Aerial video geo-registration using terrain models from dense and coherent stereo matching

In the context of aerial imagery, one of the first steps toward a coherent processing of the information contained in multiple images is geo-registration, which consists in assigning geographic 3D coordinates to the pixels of the image. This enables accurate alignment and geo-positioning of multiple images, detection of moving objects and fusion of data acquired from multiple sensors. To solve this problem there are different approaches that require, in addition to a precise characterization of the camera sensor, high resolution referenced images or terrain elevation models, which are usually not publicly available or out of date. Building upon the idea of developing technology that does not need a reference terrain elevation model, we propose a geo-registration technique that applies variational methods to obtain a dense and coherent surface elevation model that is used to replace the reference model. The surface elevation model is built by interpolation of scattered 3D points, which are obtained in a two-step process following a classical stereo pipeline: first, coherent disparity maps between image pairs of a video sequence are estimated and then image point correspondences are back-projected. The proposed variational method enforces continuity of the disparity map not only along epipolar lines (as done by previous geo-registration techniques) but also across them, in the full 2D image domain. In the experiments, aerial images from synthetic video sequences have been used to validate the proposed technique.

Carbon dioxide emissions from semi-arid soils amended with biochar alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers

Semi-arid soils cover a significant area of Earth s land surface and typically contain large amounts of inorganic C. Determining the effects of biochar additions on CO2 emissions fromsemi-arid soils is therefore essential for evaluating the potential of biochar as a climate change mitigation strategy. Here, we measured the CO2 that evolved from semi-arid calcareous soils amended with biochar at rates of 0 and 20 t ha?1 in a full factorial combination with three different fertilizers (mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, and sewage sludge) applied at four rates (equivalent to 0, 75, 150, and 225 kg potentially available N ha?1) during 182 days of aerobic incubation. A double exponential model, which describes cumulative CO2 emissions from two active soil C compartments with different turnover rates (one relatively stable and the other more labile), was found to fit verywell all the experimental datasets. In general, the organic fertilizers increased the size and decomposition rate of the stable and labile soil C pools. In contrast, biochar addition had no effects on any of the double exponential model parameters and did not interact with the effects ascribed to the type and rate of fertilizer. After 182 days of incubation, soil organic and microbial biomass C contents tended to increase with increasing the application rates of organic fertilizer, especially of compost, whereas increasing the rate of mineral fertilizer tended to suppress microbial biomass. Biochar was found to increase both organic and inorganic C contents in soil and not to interactwith the effects of type and rate of fertilizer on C fractions. As a whole, our results suggest that the use of biochar as enhancer of semi-arid soils, either alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers, is unlikely to increase abiotic and biotic soil CO2 emissions.

