891 resultados para Investigación en ciencias de la tierra


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En este artículo, se presentan las experiencias en la introducción del formulario online como una herramienta muy efectiva que permite comunicar a los alumnos y los docentes con unos resultados muy positivos. El procedimiento de trabajo establecido fue el siguiente. En primer lugar, el equipo docente establece unos objetivos de aprendizaje y los distribuye en el cuatrimestre. Para cada sesión teórica, se prepara un cuestionario que explora los contenidos del día. Este cuestionario, que se prepara en una herramienta abierta, a la que todos los alumnos tienen acceso, se presenta a los alumnos veinte minutos antes de finalizar la clase. Los alumnos pueden contestar en la clase con sus ordenadores portátiles, móviles o tabletas, sin importar el sistema operativo al tratarse de aplicaciones en la red basadas en navegadores web. Para facilitar la inclusión de alumnado que no ha podido asistir físicamente a clase, pero sigue los contenidos a través de los materiales que el equipo docente publica previamente a la clase, los formularios quedan abiertos hasta la medianoche de ese día. Los resultados demuestran el alto nivel de transmisión de los contenidos en una verdadera evaluación continua que, a su vez, se percibe por el alumnado muy positivamente.

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Hormonal variations during the menstrual cycle (MC) may influence trainability of strength. We investigated the effects of a follicular phase-based strength training (FT) on muscle strength, muscle volume and microscopic parameters, comparing it to a luteal phase-based training (LT). Eumenorrheic women without oral contraception (OC) (N = 20, age: 25.9 ± 4.5 yr, height: 164.2 ± 5.5 cm, weight: 60.6 ± 7.8 kg) completed strength training on a leg press for three MC, and 9 of them participated in muscle biopsies. One leg had eight training sessions in the follicular phases (FP) and only two sessions in the luteal phases (LP) for follicular phase-based training (FT), while the other leg had eight training sessions in LP and only two sessions in FP for luteal phase-based training (LT). Estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), total testosterone (T), free testosterone (free T) and DHEA-s were analysed once during FP (around day 11) and once during LP (around day 25). Maximum isometric force (Fmax), muscle diameter (Mdm), muscle fibre composition (No), fibre diameter (Fdm) and cell nuclei-to-fibre ratio (N/F) were analysed before and after the training intervention. T and free T were higher in FP compared to LP prior to the training intervention (P < 0.05). The increase in Fmax after FT was higher compared to LT (P <0.05). FT also showed a higher increase in Mdm than LT (P < 0.05). Moreover, we found significant increases in Fdm of fibre type ΙΙ and in N/F only after FT; however, there was no significant difference from LT. With regard to change in fibre composition, no differences were observed between FT and LT. FT showed a higher gain in muscle strength and muscle diameter than LT. As a result, we recommend that eumenorrheic females without OC should base the periodization of their strength training on their individual MC.

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The aim of this study was to develop an anthropometric profile on highly skilled male water polo players by specific playing positions. Also, to identify significant relationships between these features an overhead throwing speed in highly skilled male Water Polo players by specific playing positions. Methods: A total of 94 male water polo players (24.5±5.3 yrs) who were playing in the Spanish King´s cup were studied. Subjects were grouped according to their specific playing positions: 15 goalkeepers, 45 offensive wings, 20 center backs and 14 center forwards. Anthropometric assessment was made following ISAK protocols. Hand grip and throwing speed in several situations were also assessed. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine if significant differences existed among the four playing positions. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients (r) were used to determine the relationships of all anthropometric measures with throwing speed and hand grip. The total player’s somatotype was endomorphic-mesomorphic (2.9–5.8–2.3). Center forwards exhibit important anthropometric differences compared with the other specific playing positions in elite male water polo players, but no differences were found in throwing speed by specific playing positions in each throwing conditions. Moreover, a higher number of relationships between anthropometric and throwing speed were found in wings and also in center backs but no relationships were found in center forwards. The data reflects the importance of muscle mass and upper body in the throwing skill. Coaches can use this information in order to select players for the different specific positions.

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The aim of this study is to analyse the physical and physiological factors in soccer training at different categories of training. The participants were 30 soccer players of 8-aside soccer in the under 10’s age group (9.93±0.25 years) who participated in the under 10 Provincial Tournament in Alicante. During training, the variables of covered distance, heart rate, speed (average and maximum values) as well as the methodology used and position were registered. After the statistical analysis and its related discussion, it was concluded that the players do not show differences in the covered total distance in relation to the category. Notwithstanding, there are differences with regards to speed and heart rate, which are caused by the greater physical development of the players in comparison to the under10’s age group category. Regarding the methodology employed, it is worth stressing that the coaches used, to a greater extend, the global method, followed by the mixed method.

