"¿Politizando la maternidad o maternalizando la política? Ciudadanía y participación política de las mujeres de los barrios del sur de san José, 1950-1980"

En este artículo se abordan los aspectos más relevantes en cuanto a la ciudadanía, participación polí­tica y equipamiento urbano en los barrios del Sur de San José, específicamente la comunidad de Luna Parle. El tema se estudia en relación con las formas de control y resistencia y el rol de la maternidad, de las mujeres que participaron en el espacio público comunal. Se enfatizo en el trabajo del Club de Madres, formado en 1974 y el rol de la Junta ProgresistaAbstractThis article studies citizenship, political participation and urban facilities in south San losé, specifically the Luna Park neighborhood. The topic was studied in relation to the forms of control and resistance and the rule of motherhood for women to participate in the communal public space. Emphasis ¡s placed on the work of the Club de Madres, created in 1974 and the role of the Junta Progresista.

Construction of the Cognitive Dimension of the Scientific Literacy in the Students through the Costa Rican Biological Sciences Olympics

This research recognizes the cognitive contributions to the students participating in the Third Costa Rican Biological Sciences Olympics that will define the advancement and strengthening in the construction of its conceptual dimension in the scientific literacy.  This paper is based, mainly, on qualitative approach techniques (ethnographic design:  case study); however, some data are interpreted through quantitative methodologies (descriptive design with an explanatory and exploratory touch) for the analysis of a sample of 54 high school students, finalists in the category A of the Olympics, through the use of tools such as a documentary study and a survey, in July 2009.  The information generated was analyzed using elements of inferential and descriptive statistics, figures and histograms.  It was proved that there is a better cognitive management in the topics assessed, an increase in the students’ academic performance as the tests are applied, a commitment for the academic update supported by the development of several tasks for previous preparation, curriculum contributions unprecedented based on our sample, a consent to optimize student’s knowledge about Biology, which will allow the application of scientific notions to diversify and renew the knowledge, according to what is established in the principles of scientific literacy.

LAS ERUPCIONES DEL VOLCAN ARENAL, COSTA RICA

En este articulo hemos considerado el Volcán Arenal, como un ejemplo típico en America Central del vulcanismo explosivo basalticoandesitico. Presentamos en la primera parte una teoría general de los procesos que se encuentran  en el volcanismo explosivo, distinguiendo en primer lugar los productos de las erupciones, y en segundo lugar la combinación de los hechos eruptivos con las leyes de la mecánica de los fluidos. Esta combinación es muy eficiente para explicar las estructuras físicas de las erupciones y al mismo tiempo revela una gran complejidad de los problemas geofísicos, geoquímicos y fluido-mecánicos, que se son el fundamento del volcanismo. En la segunda parte parte enfocamos la actividad del Arenal en el contexto de la tectónica regional, haciendo al mismo tiempo un análisis detallado de la evolución de los cráteres y migración de la actividad. La estructura y dinámica de las varias unidades de flujo que constituyen el campo lávico  fueron explicadas de acuerdo a los principios aplicables a los fluidos no newtonianos andesitico y, en particular, de este volcán.

TERRAS CAÍDAS E CONSEQUÊNCIAS SOCIAIS NA COSTA DO MIRACAUERA, MUNICÍPIO DE ITACOATIARA- AMAZONAS, BRASIL

Terras caídas é um termo regional usado para designar erosão lateral nas margens do rio Amazonas. É um fenômeno natural responsável pelas principais mudanças na paisagem ribeirinha e por sérios transtornos aos moradores. O trabalho apresenta uma análise interpretativa desse fenômeno e de como ele afeta a vida dos moradores ribeirinhos. O trabalho foi realizado em um trecho de 9 km na margem esquerda do Paraná da Trindade, onde predominam pequenas propriedades. A pesquisa consiste em monitoramento do recuo da margem, registro fotográfico e entrevistas com moradores. As principais contribuições geográficas do trabalho consistem em demonstrar as consequências sociais vividas pelos moradores do local tais como: a diminuição e desvalorização das propriedades, perda de plantações e de canoas, necessidade constante de mudança das casas, dificuldade de embarque e desembarque em razão do barranco íngreme, risco de morte na margem do rio, principalmente durante lavagem de roupa, entre outras implicações.

