cidadãos brasileiros, o movimento sanitário levantou fortemente a bandeira da universalidade, e o povo brasileiro animado por esse movimento cravou definitivamente a universalidade de acesso à saúde na constituição de 1988 como um direito de todos.

Bases legais do SUS: leis orgânicas da saúde: princípios de um SUS pra valer: a universalidade e a equidade

Apresenta dados estatísticos sobre as variações sociais na utilização dos serviços de saúde demonstrando que existem inúmeras condições sociais desfavoráveis que reduzem as chances de uso do SUS. Conceitua as questões sobre a universalidade e as dimensões da equidade na saúde, demonstrando por meio de vários estudos e constatações as diversas faces da iniquidade em saúde. O debate mostra, de modo contundente, que a conquista de um direito de cidadania e a materialização de um princípio não se efetivam apenas com a promulgação de uma lei. É necessário construí-los por meio de ações e movimentos que assegurem o seu cumprimento.

Bases legais do SUS: leis orgânicas da saúde: princípios de um SUS pra valer: a Integralidade da atenção

Faz uma reflexão a respeito do princípio da integralidade, uma das bandeiras de luta do movimento sanitário, funcionando como uma "imagem-objetivo" como forma de indicar características desejáveis do sistema de saúde e das práticas que nele são exercidas. Apresenta situações problemas a fim de expressar os distintos sentidos da integralidade, passando pelas políticas de saúde, articulação entre os serviços de saúde e o cuidado integral à saúde, de forma a entender as três dimensões da integralidade.

Bases legais do SUS: leis orgânicas da saúde: princípios de um SUS pra valer: a participação popular e o controle social

Apresenta uma associação entre cidadania participativa e o cotidiano dos serviços de saúde, explora a relação entre saúde e democracia sob o enfoque da democratização dos serviços de saúde por meio de experiências. Reforça que a mobilização e participação popular no SUS fortalece o espaço público, se configurando em um dos mais dinâmicos eixos de fortalecimento da proposta do Movimento Sanitário.

Bases legais do SUS: leis orgânicas da saúde: princípios de um SUS pra valer: o pacto pela saúde no Brasil

Apresenta a definição do que é o “Pacto pela Saúde”, seus componentes e significados e prioridades. Descreve uma visão geral das implicações dos processos e instrumentos de gestão a partir do Pacto pela Saúde, na construção do SUS.

Projeto de um cortador de base para colhedora de cana-de-açúcar utilizando otimização matemática

A base-cutter represented for a mechanism of four bars, was developed using the Autocad program. The normal force of reaction of the profile in the contact point was determined through the dynamic analysis. The equations of dynamic balance were based on the laws of Newton-Euler. The linkage was subject to an optimization technique that considered the peak value of soil reaction force as the objective function to be minimized while the link lengths and the spring constant varied through a specified range. The Algorithm of Sequential Quadratic Programming-SQP was implemented of the program computational Matlab. Results were very encouraging; the maximum value of the normal reaction force was reduced from 4,250.33 to 237.13 N, making the floating process much less disturbing to the soil and the sugarcane rate. Later, others variables had been incorporated the mechanism optimized and new otimization process was implemented .

Simulação da varredura da superfície por um cortador de base segmentado

Base cutting and feeding into harvesters of plants lying close to the ground surface require an efficient sweeping action of the cutting mechanism. It is not the case of conventional sugarcane harvesters which have rigid blades mounted on discs capable to contaminate the cane with dirt as well as damage the ratoons. The objective of this work was to simulate the sweeping performance of a segmented base cutter. The model was developed using the laws of dynamic. Simulation included two rotational speeds (400 and 600 rpm), two cutting heights (0.12 and 0.13 m) and two disk tilting angles (-10º and -12º). The simulated sweeping angle varied between 56º and 193º, which are very promising as a mean to cutting and feeding cane sticks lying on the ground. Cutting height was the variable that affected sweeping action the most. This behavior indicates the need to have an automatic control of the cutting disk height in order to keep good sweeping performance as the harvester moves forward.

Modelos de transferência de metal pesado na cana-de-açúcar adubada com composto de lixo urbano

The research approaches recycling of urban waste compost (UWC) as an alternative fertilizer for sugarcane crop and as a social and environmental solution to the solids residuals growth in urban centers. A mathematical model was used in order to know the metal dynamics as decision support tool, aiming to establish of criteria and procedures for UWC's safe use, limited by the amount of heavy metal. A compartmental model was developed from experimental data in controlled conditions and partially checked with field data. This model described the heavy metal transference in the system soil-root-aerial portion of sugarcane plants and concluded that nickel was metal to be concern, since it takes approximately three years to be attenuated in the soil, reaching the aerial portions of the plant at high concentrations. Regarding factors such as clay content, oxide level and soil pH, it was observed that for soil with higher buffering capacity, the transfer of the majority of the metals was slower. This model may become an important tool for the attainment of laws regarding the UWC use, aiming to reduce environment contamination the waste accumulation and production costs.

Estrutura de um curso de taxonomia de campo: o modelo aplicado em Ubatuba, São Paulo

The field activities are essential for the education of a good taxonomist. The most common problems found in field activities are: a) large number of students, b) heterogeneous educational background and unlevelled knowledge of the participants, c) repetitions and tendency of collecting the more evidents life-forms. The causes and consequences of such problems are discussed herein. The proposed solution is a methodology, based on many years of experience in field courses for undergraduate and graduate courses. Topics about the ideal number of participants, area of coverage, period of activity, division of work and the necessary material and equipment are discussed. According to the number of species collected at the same place, this methodology may result in a list of local species with precise information about the life-forms, habitat, common names, frequency, uses, phenology and further information in this kind of work. The results of the aplication of this metodology in a field course held in the region of Ubatuba-SP are presented.

Malpighiaceae: correlations between habit, fruit type and basic chromosome number

The family Malpighiaceae presents species with different habits, fruit types and cytological characters. Climbers are considered the most derived habit, followed, respectively, by the shrubby and arboreal ones. The present study examines the relationship between basic chromosome numbers and the derivation of climbing habit and fruit types in Malpighiaceae. A comparison of all the chromosome number reports for Malpighiaceae showed a predominance of chromosome numbers based on x=5 or 10 in the genera of sub-family Malpighioideae, mainly represented by climbers with winged fruits, whereas non-climbing species with non-winged fruits, which predominate in sub-family Byrsonimoideae, had counts based on x=6, which is considered the less derived basic number for the family. Based on such data, confirmed by statistic assays, and on the monophyletic origin of this family, we admit the hypothesis that morphological derivation of habit and fruit is correlated with chromosome basic number variation in the family Malpighiaceae.

Programas de educação de jovens e adultos e pesquisa acadêmica: a contribuição dos estudos do letramento

The purpose of this article is to introduce elements that allow building an interface between the academic research and the programs of basic education for youngsters and adults. It discusses contributions to these programs that can be found in the results of qualitative research studies. To this end, results of a five-year long project on teacher education are used, which aim was that of analyzing the interaction between teacher and student in youngster and adult literacy classes. The research project was conducted in natural contexts with the purpose of understanding a given social reality, and not of establishing general laws. Therefore, the credibility of its results was built through the observation of multiple contexts, and the gathering of data was made through various methods, from the perspective of several participants observed during a prolonged period of time. This empirical basis was used to evaluate recommendations contained in the report commissioned by Unesco to the International Literacy Institute for presentation at the World Forum on Education held in 2000 in Dakar. This report proposed that the continuous attendance of students to basic education programs is one of the great challenges of the new millennium. With respect to the problem of adult evasion from courses and programs, the article discusses the motivation and accessibility factors, pointed out in official documents as relevant factors to the success or failure of the programs.

Success attitudes of young ophthalmologists in the first decade of their career

PURPOSE: To describe the main success attitudes of young ophthalmologists in the first decade of their career. METHODS: This descriptive study comprised subjects selected from a sample of ophthalmologists who were participating in a congress, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The inclusion criteria were as follows: ophthalmologists under the age of 40 years, within 5-10 years from ophthalmology residency conclusion. The subjects were asked about the three main success attitudes in their personal experience during the first years of ophthalmology practice. After the initial results, the 10 most frequently mentioned attitudes were listed and volunteers were again interviewed to choose, within the latter list, the three main attitudes. RESULTS: Forty-eight ophthalmologists were interviewed, 24 (50%) were male; the mean age was 37 years (SD: 2 years, range: 33-40 years) and the mean time from ophthalmology residency conclusion was 8 years (SD: 1 year, range: 5-10 years). The frequency of such mentioned success attitudes were as follows: to invest in professional updating (22.9%), to have a good relationship with patients and professional partners (18.8%), to prioritize individual and family happiness (12.5%), initially to work in an established group (11.1%), to work in public service (9.7%), to have their own business with a homogeneous group (7.6%), to save money (7.6%), to be ready to resume work (4.2%), to get business administration skills (4.2%), and to have professional insurance (0.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The three main success attitudes consisted in investing in professional updating (22.9%), maintaining a good relationship with patients and professional partners (18.8%), and prioritizing individual and family happiness (12.5%). Although these results should not be generalized, they are helpful not only for those ophthalmologists at the beginning of a career but also those who want to reflect on what to prioritize in their professional practice.

As conferências nacionais do esporte na configuração da política esportiva e de lazer no governo Lula (2003-2010)

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física