Realidade e dificuldades na aplica����o dos programas nacionais de educa����o f��sica em gin��stica (solo, aparelhos e acrob��tica), no 3�� ciclo do Ensino B��sico e Ensino Secund��rio

Orienta����o : Ana Maria Le��a Veiga

Avalia����o dos JDC em Educa����o F��sica : Estudo de Caso

Este estudo teve como quest��o de pesquisa verificar se h�� evid��ncia de progress��o na avalia����o final dos Jogos Desportivos Colectivos de invas��o, mantendo o protocolo de avalia����o inicial, utilizando as Provas de Avalia����o Aferida, aplicadas na Escola Secund��ria Dona Lu��sa de Gusm��o (ESDLG). Como contributo �� aplica����o e sustentabilidade das Provas apresentamos um levantamento dos n��veis introdu����o e elementar do Programa, em que destacamos princ��pios comuns que possam beneficiar a clarifica����o do curr��culo para os professores avaliadores e contribuir para o ensino dos jogos desportivos. O presente trabalho assume-se como um estudo explorat��rio de caso, em que se escolheu uma turma espec��fica de oitavo ano da ESDLG, com vinte e seis sujeitos envolvidos no caso. Isto para estudar a filosofia de aplica����o das Provas de Avalia����o, em que a sua operacionaliza����o �� da responsabilidade do Grupo de Educa����o F��sica. Os resultados apontam para a progress��o do n��vel de desempenho dos alunos nas mat��rias de Andebol, Basquetebol e Futebol. A avalia����o nos jogos desportivos colectivos da ESDLG est�� de acordo com as orienta����es dos PNEF. O estudo �� v��lido pela representa����o que as Provas t��m nos objectivos definidos nos Programas Nacionais de Educa����o F��sica e obedece a n��veis de fidelidade pela const��ncia apresentada nas observa����es realizadas pelos professores nos dois momentos de avalia����o. Importa tamb��m referir que as Provas de Avalia����o alicer��am a aferi����o de crit��rios, moderam a avalia����o dos alunos e permitem ao Agrupamento de Educa����o F��sica tomar decis��es mediante os resultados e tend��ncias das Provas. Para que a avalia����o possa ser ainda mais objectiva ser�� importante associar ��s Provas de Avalia����o um ensino contextualizado dos jogos desportivos, de modo a que se avalie o aluno nas mesmas condi����es em que se ensina.

Balance function following cochlear implantation

Imbalance is a risk of cochlear implantation. This is particularly important in patients receiving bilateral implants, who are often children. 25 adult and pediatric patients undergoing cochlear implantation were tested pre-operatively and post-operatively using tests of balance function. Results showed moderate losses in some test paradigms following implantation in the patient group as a whole. While changes in balance function due to cochlear implantation are not uncommon, their practical effect on function may be minor.

Cambios en la pol��tica de defensa nacional del Libro Blanco hacia la nueva agenda de seguridad interna y externa

El presente estudio ejecuta un an��lisis de la ���Nueva Agenda de Seguridad Interna y Externa��� propuesta por el Gobierno de la Revoluci��n Ciudadana, proposici��n que pretende dar un cambio sobre la visi��n de la pol��tica de defensa y el espacio de la seguridad. En este an��lisis tambi��n se examina el cambio de la normativa legal, ya que el mismo se articula desde el enfoque de nuevos principios y nuevos controles desde la ciudadan��a. De esta forma, el estudio lo que pretende dar a conocer es: Cu��les son los nuevos mecanismos o dispositivos de Control Civil sobre las Fuerzas Armadas; entendi��ndose este Control Civil desde las instituciones del Estado. Dentro del rigor metodol��gico del estudio, ��ste se plantea como un trabajo bajo el m��todo comparativo desde las teor��as de la seguridad y las teor��as institucionales examinando tres lineamientos: ���concepto de seguridad, la institucionalidad planteada y; la identificaci��n de actores que participaron en la construcci��n de la pol��tica de defensa.��� De esta forma, este estudio considera que los indicadores comparables se dan en la construcci��n del Libro Blanco y de la NASIE. En tal sentido, quien lea este estudio puede seguir sin conflicto la l��gica de la argumentaci��n. En su contenido, la investigaci��n presenta dos cap��tulos, que se enuncian a continuaci��n: Cap��tulo I: ���LA POL��TICA DE DEFENSA: DEL LIBRO BLANCO A LA NUEVA AGENDA DE SEGURIDAD INTERNA Y EXTERNA���, en el cual se examina los lineamientos antes mencionados, evidenciando dos paradigmas: la visi��n estatoc��ntrico y la visi��n antropoc��ntrica de la seguridad, sus cambios y sus continuidades. En el Cap��tulo II: ���COMPARACI��N DE LA NUEVA INSTITUCIONALIDAD EN LA DEFENSA���, aqu�� se observa la relaci��n de las FF.AA con el Presidente y con el Parlamento, desde las dos propuestas. Junto a ello se examina el cambio en la Ley de Seguridad Nacional de 1979, a la Ley de Seguridad P��blica y del Estado emitida en el a��o 2009. Finalmente, se expone las conclusiones del trabajo.

