A feedback-controlled ensemble model of the stress-responsive hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis

The present work develops and implements a biomathematical statement of how reciprocal connectivity drives stress-adaptive homeostasis in the corticotropic (hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal) axis. In initial analyses with this interactive construct, we test six specific a priori hypotheses of mechanisms linking circadian (24-h) rhythmicity to pulsatile secretory output. This formulation offers a dynamic framework for later statistical estimation of unobserved in vivo neurohormone secretion and within-axis, dose-responsive interfaces in health and disease. Explication of the core dynamics of the stress-responsive corticotropic axis based on secure physiological precepts should help to unveil new biomedical hypotheses of stressor-specific system failure.

Ensemble codes involving hippocampal neurons are at risk during delayed performance tests

Multielectrode recording techniques were used to record ensemble activity from 10 to 16 simultaneously active CA1 and CA3 neurons in the rat hippocampus during performance of a spatial delayed-nonmatch-to-sample task. Extracted sources of variance were used to assess the nature of two different types of errors that accounted for 30% of total trials. The two types of errors included ensemble “miscodes” of sample phase information and errors associated with delay-dependent corruption or disappearance of sample information at the time of the nonmatch response. Statistical assessment of trial sequences and associated “strength” of hippocampal ensemble codes revealed that miscoded error trials always followed delay-dependent error trials in which encoding was “weak,” indicating that the two types of errors were “linked.” It was determined that the occurrence of weakly encoded, delay-dependent error trials initiated an ensemble encoding “strategy” that increased the chances of being correct on the next trial and avoided the occurrence of further delay-dependent errors. Unexpectedly, the strategy involved “strongly” encoding response position information from the prior (delay-dependent) error trial and carrying it forward to the sample phase of the next trial. This produced a miscode type error on trials in which the “carried over” information obliterated encoding of the sample phase response on the next trial. Application of this strategy, irrespective of outcome, was sufficient to reorient the animal to the proper between trial sequence of response contingencies (nonmatch-to-sample) and boost performance to 73% correct on subsequent trials. The capacity for ensemble analyses of strength of information encoding combined with statistical assessment of trial sequences therefore provided unique insight into the “dynamic” nature of the role hippocampus plays in delay type memory tasks.

Mortal: A Mutant of White Clover Defective in Nodal Root Development

A monogenic dominant mutant of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), designated Mortal, which is defective in the formation of adventitious nodal roots, is described. Mortal plants grown at temperatures ranging from 10 to 25°C do not initiate nodal root primordium development. However, all other aspects of plant development are normal, including the formation of lateral roots and wound-induced adventitious roots. In some genetic backgrounds, the Mortal mutation has a temperature-sensitive conditional phenotype. Mortal plants shifted from growing conditions of 20 to 30°C for 2 to 3 d form nodal root meristems. However, new nodes that develop after plants are returned to 20°C exhibit the mutant phenotype. The capacity to form nodal roots on cuttings placed in water is also influenced by the genetic background of the Mortal mutation. Genetic analysis established that the physiological reversion of Mortal to nodal root formation is controlled by at least two separate dominant genetic loci, one for Nodal water response (Now) and one for Nodal temperature response (Not); the Now locus has a dominant epistatic interaction with the Not locus. The conditional nature of Mortal should provide opportunities for the identification of genetic and physiological mechanisms that influence the development of nodal roots.

Ensemble prediction distribution maps of macroalgae for current conditions and four climate change scenarios and high resultion bathymetry for Potter Cove, WAP, Antarctica

Species distribution models (SDM) predict species occurrence based on statistical relationships with environmental conditions. The R-package biomod2 which includes 10 different SDM techniques and 10 different evaluation methods was used in this study. Macroalgae are the main biomass producers in Potter Cove, King George Island (Isla 25 de Mayo), Antarctica, and they are sensitive to climate change factors such as suspended particulate matter (SPM). Macroalgae presence and absence data were used to test SDMs suitability and, simultaneously, to assess the environmental response of macroalgae as well as to model four scenarios of distribution shifts by varying SPM conditions due to climate change. According to the averaged evaluation scores of Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) and True scale statistics (TSS) by models, those methods based on a multitude of decision trees such as Random Forest and Classification Tree Analysis, reached the highest predictive power followed by generalized boosted models (GBM) and maximum-entropy approaches (Maxent). The final ensemble model used 135 of 200 calculated models (TSS > 0.7) and identified hard substrate and SPM as the most influencing parameters followed by distance to glacier, total organic carbon (TOC), bathymetry and slope. The climate change scenarios show an invasive reaction of the macroalgae in case of less SPM and a retreat of the macroalgae in case of higher assumed SPM values.

Dictionaire de musique, contenant une explication des termes grecs, latins, italiens, & françois les plus usitez dans la musique ... Ensemble, une table alphabetique des termes françois qui sont dans le corps de l'ouvrage .

Mode of access: Internet.

Maniere de bien bastir pour toutes sortes de personnes. Contenant les moyens d'elever des bastimens de toutes grandeurs, d'y faire tous les ornemens, commoditez & détachemens qui s'y peuvent souhaiter. Ensemble des desseins pour bastir regulierement sur toute sorte de place.

Pt. 1 comprises added engraved title leaf, letterpress pages [1]-11, [12] (the last blank), 75 single-page engraved plates. The engraver was probably Melchior Tavernier, printer of the 1st ed.; see Mauban. Pt. 2 comprises etched title leaf, 9 single-page plates (numbered 1-8, 25), 22 double-page plates (numbered 9-24, 26-31). The etched title leaf is signed Le Pautre (i.e. Jean Le Pautre), and the 31 plates are by Jean Marot, whose signature appear on the 25th; see Mauban.

The role of the MCDU in the parallel element processing ensemble (PEPE) /

Thesis (M. S.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Dictionnaire universel de la France : contenant la description géographique & historique des provinces, villes, bourgs & lieux remarquables du royaume : l'état de sa population actuelle, de son clergé, de ses troupes, de sa marine, de ses finances, de ses tribunaux, & des autres parties du gouvernement : ensemble l'abrégé de l'histoire de France, divisée sous les trois races de nos rois : des détails circonstanciés sur les productions du sol, l'industrie & le commerce des habitans : sur les dignités & les grandes charges de l'état : sur les offices de judicature & emplois militaires, ainsi que sur ceux de toutes les autres branches de l'administration : avec un grand nombre de tables ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

L' art de vivre longuement, sous le nom de Medee, laquelle enseigne les facultez des choses qui sont continuellement en notre usage, & d'où naissent les maladies : ensemble la methode de se comporter en icelles [et] le moyen de pouruoir à leurs offences .../

Mode of access: Internet.

Traicte' des playes faites par les mousquetades : ensemble la vraye methode de les guerir : auec la refutation des erreurs ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Vers solitaires et autres de diverses espèces, dont il est traité dans le livre De la Génération des vers : représentés en plusieurs planches,... ensemble plusieurs remarques importantes sur ce sujey.

Mode of access: Internet.

Lhistoire et poursuite de Primaleon de Grece, fils del'Empereur de Constantinople, nommé Palmerin d'Olive ... : oú est recité, les proësses & cheualeureux faits dármes & dámours, mises à fin par luy & le cheualier Giber ... ensemble les enchantemens qui en luy furen executées à l'occasion de l'Infante Gridoine ... ; auec les predictions des oracles qu'il receut, d'auantage les estranges aduantures, combats ... dressez par Don Edouard D'Angleterre ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

La peste recogneue et combatue : ensemble la reformation des theriaques et antidotes opiatiques ... /

Mode of access: Internet.