Error sensitive historical GIS: Identifying areal interpolation errors in time series data

Historical GIS has the potential to re-invigorate our use of statistics from historical censuses and related sources. In particular, areal interpolation can be used to create long-run time-series of spatially detailed data that will enable us to enhance significantly our understanding of geographical change over periods of a century or more. The difficulty with areal interpolation, however, is that the data that it generates are estimates which will inevitably contain some error. This paper describes a technique that allows the automated identification of possible errors at the level of the individual data values.

Revisi��n sistem��tica de la producci��n espa��ola sobre rendimiento acad��mico entre 1980 y 2011

El bajo rendimiento acad��mico sigue siendo un problema de investigaci��n de gran impacto social. Sin embargo, los resultados cient��ficos no est��n teniendo repercusi��n en la mejora, ni en las pol��ticas educativas. En este trabajo nos propusimos identificar, ordenar, analizar y extraer conclusiones sobre la producci��n espa��ola sobre rendimiento acad��mico, con el fin de visualizarla y derivar problemas futuros objeto de investigaci��n. Para ello se llev�� a cabo un estudio de revisi��n en seis etapas, en el que se combinaron procedimientos metodol��gicos de investigaci��n de s��ntesis y de investigaci��n bibliom��trica. Se identificaron las publicaciones en cuatro bases de datos espa��olas; posteriormente se analizaron y codificaron los datos extra��dos alrededor de nueve indicadores: t��tulo, a��o, tipo de documento, editorial, autor, n��mero autores, instituci��n, comunidad aut��noma y tema. Los resultados muestran una producci��n constante y creciente (1595 referencias), pero dispersa, tanto por el inmenso n��mero de autores que publican, la mayor��a con un solo trabajo, como por los lugares donde publican. Las tem��ticas m��s tratadas se refieren en primer lugar a modelos explicativos, diagn��stico y tratamiento; en segundo lugar se abordan los factores y variables determinantes del bajo y alto rendimiento acad��mico; en tercer lugar se desarrollan estudios sobre legislaci��n y de otras variables psicol��gicas y educativas en relaci��n con el rendimiento. Este estudio supone una aproximaci��n sintetizada de la producci��n sobre rendimiento acad��mico en Espa��a, y un primer paso para investigaciones de s��ntesis posteriores, que nos permitan identificar buenas pr��cticas para el ejercicio de ���pr��cticas basadas en la evidencia���, y otros problemas de investigaci��n.

Social Networks Usage Profile: Descriptive study with students in the University of Murcia

Telematic tools are very important for our lives in the present era and moreover this idea is made more evident if we analyse young people behaviours. However,��it seems that the possibilities that these tools allow subjects from a professional point of view, beyond the purely playful aspects, are still not fully exploited both by subjects, neither by educational institutions where they learn. Our work studies the uses of social media in the context of university students. In order to this we have designed a research based on quantitative methodology with a survey. We have applied a questionnaire to students in the University of Murcia. The questionnaire was answered by 487 students in the first half of 2014. The survey results confirm our hypothesis that social networks are part of the basic and habitual tools of communication between the youth of our university and eminently used for leisure purposes, and that the tools used for more academic activities are those allowing greater control of privacy.

Social networks applied to training

In this article, we address the importance and relevance that social networks exhibit in their use as an educational resource.�� This relevance relies in the possibility of implementing new learning resources or increasing the level of the participant's connectivity, as well as developing learning communities.�� Also, the risk entailed from their use is discussed, especially for the students that have a low technological education or those having excessive confidence on the media.�� It is important to highlight that the educational use of social networks is not a simple extension or translation of the student's habitual, recreational use, but that it implies an important change in the roles given to teachers as well as learners; from accommodative learning environments that only encourage memorization to other environments that demand an active, reflective, collaborative and proactive attitude, that require the development/acquisition of technological as well as social abilities, aptitudes and values.�� It is also important to highlight that a correct implementation and adequate use will not only foment formal learning, but also informal and non-formal learning.

So mechanical or routine: The not original in Feist

The United States Supreme Court case of 1991, Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Service Co., continues to be highly significant for property in data and databases, but remains poorly understood. The approach taken in this article contrasts with previous studies. It focuses upon the ���not original��� rather than the original. The delineation of the absence of a modicum of creativity in selection, coordination, and arrangement of data as a component of the not original forms a pivotal point in the Supreme Court decision. The author also aims at elucidation rather than critique, using close textual exegesis of the Supreme Court decision. The results of the exegesis are translated into a more formal logical form to enhance clarity and rigor.<br/><br/><br/>The insufficiently creative is initially characterized as ���so mechanical or routine.��� Mechanical and routine are understood in their ordinary discourse senses, as a conjunction or as connected by AND, and as the central clause. Subsequent clauses amplify the senses of mechanical and routine without disturbing their conjunction.<br/><br/><br/>The delineation of the absence of a modicum of creativity can be correlated with classic conceptions of computability. The insufficiently creative can then be understood as a routine selection, coordination, or arrangement produced by an automatic mechanical procedure or algorithm. An understanding of a modicum of creativity and of copyright law is also indicated.<br/><br/><br/>The value of the exegesis and interpretation is identified as its final simplicity, clarity, comprehensiveness, and potential practical utility.<br/>