Liberation or limitation? Understanding Iyengar Yoga as a practice of the self

This article explores the Foucauldian notions of practices of the self and care of the self, read via Deleuze, in the context of Iyengar yoga (one of the most popular forms of yoga currently). Using ethnographic and interview research data the article outlines the Iyengar yoga techniques which enable a focus upon the self to be developed, and the resources offered by the practice for the creation of ways of knowing, experiencing and forming the self. In particular, the article asks whether Iyengar yoga offers possibilities for freedom and liberation, or whether it is just another practice of control and management. Assessing Iyengar yoga via a ���critical function���, a function of ���struggle��� and a ���curative and therapeutic function���, the article analyses whether the practice might constitute a mode of care of the self, and what it might offer in the context of the contemporary need to live better, as well as longer.

Becoming skilled: The cultural and corporeal geographies of teaching and learning Thai Yoga massage

This paper explores the process of learning an embodied knowledge using the work of Dreyfus and Deleuze. Although geographers have begun to acknowledge the role of embodied knowledges in social life, there have been few in-depth case studies of how these skills are learned. This paper offers a case study of Thai Yoga massage (TYM), a ���complementary and alternative therapy��� which is growing in popularity in the United Kingdom. Having outlined the case study, the paper explores the cultural geographies of the formalisation, documentation and contestation of the set of techniques that have come to cohere in the UK as TYM. The paper then interrogates the messy corporeal geographies of learning a skill, and briefly considers how more advanced practitioners experience their skilled practice.

Post-phenomenology/post-phenomenological geographies

Post-phenomenological geographies are an emergent (and as yet relatively fragmentary) body of work. This work does not reflect a turn away from phenomenological theories; rather it reflects a critical engagement which rereads them through the post-structuralist theories of such authors as Deleuze, Derrida, and Levinas. This rereading, combined with a disciplinary context of a turn to practice and the ���more than human���, has resulted in post-phenomenological geographies which extend the boundaries of the phenomenological focus upon the experiencing subject (in place). Thus, the interest is in the ways in which inhuman, nonhuman, and more-than-human forces contribute to processes of subject formation, place making, and inhabiting the world. These geographies have thus far been played out through critical explorations of the realms of the experiencing subject and landscape. This more-than-human focus has tested conventional human geographical methods, requiring innovative use of technologies such as video to document research, the use of experiential research methods, and also experimentation with the form of narrating these experiential methods.

Interactions of decay-accelerating factor (DAF) with haemagglutinating human enteroviruses: utilizing variation in primate DAF to map virus binding sites

A cellular receptor for the haemagglutinating enteroviruses (HEV), and the protein that mediates haemagglutination, is the membrane complement regulatory protein decay accelerating factor (DAF; CD55). Although primate DAF is highly conserved, significant differences exist to enable cell lines derived from primates to be utilized for the characterization of the DAF binding phenotype of human enteroviruses. Thus, several distinct DAF-binding phenotypes of a selection of HEVs (viz. coxsackievirus A21 and echoviruses 6, 7, 11-13, 29) were identified from binding and infection assays using a panel of primate cells derived from human, orang-utan, African Green monkey and baboon tissues. These studies complement our recent determination of the crystal structure of SCR(34) of human DAF [Williams, P., Chaudhry, Y., Goodfellow, I. G., Billington, J., Powell, R., Spiller, O. B., Evans, D. J. & Lea, S. (2003). J Biol Chem 278, 10691-10696] and have enabled us to better map the regions of DAF with which enteroviruses interact and, in certain cases, predict specific virus-receptor contacts.