Nonlinear seismic behaviour of concrete arch bridges

Arch bridge structural solution has been known for centuries, in fact the simple nature of arch that require low tension and shear strength was an advantage as the simple materials like stone and brick were the only option back in ancient centuries. By the pass of time especially after industrial revolution, the new materials were adopted in construction of arch bridges to reach longer spans. Nowadays one long span arch bridge is made of steel, concrete or combination of these two as "CFST", as the result of using these high strength materials, very long spans can be achieved. The current record for longest arch belongs to Chaotianmen bridge over Yangtze river in China with 552 meters span made of steel and the longest reinforced concrete type is Wanxian bridge which also cross the Yangtze river through a 420 meters span. Today the designer is no longer limited by span length as long as arch bridge is the most applicable solution among other approaches, i.e. cable stayed and suspended bridges are more reasonable if very long span is desired. Like any super structure, the economical and architectural aspects in construction of a bridge is extremely important, in other words, as a narrower bridge has better appearance, it also require smaller volume of material which make the design more economical. Design of such bridge, beside the high strength materials, requires precise structural analysis approaches capable of integrating the combination of material behaviour and complex geometry of structure and various types of loads which may be applied to bridge during its service life. Depend on the design strategy, analysis may only evaluates the linear elastic behaviour of structure or consider the nonlinear properties as well. Although most of structures in the past were designed to act in their elastic range, the rapid increase in computational capacity allow us to consider different sources of nonlinearities in order to achieve a more realistic evaluations where the dynamic behaviour of bridge is important especially in seismic zones where large movements may occur or structure experience P - _ effect during the earthquake. The above mentioned type of analysis is computationally expensive and very time consuming. In recent years, several methods were proposed in order to resolve this problem. Discussion of recent developments on these methods and their application on long span concrete arch bridges is the main goal of this research. Accordingly available long span concrete arch bridges have been studied to gather the critical information about their geometrical aspects and properties of their materials. Based on concluded information, several concrete arch bridges were designed for further studies. The main span of these bridges range from 100 to 400 meters. The Structural analysis methods implemented in in this study are as following: Elastic Analysis: Direct Response History Analysis (DRHA): This method solves the direct equation of motion over time history of applied acceleration or imposed load in linear elastic range. Modal Response History Analysis (MRHA): Similar to DRHA, this method is also based on time history, but the equation of motion is simplified to single degree of freedom system and calculates the response of each mode independently. Performing this analysis require less time than DRHA. Modal Response Spectrum Analysis (MRSA): As it is obvious from its name, this method calculates the peak response of structure for each mode and combine them using modal combination rules based on the introduced spectra of ground motion. This method is expected to be fastest among Elastic analysis. Inelastic Analysis: Nonlinear Response History Analysis (NL-RHA): The most accurate strategy to address significant nonlinearities in structural dynamics is undoubtedly the nonlinear response history analysis which is similar to DRHA but extended to inelastic range by updating the stiffness matrix for every iteration. This onerous task, clearly increase the computational cost especially for unsymmetrical buildings that requires to be analyzed in a full 3D model for taking the torsional effects in to consideration. Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA): The Modal Pushover Analysis is basically the MRHA but extended to inelastic stage. After all, the MRHA cannot solve the system of dynamics because the resisting force fs(u; u_ ) is unknown for inelastic stage. The solution of MPA for this obstacle is using the previously recorded fs to evaluate system of dynamics. Extended Modal Pushover Analysis (EMPA): Expanded Modal pushover is a one of very recent proposed methods which evaluates response of structure under multi-directional excitation using the modal pushover analysis strategy. In one specific mode,the original pushover neglect the contribution of the directions different than characteristic one, this is reasonable in regular symmetric building but a structure with complex shape like long span arch bridges may go through strong modal coupling. This method intend to consider modal coupling while it take same time of computation as MPA. Coupled Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis (CNSP): The EMPA includes the contribution of non-characteristic direction to the formal MPA procedure. However the static pushovers in EMPA are performed individually for every mode, accordingly the resulted values from different modes can be combined but this is only valid in elastic phase; as soon as any element in structure starts yielding the neutral axis of that section is no longer fixed for both response during the earthquake, meaning the longitudinal deflection unavoidably affect the transverse one or vice versa. To overcome this drawback, the CNSP suggests executing pushover analysis for governing modes of each direction at the same time. This strategy is estimated to be more accurate than MPA and EMPA, moreover the calculation time is reduced because only one pushover analysis is required. Regardless of the strategy, the accuracy of structural analysis is highly dependent on modelling and numerical integration approaches used in evaluation of each method. Therefore the widely used Finite Element Method is implemented in process of all analysis performed in this research. In order to address the study, chapter 2, starts with gathered information about constructed long span arch bridges, this chapter continuous with geometrical and material definition of new models. Chapter 3 provides the detailed information about structural analysis strategies; furthermore the step by step description of procedure of all methods is available in Appendix A. The document ends with the description of results and conclusion of chapter 4.