CARACTERÍSTICAS CLIMÁTICAS Y CONTAMINACIÓN URBANA EN SAN JOSÉ

En ensayo analiza el clima y la contaminación del medio urbano, específicamente el caso del centro de la ciudad de San José, Costa Rica, asimismo sus posibles soluciones.

LOS LITORALES DE COSTA RICA

Trata  sobre la ubicación geogrçafica de Costa Rica y los beneficios de esta ubicación.

LAS FUENTES BIBLIOGRAFICAS PARA LOS ESTUDIOS URBANOS EN COSTA RICA

En este documento se recoge un listado bibliográfico más o menos exhaustivo relacionado con los estudios urbanos en nuestro país, con especial énfasis en aquellos referidos al Area Metropolitana de San José.

El poema de 1810: José Martí ante las independencias hispanoamericanas.

Conferencia del XII Congreso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre América Latina y el Caribe SOLAR, proyecto académico del Programa Integrado Repertorio Americano realizado del 2 al 5 de noviembre de 2010, en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica.

O GROTESCO E A CONSTRUÇÃO ALEGÓRICA EM ENSAIO SOBRE A CEGUEIRA E AS INTERMITÊNCIAS DA MORTE, DE JOSÉ SARAMAGO

Para Benjamin (1992), a tessitura do texto literário se dá num processo minucioso e intencional, em que o narrador atua como o artesão, modela e indica os significados por meio dos arranjos linguísticos realizados no texto para a elaboração das imagens e da dramaticidade que tais imagens podem sugerir. Partindo de tal pressuposto, este texto pretende propiciar a reflexão sobre alegoria, processo mimético e elementos do grotesco nas obras Ensaio sobre a cegueira (1998) e As intermitências da morte (2005), de José Saramago. Entende-se que, configurada como tropo de pensamento, a alegoria pode ser observada, no texto literário, a partir do estudo dos signos presentes, que permitem a transfiguração para signos ausentes, conforme Hansen (2006), responsáveis por ampliar a significação. Além disso, no que se refere ao estudo da mimese e do grotesco — como elementos que atuam na construção alegórica —, será investigado, respectivamente, o universo teórico da mimese — tomando como referência os textos Livro X da República, de Platão, Arte Poética, de Aristóteles, e “Representação social e mimesis”, de Luiz Costa Lima —, procurando, ao considerar a tradição crítica, verificar de que maneira as figuras miméticas são empregadas nas obras em análise; e será estudado o grotesco como elemento que pode enriquecer o processo alegórico, pois, caracterizado como contraste, na perspectiva de V. Hugo (2004), o grotesco destoa do belo, da voz oficial, aludindo para o que não deve, ou não pode, ser mostrado. 

Cross culture comparison of tax morale and tax compliance : evidence from Costa Rica and Switzerland

This paper analyzes the effects of internal and external social norms on tax morale and tax compliance behavior. Field data and data derived from laboratory experiments are used to examine tax morale and tax compliance behavior in Costa Rica and Switzerland. The results indicate that internal and external social norms have a significant effect on tax morale and tax compliance.

Esprit Futur : Le Corbusier and José Oubrerie at Saint-Pierre De Firminy, Firminy-Vert, France, 1968–2006