The structure of echovirus type 12 bound to a two-domain fragment of its cellular attachment protein decay-accelerating factor (CD 55)

Echovirus type 12 (EV12), an enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family, uses the complement regulator, decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) as a cellular receptor. We have calculated a three-dimensional reconstruction of EV12 bound to a fragment of DAF, consisting of short consensus repeat domains 3 and 4, from cryo-negative stain electron microscopy data (EMD #1057). This shows that, as for an earlier reconstruction of the related echovirus type 7 bound to DAF, attachment is not within the viral canyon but occurs close to the two-fold symmetry axes. Despite this general similarity, our reconstruction reveals a receptor interaction that is quite different from that observed for EV7. Fitting of the crystallographic co-ordinates for DAF34 and EV11 into the reconstruction shows a close agreement between the crystal structure of the receptor fragment and the density for the virus-bound receptor, allowing unambiguous positioning of the receptor with respect to the virion (PDB #1UPN). Our finding that the mode of virus-receptor interaction in EV12 is distinct from that seen for EV7 raises interesting questions regarding the evolution and biological significance of the DAF-binding phenotype in these viruses.

Mapping CD55 function: the structure of two pathogen-binding domains at 1.7 A

Decay-accelerating factor (CD55), a regulator of the alternative and classical pathways of complement activation, is expressed on all serum-exposed cells. It is used by pathogens, including many enteroviruses and uropathogenic Escherichia coli, as a receptor prior to infection. We describe the x-ray structure of a pathogen-binding fragment of human CD55 at 1.7 A resolution containing two of the three domains required for regulation of human complement. We have used mutagenesis to map biological functions onto the molecule; decay-accelerating activity maps to a single face of the molecule, whereas bacterial and viral pathogens recognize a variety of different sites on CD55.

Condensed tannins act against cattle nematodes

The use of natural plant anthelmintics was suggested as a possible alternative control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in ruminants. Direct anthelmintic effects of tannin-containing plants have already been shown in sheep and goat GIN. These anthelmintic properties are mainly associated with condensed tannins. In the present study, we evaluated possible in vitro effects of three tannin-containing plants against bovine GIN. Effects of Onobrychis viciifolia, Lotus pedunculatus and Lotus corniculatus condensed tannin (CT) extracts on Cooperia oncophora and Ostertagia ostertagi were determined by a larval feeding inhibition assay (LFIA) and a larval exsheathment assay (LEA). In the LFIA, all three plant extracts significantly inhibited larval feeding behaviour of both C. oncophora and O. ostertagi first stage larvae in a dose-dependent manner. The L. pedunculatus extract, based on EC50 (effective concentration for 50% inhibition), was the most effective against both nematodes, followed by O. viciifolia and L. corniculatus. The effect of CT extracts upon larval feeding behaviour correlates with CT content and procyanidin/prodelphidin ratio. Larval exsheathment of C. oncophora and O. ostertagi L3 larvae (third stage larvae) was also affected by CT extracts from all three plants. In both in vitro assays, extracts with added polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, an inhibitor of tannins, generated almost the same values as the negative control; this confirms the role of CT in the anthelmintic effect of these plant extracts. Our results, therefore, indicated that tannin-containing plants could act against cattle nematodes.

An ocean modelling and assimilation guide to using GOCE geoid products

We review the procedures and challenges that must be considered when using geoid data derived from the Gravity and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission in order to constrain the circulation and water mass representation in an ocean 5 general circulation model. It covers the combination of the geoid information with timemean sea level information derived from satellite altimeter data, to construct a mean dynamic topography (MDT), and considers how this complements the time-varying sea level anomaly, also available from the satellite altimeter. We particularly consider the compatibility of these different fields in their spatial scale content, their temporal rep10 resentation, and in their error covariances. These considerations are very important when the resulting data are to be used to estimate ocean circulation and its corresponding errors. We describe the further steps needed for assimilating the resulting dynamic topography information into an ocean circulation model using three different operational fore15 casting and data assimilation systems. We look at methods used for assimilating altimeter anomaly data in the absence of a suitable geoid, and then discuss different approaches which have been tried for assimilating the additional geoid information. We review the problems that have been encountered and the lessons learned in order the help future users. Finally we present some results from the use of GRACE geoid in20 formation in the operational oceanography community and discuss the future potential gains that may be obtained from a new GOCE geoid.