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Entrenar el proceso de medida y ajuste de sistemas de refuerzo sonoro en entornos universitarios presenta claros problemas de infraestructura, pues cada estudiante debería tener acceso a un sistema de refuerzo, un sistema de medida y un sistema de procesado. Los sistemas virtuales, si están diseñados cuidadosamente permiten, si no prescindir de los sistemas reales, tener una fase previa de experimentación que puede solventar, aunque sea en parte, las carencias de infraestructura mencionadas. En este trabajo se explora la posibilidad de emplear un sistema virtual, basado en medidas sobre un sistema real, para entrenar los procedimientos de ajuste de sistemas de refuerzo sonoro.

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This randomized and controlled trial investigated whether the increase in elite training at different altitudes altered the oxidative stress biomarkers of the nervous system. This is the first study to investigate four F4-neuroprostanes and four F2-dihomo-isoprostanes quantified in 24-hour urine. The quantification was carried out by Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-triple Quadrupole-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). Sixteen elite triathletes agreed to participate in the project. They were randomized in two groups, a group submitted to Altitude Training (n=8) and a group submitted to Sea Level Training (n=8), with a Control group of non-athletes (n=8). After experimental period, the Altitude Training group triathletes gave significant data: 17-epi-17-F2t-dihomo-IsoP (from 5.2 ± 1.4 µg/mL 24 h-1 to 6.6 ± 0.6 µg/mL 24 h-1), ent-7(RS)-7-F2t-dihomo-IsoP (from 6.6 ± 1.7 µg/mL 24 h-1 to 8.6 ± 0.9 µg /mL 24 h-1), and ent-7-epi-7-F2t-dihomo-IsoP (from 8.4 ± 2.2 µg/mL 24 h-1 to 11.3 ± 1.8 µg/mL 24 h-1) increased, while, of the neuronal degeneration-related compounds, only 10-epi-10-F4t-NeuroP (8.4 ± 1.7 µg/mL 24 h-1) and 10-F4t-NeuroP (5.2 ± 2.9 µg/mL 24 h-1) were detected in this group. For the control group and sea level training groups, no significant changes had occurred at the end of the 2-weeks experimental period. Therefore, and as the main conclusion, the training at moderate altitude increased the F4-NeuroPs- and F2-dihomo-isoPs-related oxidative damage of the central nervous system (CNS) compared to similar training at sea level.

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Conocer las realidades que nos rodean, exige un contacto directo con el medio. Este contacto se concreta en procesos de autoaprendizaje que son incompatibles con una recepción pasiva de la información. La investigación produce un procesamiento de la información en un doble sentido al poner en contacto las ideas previas de cada persona con las reconstrucciones de los conocimientos que provoca todo aprendizaje significativo. La investigación es posible siempre en todos los contextos y realizada por todas las personas. Por eso, presentamos, en este artículo, un ejemplo de cómo llevar a cabo una metodología investigadora para el conocimiento del medio. Concretamente nos centramos en un sector de la ciudad de Oviedo, conocido como 'El ensanche del Convento de S. Francisco'.

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El presente documento pone de manifiesto la propuesta de profundización en el currículo de los programas de pregrado de la Facultad de Rehabilitación y Desarrollo Humano, generada a partir de la reflexión, los logros y los avances del Grupo de Investigación en Actividad Física. El grupo define una serie de espacios académicos de formación en investigación para profesionales de las ciencias de la salud y de la Rehabilitación interesados en adquirir actitudes y competencias básicas en la generación de conocimiento dentro de su categoría objeto de estudio, en donde la actividad física se concibe como elemento dinamizador del desarrollo humano de los individuos y de las comunidades.

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Antes de que Colombia fuera país, ya existían disputas, enfrentamientos e injusticias en torno a la estructura de acceso, tenencia y usufructo de la tierra. Tal situación engendró tensiones espaciales, que se pueden abordar y caracterizar a partir de un marco teórico sobre neoinstitucionalismo político. Con lo anterior en mente, el objetivo de ésta investigación , fue el de determinar la manera en que las dinámicas entre tensiones espaciales históricas como instituciones, delinearon el contexto del cual surgió la Ley 1448 de 2011 (Restitución de tierras y reparación de víctimas del conflicto armado) y la intervención e incidencia que ésta pretende, en la coyuntura actual.

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El trabajo no ha sido publicado. En el CD adjunto se encuentran las presentaciones realizadas. Resumen basado en ficha elaborada por los autores

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