Domain wall contribution to dielectric and piezoelectric responses in 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-0.35PbTiO(3) ferroelectric ceramics

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Electric measurements with constant current: A practical method for characterizing dielectric films

This article assesses the use of the constant current (CC) method for characterizing dielectric films. The method is based on charging the sample with a constant current (current stress) and measuring the corresponding voltage rise under the closed circuit condition. Our article shows that the CC method is an alternative to the constant voltage stressing method to study the electric properties of nonpolar, ferroelectric, and polar polymers. The method was tested by determining the dielectric constant of polytetrafluoroethylene, and investigating the electric conduction in poly(ethylene terephthalate). For the ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride), it is shown that hysteresis loops and the dependence of the ferroelectric polarization on the electric field can be obtained. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Electrical and Magnetic Characterization of BSCCO and YBCO HTS Tapes for Fault Current Limiter Application

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Static electric fields interfere in the viability of cells exposed to ionising radiation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Field-free and field-stimulated electron emission from solids

Electron irradiation of solids produces a backemission of secondary electrons (energies between 0 and 50 eV) and reflected primaries (energies between 50 eV and that of the incident beam). For insulators, it is shown that an externally applied positive electric field penetrating into the solid material, energizes electrons generated by the primary irradiation and enables them to travel back to the surface of incidence and be emitted (stimulated secondary emission).

The use of pulsed electric acoustic technique for measuring the polarization reversal in ferroelectric ceramic samples

The pulsed electric acoustic technique, PEA, has been usually applied to probe space charge profiles in polymers. Preliminary PEA results using a ferroelectric ceramic are presented. If the reverse applied electric field i of the order of the coercive field the switching polarization process occurs in a period larger than hundreds of seconds. Such a slow process allows one to use the PEA setup to follow the polarization switching dynamics and determine the electric field profile. The PEA signal obtained in the lead zirconate-titanate doped with niobium ceramic, PZTN, indicates that the polarization distribution and field are not uniform during the switching period. We were also able to observe that the acoustic wave velocity and attenuation depends on the stage of the polarization switching, which agrees with results obtained using the ultrasonic method.

Light-induced electric dipole relaxation in synthetic and natural alexandrite

We present results of thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) measurements in synthetic and natural alexandrite, which show TSDC bands related to the presence of electric dipoles in both types of samples. Synthetic material shows a wide TSDC band with a peak at 179 K, which can be fitted by two distinct relaxing dipole distributions. For natural alexandrite the TSDC band has a maximum around 195 K and can be fitted by three different distributions. Both samples present one of the calculated curves with a peak about 179 K, with activation energy of 0.57 eV and constant relaxation time of 1 × 10-14 sec. Photo-induced TSDC shows that TSDC bands can also be generated by simultaneous application of light and an electric field at 77 K.

Steel bars identification in reinforced concrete structures by using ANN and magnetic fields

This work proposes a methodology for non destructive testing (NDT) of reinforced concrete structures, using superficial magnetic fields and artificial neural networks, in order to identify the size and position of steel bars, embedded into the concrete. For the purposes of this paper, magnetic induction curves were obtained by using a finite element program. Perceptron Multilayered (PML) ANNs, with Levemberg-Marquardt training algorithm were used. The results presented very good agreement with the expect ones, encouraging the development of real systems based upon the proposed methodology.

Placement and sizing evaluation of distributed generation in electric power systems

This paper presents a methodology for the placement and sizing evaluation of distributed generation (DG) in electric power systems. The candidate locations for DG placement are identified on the bases of Locational Marginal Prices (LMP's) obtained from an optimal power flow solution. The problem is formulated for two different objectives: social welfare maximization and profit maximization. For each DG unit an optimal placement is identified for each of the objectives.

