Adherence and experimental infection of bacteria associated with periodontal infections of young cattle in Brazil (Cara inchada)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Modificação da microbiota associada às lesões peridentárias da cara inchada em bezerros transferidos para área indene

Observations on the epizootiology of cara inchada in cattle (CI) indicated that animals affected by the disease recover spontaneously when they are transferred from the CI-prone area to CI-free pastures. In the presente study 13 young bovines with actively progressing periodontal CI-lesions were transferred to a CI-free area, in order to investigate the clinical course of the disease and the composition of the microflora in the periodontal lesions in two distinct situations: (1) in the actively progressing lesions, and (2) in the healed periodontal pouches of clinically recovered animals. The semi-quantitative and qualitative bacteriological study was undertaken in regard to the percentage of black-pigmented Bacteroides in cultures. In the actively progressing lesions of the 13 CI-diseased bovines the percentage of these bacteria was 71.3% in average. The evaluation of the composition of the microflora in the healed periodontal pouches of the clinically recovered bovines showed that bacteria of the black-pigmented Bacteroides group existed only at an average of 1.7%. The results of this investigation give further support for the infectious nature of the CI-periodontitis and the primary involvement of these bacteria.

Natural fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composites - An approach on compression molding

This work has been performed at Tapetes Sao Carlos-Brazil with the cooperation of the DaimlerChrysler Research Center Team in Ulm - Germany. The objective of the present paper is to report the results obtained with natural fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) composites, concerning surface quality measurements. The fibers that have been chosen for this work were sisal and curaua. The samples were produced by compression molding technique and afterwards submitted to three different tests, namely: a) thermal aging; b) water absorption and c) artificial weathering. The surface parameters measured before and after the tests were gloss, haze, short and long-waviness. The results have shown that after the tests there is a high loss of gloss, a high increase in haze, and a high increase in short and long-waviness as well. Curaua reinforced composites had a slightly better behavior when compared with sisal reinforced composites. The effect of the presence of filler and the addition of thermoplastic polyester (TP) on the material behavior has not been evidently detected. This result shows that the conventional technology/methods applied to UP-Fiberglass systems cannot be transferred to natural fibers without any modification. The fiber-matrix interaction and its response to the presence of additives must be fully understood before a successful processing route can be developed for painted natural fibers reinforced UP. Copyright © 2001 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.

Clinical and molecular phenotype of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a genetic encephalopathy whose clinical features mimic those of acquired in utero viral infection. AGS exhibits locus heterogeneity, with mutations identified in genes encoding the 3′→5′ exonuclease TREX1 and the three subunits of the RNASEH2 endonuclease complex. To define the molecular spectrum of AGS, we performed mutation screening in patients, from 127 pedigrees, with a clinical diagnosis of the disease. Biallelic mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, and RNASEH2C were observed in 31, 3, 47, and 18 families, respectively. In five families, we identified an RNASEH2A or RNASEH2B mutation on one allele only. In one child, the disease occurred because of a de novo heterozygous TREX1 mutation. In 22 families, no mutations were found. Null mutations were common in TREX1, although a specific missense mutation was observed frequently in patients from northern Europe. Almost all mutations in RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, and RNASEH2C were missense. We identified an RNASEH2C founder mutation in 13 Pakistani families. We also collected clinical data from 123 mutation-positive patients. Two clinical presentations could be delineated: an early-onset neonatal form, highly reminiscent of congenital infection seen particularly with TREX1 mutations, and a later-onset presentation, sometimes occurring after several months of normal development and occasionally associated with remarkably preserved neurological function, most frequently due to RNASEH2B mutations. Mortality was correlated with genotype; 34.3% of patients with TREX1, RNASEH2A, and RNASEH2C mutations versus 8.0% RNASEH2B mutation-positive patients were known to have died (P = .001). Our analysis defines the phenotypic spectrum of AGS and suggests a coherent mutation-screening strategy in this heterogeneous disorder. Additionally, our data indicate that at least one further AGS-causing gene remains to be identified. © 2007 by The American Society of Human Genetics. All rights reserved.

Oferta, demanda e intermediación laboral: aportes para la integración de jóvenes al mercado de trabajo salvadoreño

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América Latina en el 2007: situación económica y del mercado de trabajo

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La coyuntura económica y social en América Latina y el Caribe

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Reformas económicas, crecimiento y empleo: los mercados de trabajo en América Latina y el Caribe

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En búsqueda de efectividad, eficiencia y equidad: las políticas del mercado de trabajo y los instrumentos de su evaluación

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Los jóvenes y el empleo en América Latina: desafíos y perspectivas ante el nuevo escenario laboral

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Tendencias recientes de la inserción de los jóvenes latinoamericanos en el mercado laboral

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Políticas de fomento de la inserción laboral de los jóvenes

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El nuevo escenario laboral latinoamericano: regulación, protección y políticas activas en los mercados de trabajo

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Avances y retos para el perfeccionamiento de la institucionalidad laboral en América Latina

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Flexiguridad con informalidad: opciones y restricciones

La necesidad de mejorar la capacidad de competir en mercados abiertos requiere relaciones laborales flexibles. Las mismas conllevan a la difusión de inestabilidad y significan pérdidas de protección La experiencia de los países desarrollados en conciliar ambos objetivos bajo estrategias de flexiguridad constituye un antecedente importante para analizar la capacidad de los países de la Región para incorporarlas. Se identifican las combinaciones de instrumentos utilizadas en los países para configurar una estrategia de flexiguridad. Las mismas consisten en interrelacionar la protección en el empleo y la protección laboral y social. Dichas combinaciones son múltiples en los países desarrollados y también lo son en América Latina. Reconociendo las diferencias estructurales asociadas a los niveles de desarrollo se analiza la inserción laboral como determinante importante para la difusión de los beneficios de la estrategia. Se muestran las limitantes estructurales asociadas al grado de urbanización, de asalariamiento y a la existencia de una amplia economía informal. Se examina, en particular, la economía informal como limitante estructural. Se propone una estrategia de formalización para avanzar hacia economías y sociedades más integradas y cohesionadas. La formalización se entiende como el reconocimiento legal y ejercicio de los derechos laborales de los trabajadores y el derecho a desarrollar negocios para los emprendedores. Dicha estrategia incluye: el desarrollo productivo y la regulación de las actividades informales, los derechos laborales en empresas informales con capacidad de pago limitada, la inseguridad y vulnerabilidad que están sujetos los trabajadores bajo formas contractuales a-típicas o son sujetos de relaciones laborales difusas y por último, la protección social para los trabajadores informales.