Sistema de seguridad basado en la clasificación de eventos sonoros

La teoría de reconocimiento y clasificación de patrones y el aprendizaje automático son actualmente áreas de conocimiento en constante desarrollo y con aplicaciones prácticas en múltiples ámbitos de la industria. El propósito de este Proyecto de Fin de Grado es el estudio de las mismas así como la implementación de un sistema software que dé solución a un problema de clasificación de ruido impulsivo, concretamente mediante el desarrollo de un sistema de seguridad basado en la clasificación de eventos sonoros en tiempo real. La solución será integral, comprendiendo todas las fases del proceso, desde la captación de sonido hasta el etiquetado de los eventos registrados, pasando por el procesado digital de señal y la extracción de características. Para su desarrollo se han diferenciado dos partes fundamentales; una primera que comprende la interfaz de usuario y el procesado de la señal de audio donde se desarrollan las labores de monitorización y detección de ruido impulsivo y otra segunda centrada únicamente en la clasificación de los eventos sonoros detectados, definiendo una arquitectura de doble clasificador donde se determina si los eventos detectados son falsas alarmas o amenazas, etiquetándolos como de un tipo concreto en este segundo caso. Los resultados han sido satisfactorios, mostrando una fiabilidad global en el proceso de entorno al 90% a pesar de algunas limitaciones a la hora de construir la base de datos de archivos de audio, lo que prueba que un dispositivo de seguridad basado en el análisis de ruido ambiente podría incluirse en un sistema integral de alarma doméstico aumentando la protección del hogar. ABSTRACT. Pattern classification and machine learning are currently expertise areas under continuous development and also with extensive applications in many business sectors. The aim of this Final Degree Project is to study them as well as the implementation of software to carry on impulsive noise classification tasks, particularly through the development of a security system based on sound events classification. The solution will go over all process stages, from capturing sound to the labelling of the events recorded, without forgetting digital signal processing and feature extraction, everything in real time. In the development of the Project a distinction has been made between two main parts. The first one comprises the user’s interface and the audio signal processing module, where monitoring and impulsive noise detection tasks take place. The second one is focussed in sound events classification tasks, defining a double classifier architecture where it is determined whether detected events are false alarms or threats, labelling them from a concrete category in the latter case. The obtained results have been satisfactory, with an overall reliability of 90% despite some limitations when building the audio files database. This proves that a safety device based on the analysis of environmental noise could be included in a full alarm system increasing home protection standards.

Principios Modernos y Organización de Proyectos

La tesis desvela el origen moderno del modo de afrontar el proyecto de arquitectura mediante métodos de ordenación. Estos procedimientos, fieles a la poética que los respalda, establecen unos principios que anteceden y constituyen la base del método y estos son técnicos, funcionales y sociales. Una cartografía de los principios propuestos por los arquitectos y los teóricos de la arquitectura nos aporta el medio de investigación de la tesis, los libros de arquitecto. La intelectualización y conceptualización que conlleva la arquitectura durante el siglo XX, favorecida por la asociación de los arquitectos, los historiadores y los críticos en encuentros y debates, fomentará la aparición de textos en los que el proyecto de arquitectura se contextualice en su entorno. De esta manera se deja de lado la resolución de un proyecto concreto, mediante la elección entre diversas posibilidades contingentes, para establecer que el acto de proyectar constituye un problema abstracto. Esta postura modifica la resolución del proyecto de arquitectura que ahora se acomete como un caso particular a resolver según los principios y métodos propuestos. Los libros de arquitecto se evidencian como el medio privilegiado para exponer los principios y los métodos de organización de estos, posicionándolos en el ambiente cultural y social. Los principios técnica, función y ciudad que fascinan a los arquitectos desde los años veinte, sufren un proceso de puesta en crisis entre el final de la II Guerra Mundial y la crisis del petróleo del año 1973. A partir de los años setenta pierden su vigencia y ya no deslumbran. Quedan relegados a un principio más, que afecta al proyecto de arquitectura, pero no lo determina. Este desplazamiento en vez de debilitarlos hace que se manifiesten en todo su poder creativo. Las herramientas que explicitan estos principios tales como, la seriación, la modulación, el cambio de escala, los métodos de organización jerarquizados o adaptables, las taxonomías, los diagramas y los relatos, pierden su carga de novedad y de certeza, y su poder metafórico alcanzando la contemporaneidad convertidas en una estructura conceptual sobre la que se organizan los proyectos de arquitectura. ABSTRACT This dissertation reveals the modernist origins of approaching architectural design through organizational methods. These procedures, true to the poetics that back them, establish certain principles that precede and constitute the foundations of the method, and they are technical, functional and social. A map of the principles proposed by architects and architecture theorists provides the means of research of this dissertation; architect’s books. The intellectualization and conceptualization regarding architecture during the 20th century, assisted by the association of architects, historians and critics through conferences and debates, encouraged the advent of texts in which the architectural project is contextualized in its surroundings. In this way, the issue of solving a specific design is set aside by choosing between a diverse set of possible contingencies, establishing that the act of designing constitutes an abstract problem. This stance changed the way the architectural project was carried out by becoming a specific case to be worked out according to the principles and methods proposed. Architect’s books become the privileged means to present the principles and organizational methods of architects, positioning them in cultural and social circles. The principles of technology, functionality and urbanity that had fascinated architects since the 1920s, were put into question between the end of World War II and the 1973 oil crisis. After the 1970s these principles were no longer valid and ceased to amaze. But this displacement, instead of debilitating them, made them appear in their full creative force. The tools that assert these principles, such as serial production, modulation, change of scales, hierarchical or adaptable organizational methods, taxonomies, diagrams and narratives, lose their novel and undisputed content as well as their metaphorical power, reaching us, nowadays, turned into a conceptual structure upon which we organize architectural design.

A diversidade cultural e as suas implicações no processo de ensino e aprendizagem : como integrar a diversidade na educação de infância

Relatório de estágio apresentado para obtenção do grau de mestre na especialidade profissional de Educação pré-escolar

The β subunit sliding DNA clamp is responsible for unassisted mutagenic translesion replication by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme

The replication of damaged nucleotides that have escaped DNA repair leads to the formation of mutations caused by misincorporation opposite the lesion. In Escherichia coli, this process is under tight regulation of the SOS stress response and is carried out by DNA polymerase III in a process that involves also the RecA, UmuD′ and UmuC proteins. We have shown that DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is able to replicate, unassisted, through a synthetic abasic site in a gapped duplex plasmid. Here, we show that DNA polymerase III*, a subassembly of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme lacking the β subunit, is blocked very effectively by the synthetic abasic site in the same DNA substrate. Addition of the β subunit caused a dramatic increase of at least 28-fold in the ability of the polymerase to perform translesion replication, reaching 52% bypass in 5 min. When the ssDNA region in the gapped plasmid was extended from 22 nucleotides to 350 nucleotides, translesion replication still depended on the β subunit, but it was reduced by 80%. DNA sequence analysis of translesion replication products revealed mostly −1 frameshifts. This mutation type is changed to base substitution by the addition of UmuD′, UmuC, and RecA, as demonstrated in a reconstituted SOS translesion replication reaction. These results indicate that the β subunit sliding DNA clamp is the major determinant in the ability of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme to perform unassisted translesion replication and that this unassisted bypass produces primarily frameshifts.

Cloning and characterization of TDD5, an androgen target gene that is differentially repressed by testosterone and dihydrotestosterone

By using mRNA polymerase chain reaction differential display technique (DDPCR), we have identified one early responsive cDNA fragment, TDD5, from a 5α-reductase-deficient T cell hybridoma. The DDPCR profiles of TDD5 suggest that its expression can be repressed by testosterone (T) within 2 hr. More importantly, both DDPCR and Northern blot analysis further demonstrated that the expression of TDD5 was differentially repressed by T and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at the mRNA level. To our knowledge, this is the first androgen target gene to show a preference in response to T over DHT in cell culture. TDD5 is expressed in several tissues with particular abundance in kidney. Full-length TDD5 cDNA (2,916 bp) encodes a protein with a calculated molecular weight of 42,000. Finally, our animal studies further confirm that TDD5 mRNA levels can be repressed to the basal level 8 hr after DHT administration. The isolation and characterization of the early-responsive androgen target gene TDD5 and the fact that TDD5 mRNA level can be differentially regulated by T and DHT may provide a useful tool to study the molecular mechanism of androgen preference on target gene regulation.

On the molecular basis and regulation of cellular capacitative calcium entry: Roles for Trp proteins

During the last 2 years, our laboratory has worked on the elucidation of the molecular basis of capacitative calcium entry (CCE) into cells. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that CCE channels are formed of subunits encoded in genes related to the Drosophila trp gene. The first step in this pursuit was to search for mammalian trp genes. We found not one but six mammalian genes and cloned several of their cDNAs, some in their full length. As assayed in mammalian cells, overexpression of some mammalian Trps increases CCE, while expression of partial trp cDNAs in antisense orientation can interfere with endogenous CCE. These findings provided a firm connection between CCE and mammalian Trps. This article reviews the known forms of CCE and highlights unanswered questions in our understanding of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and the physiological roles of CCE.

Muscle-regulated expression and determinants for neuromuscular junctional localization of the mouse RIα regulatory subunit of cAMP- dependent protein kinase

In skeletal muscle, transcription of the gene encoding the mouse type Iα (RIα) subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase is initiated from the alternative noncoding first exons 1a and 1b. Here, we report that activity of the promoter upstream of exon 1a (Pa) depends on two adjacent E boxes (E1 and E2) in NIH 3T3-transfected fibroblasts as well as in intact muscle. Both basal activity and MyoD transactivation of the Pa promoter require binding of the upstream stimulating factors (USF) to E1. E2 binds either an unknown protein in a USF/E1 complex-dependent manner or MyoD. Both E2-bound proteins seem to function as repressors, but with different strengths, of the USF transactivation potential. Previous work has shown localization of the RIα protein at the neuromuscular junction. Using DNA injection into muscle of plasmids encoding segments of RIα or RIIα fused to green fluorescent protein, we demonstrate that anchoring at the neuromuscular junction is specific to RIα subunits and requires the amino-terminal residues 1–81. Mutagenesis of Phe-54 to Ala in the full-length RIα–green fluorescent protein template abolishes localization, indicating that dimerization of RIα is essential for anchoring. Moreover, two other hydrophobic residues, Val-22 and Ile-27, are crucial for localization of RIα at the neuromuscular junction. These amino acids are involved in the interaction of the Caenorhabditis elegans type Iα homologue RCE with AKAPCE and for in vitro binding of RIα to dual A-kinase anchoring protein 1. We also show enrichment of dual A-kinase anchoring protein 1 at the neuromuscular junction, suggesting that it could be responsible for RIα tethering at this site.

An alternatively spliced form of the transcription factor Sp1 containing only a single glutamine-rich transactivation domain.

Protein-protein interactions involving specific transactivation domains play a central role in gene transcription and its regulation. The promoter-specific transcription factor Sp1 contains two glutamine-rich transcriptional activation domains (A and B) that mediate direct interactions with the transcription factor TFIID complex associated with RNA polymerase II and synergistic effects involving multiple Sp1 molecules. In the present study, we report the complementary DNA sequence for an alternatively spliced form of mouse Sp1 (mSp1-S) that lacks one of the two glutamine-rich activation regions present in the full-length protein. Corresponding transcripts were identified in mouse tissues and cell lines, and an Sp1-related protein identical in size to that predicted for mSp1-S was detected in mouse nuclear extracts. Cotransfection analysis revealed that mSp1-S lacks appreciable activity at promoters containing a single Sp1 response element but is active when multiple Sp1 sites are present, suggesting synergistic interactions between multiple mSp1-S molecules. The absence of a single glutamine-rich domain does not fully explain the properties of the smaller protein and indicates that additional structural features account for its unique transcriptional activity. The functional implications of this alternatively spliced form of Sp1 are discussed.

NMR of enzymatically synthesized uniformly 13C15N-labeled DNA oligonucleotides.

A procedure for the enzymatic synthesis of uniformly 13C15N-labeled DNA oligonucleotides in milligram quantities for NMR studies is described. Deoxynucleotides obtained from microorganisms grown on 13C and 15N nutrient sources are enzymatically phosphorylated to dNTPs, and the dNTPs are incorporated into oligonucleotides using a 3'-5' exonuclease-deficient mutant of Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I and an oligonucleotide template primer designed for efficient separation of labeled product DNA from unlabeled template. The labeling strategy has been used to uniformly label one or the other oligonucleotide strand in the DNA duplex dGGCAAAACGG.dCCGTTTTGCC in order to facilitate assignment and structure determination by NMR. Application of 15N and 13C heteronuclear NMR experiments to isotopically labeled DNA is presented.

Modified PNA design and synthesis: a novel approach using Molecular Dynamics and Metadynamics

Gli acidi peptido nucleici sono potenti strumenti utilizzati in ambito biotecnologico per colpire DNA o RNA. PNA contenenti basi o backbone modificati sono attualmente studiati per migliorarne le proprietà in ambito biologico. Bersagliare i micro RNA (anti-miR) è particolarmente interessante nell’ottica di future applicazioni terapeutiche, ma strumenti computazionali che aiutino nel design di nuovi PNA anti-miR non sono stati ancora completamente sviluppati. Le proprietà conformazionali del singolo filamento di PNA (non modificato o recante modificazioni in γ) e dei duplex PNA:RNA e i processi di re-annealing e melting sono stati studiati tramite Dinamica Molecolare e Metadinamica. L’approccio computazionale consolidato, assieme a un programma modificato per la generazione delle strutture dei duplex contenenti PNA, è stato utilizzato per il virtual screening di PNA contenenti basi modificate. Sono state inoltre sintetizzate le unità per l’ottenimento del composto più promettente e una funzione idrolitica da legare al monomero finale.

Measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum using hybrid events of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays above 10(18)eV is measured using the hybrid events collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory between November 2005 and September 2010. The large exposure of the Observatory allows the measurement of the main features of the energy spectrum with high statistics. Full Monte Carlo simulations of the extensive air showers (based on the CORSIKA code) and of the hybrid detector response are adopted here as an independent cross check of the standard analysis (Phys. Lett. B 685, 239 (2010)). The dependence on mass composition and other systematic uncertainties are discussed in detail and, in the full Monte Carlo approach, a region of confidence for flux measurements is defined when all the uncertainties are taken into account. An update is also reported of the energy spectrum obtained by combining the hybrid spectrum and that measured using the surface detector array.

Anatomofisiologia da sucção e deglutição do bebê em computação gráfica 3D como instrumento educacional

A eficiência da amamentação exige uma complexa coordenação entre sucção, deglutição e respiração, sendo que a tecnologia tem possibilitado importantes avanços na compreensão desse processo. Porém, não foram encontrados vídeos disponíveis na internet que demonstrassem a anatomia e fisiologia da amamentação, de modo didático e fidedigno à ciência atual. Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever o desenvolvimento de uma sequência em computação gráfica sobre a sucção e a deglutição, resultante da produção digital do Bebê Virtual, bem como validar tal produção quanto ao conteúdo e prover adequações necessárias ao material educacional. Para a produção das iconografias em 3D da sucção e deglutição no Bebê Virtual, inicialmente foi elaborado um mapa conceitual e uma matriz de conteúdos, objetivos e competências voltadas ao material educacional. Posteriormente foi elaborado um roteiro científico que abordou a anatomia do crânio, face, cavidade oral, faringe, laringe e esôfago do recém-nascido, bem como, a descrição dos mecanismos fisiológicos relacionados à sucção e às fases oral e faríngea da deglutição no bebê. Para isso foram utilizadas 14 publicações do período de 1998 a 2008, que continham informações relevantes para demonstrar a amamentação. Os conteúdos teóricos foram organizados em cenas principais, possibilitando a criação de previews das sequências dinâmicas, as quais foram avaliadas por profissionais de anatomia, fonoaudiologia e medicina, possibilitando os ajustes necessários e a construção das imagens em computação gráfica 3D. Para análise da validade de conteúdo dessas imagens foi verificada a representatividade dos itens que o compõe, por meio de consulta à literatura. Foram incluídos estudos que utilizaram auxílio tecnológico e abordaram o tema proposto em bebês a termo e saudáveis, sem alterações neurológicas ou anomalias craniofaciais. Foram excluídas as publicações realizadas com bebês pré-termo, sindrômicos, com anomalias, doenças neurológicas ou qualquer alteração que pudesse interferir na amamentação, revisões de literatura e relatos de caso. Os artigos selecionados foram analisados e classificados quanto ao nível de evidência científica, predominando o nível três de evidência. A análise de conteúdo demonstrou a necessidade de adequações nas iconografias 3D, para que o processo de sucção e deglutição demonstrado no bebê virtual pudesse corresponder ao conhecimento científico atual. Tais adequações foram propostas a partir dos achados de 9 estudos, publicados entre 2008 e 2014, que utilizaram ultrassonografia para demonstrar como ocorre o processo de amamentação. Desta forma, foram modificados os aspectos da pega, da movimentação de língua, mandíbula, palato mole e laringe, além da sincronização da sucção/deglutição/respiração e deslocamento do mamilo, num processo desenvolvido em cinco etapas. Assim, o presente estudo descreveu o processo de desenvolvimento das iconografias em 3D sobre a anatomia e fisiologia da sucção e deglutição no recém-nascido a termo, sendo que a validade de conteúdo permitiu atualizar vários aspectos da amamentação do Bebê Virtual, quebrando velhos paradigmas e possibilitando ilustrar didaticamente as evidências científicas relacionadas.