A deontologia da paz em Kant: uma análise do caráter deontológico do projeto de paz perpétua de Immanuel Kant

Neste trabalho foi realizada uma análise do projeto de paz perpétua apresentado por Immanuel Kant em seu ensaio À Paz Perpétua: Um Projeto Filosófico. Para uma melhor compreensão crítica desse projeto, o trabalho vai além de Paz Perpétua e analisa outros escritos políticos de Kant, como, por exemplo, Metafísica dos Costumes e O Conflito das Faculdades. O trabalho também inclui a análise de intérpretes contemporâneos da obra de Kant. A metodologia do trabalho foi analisar as obras de Kant, e também obras de seus intérpretes, pertinentes ao tema da deontologia da paz. O foco da exposição do trabalho foi o caráter deontológico que Kant atribui ao seu projeto de paz. A ideia kantiana de uma deontologia da paz é composta por uma série de conceitos, deveres e ideias. Por isso, a análise desse trabalho se dirige principalmente ao exame dessas partes integrantes da deontologia da paz. Ideias como republicanismo, estado de natureza, liga de Estados livres, Estado mundial, direito cosmopolita, hospitalidade, etc, foram os principais objetos de análise desse trabalho. Ao final do trabalho, podemos concluir que a realização da paz perpétua não é um dever moral sem importância na filosofia prática de Kant, mas sim o sumo bem político cuja possibilidade de implementação está intrinsicamente ligada à própria validade da doutrina do direito. O trabalho também conclui que o projeto de Kant tem muita influência nas relações internacionais contemporâneas. Doutrinas como a da democracia cosmopolita e a da paz pela democracia enxergam o projeto de paz de Kant como base teórica para suas propostas.

Comparative analysis of three brevetoxin-associated bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) mortality events in the Florida Panhandle region (USA)

In the Florida Panhandle region, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been highly susceptible to large-scale unusual mortality events (UMEs) that may have been the result of exposure to blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis and its neurotoxin, brevetoxin (PbTx). Between 1999 and 2006, three bottlenose dolphin UMEs occurred in the Florida Panhandle region. The primary objective of this study was to determine if these mortality events were due to brevetoxicosis. Analysis of over 850 samples from 105 bottlenose dolphins and associated prey items were analyzed for algal toxins and have provided details on tissue distribution, pathways of trophic transfer, and spatial-temporal trends for each mortality event. In 1999/2000, 152 dolphins died following extensive K. brevis blooms and brevetoxin was detected in 52% of animals tested at concentrations up to 500 ng/g. In 2004, 105 bottlenose dolphins died in the absence of an identifiable K. brevis bloom; however, 100% of the tested animals were positive for brevetoxin at concentrations up to 29,126 ng/mL. Dolphin stomach contents frequently consisted of brevetoxin-contaminated menhaden. In addition, another potentially toxigenic algal species, Pseudo-nitzschia, was present and low levels of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) were detected in nearly all tested animals (89%). In 2005/2006, 90 bottlenose dolphins died that were initially coincident with high densities of K. brevis. Most (93%) of the tested animals were positive for brevetoxin at concentrations up to 2,724 ng/mL. No DA was detected in these animals despite the presence of an intense DA-producing Pseudo-nitzschia bloom. In contrast to the absence or very low levels of brevetoxins measured in live dolphins, and those stranding in the absence of a K. brevis bloom, these data, taken together with the absence of any other obvious pathology, provide strong evidence that brevetoxin was the causative agent involved in these bottlenose dolphin mortality events.

Extended VTS for noise-robust speech recognition

Model compensation is a standard way of improving the robustness of speech recognition systems to noise. A number of popular schemes are based on vector Taylor series (VTS) compensation, which uses a linear approximation to represent the influence of noise on the clean speech. To compensate the dynamic parameters, the continuous time approximation is often used. This approximation uses a point estimate of the gradient, which fails to take into account that dynamic coefficients are a function of a number of consecutive static coefficients. In this paper, the accuracy of dynamic parameter compensation is improved by representing the dynamic features as a linear transformation of a window of static features. A modified version of VTS compensation is applied to the distribution of the window of static features and, importantly, their correlations. These compensated distributions are then transformed to distributions over standard static and dynamic features. With this improved approximation, it is also possible to obtain full-covariance corrupted speech distributions. This addresses the correlation changes that occur in noise. The proposed scheme outperformed the standard VTS scheme by 10% to 20% relative on a range of tasks. © 2006 IEEE.

Demodulation as probabilistic inference

Demodulation is an ill-posed problem whenever both carrier and envelope signals are broadband and unknown. Here, we approach this problem using the methods of probabilistic inference. The new approach, called Probabilistic Amplitude Demodulation (PAD), is computationally challenging but improves on existing methods in a number of ways. By contrast to previous approaches to demodulation, it satisfies five key desiderata: PAD has soft constraints because it is probabilistic; PAD is able to automatically adjust to the signal because it learns parameters; PAD is user-steerable because the solution can be shaped by user-specific prior information; PAD is robust to broad-band noise because this is modeled explicitly; and PAD's solution is self-consistent, empirically satisfying a Carrier Identity property. Furthermore, the probabilistic view naturally encompasses noise and uncertainty, allowing PAD to cope with missing data and return error bars on carrier and envelope estimates. Finally, we show that when PAD is applied to a bandpass-filtered signal, the stop-band energy of the inferred carrier is minimal, making PAD well-suited to sub-band demodulation. © 2006 IEEE.

紫茎泽兰精油各馏份对4种仓库害虫的杀虫活性

：用紫撬泽兰精油的20℃～150。C，150℃一200℃，20．0℃，230℃．230屯。300℃和300℃以上馏协，分剐以 稚．簦嘴，L的熏蒸浓爰楚理米象、玉采象、簿豆象牵蚕熹象，螬幕表磷凄5争犍静中，娃15。℃～200℃馏傍转荣虫活性 最高，其洗是20℃一150℃和200℃～230气馏份，而300℃以上馏份的杀虫活性靛低。进一步的生测结装表明．150屯一 200℃增傍对米象、玉来氧、绿黛象和善豆象24h的l(葡分莉为15 5li4，17．8124，培．0302和16．2671mg／Lo

Statistical parametric speech synthesis based on speaker and language factorization

An increasingly common scenario in building speech synthesis and recognition systems is training on inhomogeneous data. This paper proposes a new framework for estimating hidden Markov models on data containing both multiple speakers and multiple languages. The proposed framework, speaker and language factorization, attempts to factorize speaker-/language-specific characteristics in the data and then model them using separate transforms. Language-specific factors in the data are represented by transforms based on cluster mean interpolation with cluster-dependent decision trees. Acoustic variations caused by speaker characteristics are handled by transforms based on constrained maximum-likelihood linear regression. Experimental results on statistical parametric speech synthesis show that the proposed framework enables data from multiple speakers in different languages to be used to: train a synthesis system; synthesize speech in a language using speaker characteristics estimated in a different language; and adapt to a new language. © 2012 IEEE.