What is the secret mesmerism that death possesses and under the operation of which a modern architect – strident, confident, resolute – becomes rueful, pessimistic, or melancholic?1 Five years before Le Corbusier’s death at sea in 1965, the architect reluctantly agreed to adopt the project for L’Église Saint-Pierre de Firminy in Firminy-Vert (1960–2006), following the death of its original architect, André Sive, from leukemia in 1958.2 Le Corbusier had already developed, in 1956, the plan for an enclave in the new “green” Firminy town, which included his youth and culture center and a stadium and swimming pool; the church and a “boîte à miracles” near the youth center were inserted into the plan in the ’60s. (Le Corbusier was also invited, in 1962, to produce another plan for three Unités d’Habitation outside Firminy-Vert.) The Saint-Pierre church should have been the zenith of the quartet (the largest urban concentration of works by Le Corbusier in Europe, and what the architect Henri Ciriani termed Le Corbusier’s “acropolis”3) but in the early course of the project, Le Corbusier would suffer the diocese’s serial objections to his vision for the church – not unlike the difficulties he experienced with Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950–1954) and the resistance to his proposed monastery of Sainte-Marie de la Tourette (1957–1960). In 1964, the bishop of Saint-Étienne requested that Le Corbusier relocate the church to a new site, but Le Corbusier refused and the diocese subsequently withdrew from the project. (With neither the approval, funds, nor the participation of the bishop, by then the cardinal archbishop of Lyon, the first stone of the church was finally laid on the site in 1970.) Le Corbusier’s ambivalence toward the project, even prior to his quarrels with the bishop, reveals...

Jos heti lataa kaiken ja osoittaa sormella, ei ne nuoret tule mukaan. Järjestöjen mahdollisuudet vaikuttaa nuorten ruokatottumuksiin.

Aims: The older the youngsters are, the more important role hobbies and leisure time activities have in their life. That is why various activities organized by the non-profit organizations have an important role concerning the development of food habits of youngsters. This study has three main themes. The themes and their respective study questions are: 1. The youngsters' conceptions on healthy eating and food choice: What kind of food do youngsters consider as healthy? How do they see their own eating habits from this point of view? 2. The youngsters and the significance of everyday food-related information: How do the youngsters perceive the role of different actors and these actors' role regarding their own food habits and food choice? 3. The possibilities of the organizations that work with youngsters to improve their food habits: What kind of role do the non-profit organizations have on the youngsters' food habits and healthy food choice? Methods: This study comprises of two types of data. First, a quantitative internet-based survey (N=582) was used to collect data on the 9th graders conceptions and understandings. The data was analyzed with the SPSS-program. Means, cross-tabulations, Pearson´s correlations and t-test were calculated from the data. The qualitative data was collected using interviews. The respondents were 12 experts from non-profit organizations. The interviews were analyzed with the qualitative content analysis. Results and conclusions: The non-profit organizations studied have good possibilities to communicate with youngsters through their hobbies. As part of their activities these organizations are able to influence on health-promoting lifestyle and food habits of youngsters. In order to reach more youngsters, these organizations should actively act e.g. in virtual societies of youngsters. Youngsters will participate when activities are voluntary and exhilarating. From the point of food habits doing, learning and identifying are the most important factors to engage the young. Also the models of peers and adults are important. Non-profit organizations should offer youngsters activities but these organizations should also influence on society.

The conservation status of the world’s reptiles

Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapid insight into the status of reptiles are needed in order to highlight urgent conservation cases and inform environmental policy with appropriate biodiversity information in a timely manner. We present the first ever global analysis of extinction risk in reptiles, based on a random representative sample of 1500 species (16% of all currently known species). To our knowledge, our results provide the first analysis of the global conservation status and distribution patterns of reptiles and the threats affecting them, highlighting conservation priorities and knowledge gaps which need to be addressed urgently to ensure the continued survival of the world’s reptiles. Nearly one in five reptilian species are threatened with extinction, with another one in five species classed as Data Deficient. The proportion of threatened reptile species is highest in freshwater environments, tropical regions and on oceanic islands, while data deficiency was highest in tropical areas, such as Central Africa and Southeast Asia, and among fossorial reptiles. Our results emphasise the need for research attention to be focussed on tropical areas which are experiencing the most dramatic rates of habitat loss, on fossorial reptiles for which there is a chronic lack of data, and on certain taxa such as snakes for which extinction risk may currently be underestimated due to lack of population information. Conservation actions specifically need to mitigate the effects of human-induced habitat loss and harvesting, which are the predominant threats to reptiles.

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN.