A practical question book on the various duties which we owe to God and to each other, designed as a sequel to the Topical question book. With hints and anecdotes ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Basic optical properties of materials : summaries of papers presented at the Topical Conference on Basic Optical Properties of Materials, held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland, May 5-7, 1980 /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Measurement technology for safeguards and materials control : proceedings from American Nuclear Society Topical Meeting held November 26-30, 1979, Kiawah Island, South Carolina /

Issued June 1980.

Proceedings of the topical conference on heavy ion collisions : Fall Creek Falls State Park, Pikeville, Tennessee, June 13-17, 1977 /

"CONF-770602."

Chapters on the law relating to the colonies, to which are appended topical indexes of cases decided in the Privy council on appeal from the colonies, Channel Islands and the Isle of Man; and of cases relating to the colonies decided in the English courts otherwise than on appeal from the colonies.

Mode of access: Internet.

Concrete-polymer materials : fourth topical report /

Mode of access: Internet.

The Scofield reference Bible. The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments. Authorized version, with a new system of connected topical references to all the greater themes of Scripture, with annotations, revised marginal renderings, summaries, definitions, and index; to which are added helps at hard places, explanations of seeming discrepancies, and a new system of paragraphs.

Mode of access: Internet.

Analysis of civil government, including a topical and tabular arrangement of the Constitution of the United States.

Mode of access: Internet.

Complete index to The Expositor's Bible : topical and textual /

Mode of access: Internet.

The readable dictionary; or, Topical and synonymic lexicon ... classified by subjects, and arranged according to their affinities of meaning; with accompanying etymologies, definitions, and illustrations. To which are added, I. Lists of foreign terms and phrases ... II. A table of the common abbreviations. III. An alphabetical list of Latin and Greek roots, with derivatives ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Topical advanced arithmetic.

Mode of access: Internet.

Cytotoxicity of topical antimicrobial agents used in burn wounds in Australasia

Background: Burn sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with major burns. The use of topical antimicrobial agents has helped improve the survival of these patients. Silvazine (Sigma Pharmaceuticals, Melbourne, Australia) (1% silver sulphadiazine and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate) is used exclusively in Australasia, and there is no published study on its cytotoxicity. This study compared the relative cytotoxicity of Silvazine with 1% silver sulphadiazine (Flamazine (Smith & Nephew Healthcare. Hull. UK)) and a silver-based dressing (Acticoat (Smith & Nephew Healthcare, Hull, UK)). Methods: Dressings were applied to the centre of culture plates that were then seeded with keratinocytes at an estimated 25% confluence. The plates were incubated for 72 h and culture medium and dressings then removed. Toluidine blue was added to stain the remaining keratinocytes. Following removal of the dye, the plates were photographed under standard conditions and these digital images were analysed using image analysis software. Data was analysed using Student's t-test. Results: In the present study, Silvazine is the most cytotoxic agent. Seventy-two hour exposure to Silvazine in the present study results in almost no keratinocyte survival at all and a highly statistically significant reduction in cell survival relative to control, Acticoat and Flamazine (P

Randomized, controlled trial of topical exit-site application of honey (Medihoney) versus Mupirocin for the prevention of catheter-associated infections in hemodialysis patients

The clinical usefulness of hemodialysis catheters is limited by increased infectious morbidity and mortality. Topical antiseptic agents, such as mupirocin, are effective at reducing this risk but have been reported to select for antibiotic-resistant strains. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy and the safety of exit-site application of a standardized antibacterial honey versus mupirocin in preventing catheter-associated infections. A randomized, controlled trial was performed comparing the effect of thrice-weekly exit-site application of Medihoney versus mupirocin on infection rates in patients who were receiving hemodialysis via tunneled, cuffed central venous catheters. A total of 101 patients were enrolled. The incidences of catheter-associated bacteremias in honey-treated (n = 51) and mupirocin-treated (n = 50) patients were comparable (0.97 versus 0.85 episodes per 1000 catheter-days, respectively; NS). On Cox proportional hazards model analysis, the use of honey was not significantly associated with bacteremia-free survival (unadjusted hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.27 to 3.24; P = 0.92). No exit-site infections occurred. During the study period, 2% of staphylococcal isolates within the hospital were mupirocin resistant. Thrice-weekly application of standardized antibacterial honey to hemodialysis catheter exit sites was safe, cheap, and effective and resulted in a comparable rate of catheter-associated infection to that obtained with mupirocin (although the study was not adequately powered to assess therapeutic equivalence). The effectiveness of honey against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and its low likelihood of selecting for further resistant strains suggest that this agent may represent a satisfactory alternative means of chemoprophylaxis in patients with central venous catheters.

Sunscreen penetration of human skin and related keratinocyte toxicity after topical application

Sunscreen skin penetration and safety assessment should be considered together in order to ensure that in vitro cytotoxicity studies examine relevant doses of these organic chemical UV filters to which viable epidermal cells are realistically exposed. In this study, we sought to determine whether sufficient topically applied sunscreens penetrated into human viable epidermis to put the local keratinocyte cell populations at risk of toxicity. The penetration and retention of five commonly used sunscreen agents ( avobenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene, oxybenzone and padimate O) in human skin was evaluated after application in mineral oil to isolated human epidermal membranes. Sunscreen concentration - human keratinocyte culture response curves were then defined using changes in cell morphology and proliferation ( DNA synthesis using radiolabelled thymidine uptake studies) as evidence of sunscreens causing toxicity. Following 24 h of human epidermal exposure to sunscreens, detectable amounts of all sunscreens were present in the stratum corneum and viable epidermis, with epidermal penetration most evident with oxybenzone. The concentrations of each sunscreen found in human viable epidermis after topical application, adjusting for skin partitioning and binding effects, were at least 5-fold lower, based on levels detected in viable epidermal cells, than those appearing to cause toxicity in cultured human keratinocytes. It is concluded that the human viable epidermal levels of sunscreens are too low to cause any significant toxicity to the underlying human keratinocytes. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.