Modeling approach based on experimental results for prediction of measurement errors in energy meters

This paper presents a general modeling approach to investigate and to predict measurement errors in active energy meters both induction and electronic types. The measurement error modeling is based on Generalized Additive Model (GAM), Ridge Regression method and experimental results of meter provided by a measurement system. The measurement system provides a database of 26 pairs of test waveforms captured in a real electrical distribution system, with different load characteristics (industrial, commercial, agricultural, and residential), covering different harmonic distortions, and balanced and unbalanced voltage conditions. In order to illustrate the proposed approach, the measurement error models are discussed and several results, which are derived from experimental tests, are presented in the form of three-dimensional graphs, and generalized as error equations. © 2009 IEEE.

Comparative analysis for reactive energy measurement methodologies, under non-sinusoidal conditions in three-phase four-wire circuits

This paper presents some methodologies for reactive energy measurement, considering three modern power theories that are suitable for three-phase four-wire non-sinusoidal and unbalanced circuits. The theories were applied in some profiles collected in electrical distribution systems which have real characteristics for voltages and currents measured by commercial reactive energy meters. The experimental results are presented in order to analyze the accuracy of the methodologies, considering the standard IEEE 1459-2010 as a reference. Finally, for additional comparisons, the theories will be confronted with the modern Yokogawa WT3000 energy meter and three samples of a commercial energy meter through an experimental setup. © 2011 IEEE.

Sensor eletro-óptico de tensões elevadas e sua viabilidade para implementação de TP óptico

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Preparação e caracterização elétrica do compósito de poliuretano/negro de fumo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Preparo, caracterização e aplicação do compósito PTCa (Titanato de chumbo modificado com cálcio)/PEEK (Poliéter éter cetona) como sensor de radiação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uma metodologia para predição do campo elétrico de radiodifusão sonora em ondas médias utilizando inferências bayesianas

A adoção de sistemas digitais de radiodifusão sonora, que estão em fase de testes no país, permite realizar novos estudos visando um melhor planejamento para a implementação dessas novas emissoras. O que significa reavaliar os principais modelos de radiopropagação existentes ou propor novas alternativas para atender as demandas inerentes dos sistemas digitais. Os modelos atuais, conforme Recomendações ITU-R P. 1546 e ITU-R P. 1812, não condizem fielmente com a realidade de algumas regiões do Brasil, principalmente com as regiões de clima tropical, como a Região Amazônica, seja pelo elevado índice pluviométrico seja pela vasta flora existente. A partir dos modelos adequados ao canal de propagação, torna-se viável desenvolver ferramentas de planejamento de cobertura mais precisas e eficientes. A utilização destas ferramentas é cabível tanto para a ANATEL, para a elaboração dos planos básicos de distribuição de canais quanto para os radiodifusores. No presente trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia utilizando a inteligência computacional, baseada em Inferênciass Baysianas, para predição da intensidade de campo elétrico, a qual pode ser aplicada ao planejamento ou expansão de áreas de cobertura em sistemas de radiodifusão para frequências na faixa de ondas médias (de 300 kHz a 3MHz). Esta metodologia gera valores de campo elétrico estimados a partir dos valores de altitude do terreno (através de análises de tabelas de probabilidade condicional) e estabelece a comparação destes com valores de campo elétrico medidos. Os dados utilizados neste trabalho foram coletados na região central do Brasil, próximo à cidade de Brasília. O sinal transmitido era um sinal de rádio AM transmitido na frequência de 980 kHz. De posse dos dados coletados durante as campanhas de medição, foram realizadas simulações utilizando tabelas de probabilidade condicional geradas por Inferências Bayesianas. Assim, é proposto um método para predizer valores de campo elétrico com base na correlação entre o campo elétrico medido e altitude, através da utilização de inteligência computacional. Se comparados a inúmeros trabalhos existentes na literatura que têm o mesmo objetivo, os resultados encontrados neste trabalho validam o uso da metodologia para determinar o campo elétrico de radiodifusão sonora em ondas médias utilizando Inferências Bayesianas.