796 resultados para Educational system reform
Resumo:
A global review of social work education reveals considerable similarity among countries as well as significant differences. Historically, programs of social work education are informed by humanistic values and encompass knowledge of social problems, an understanding of individuals and their environment in interaction, and method of intervention into social and human difficulties. At the same time, structure of social work within the educational system and the length of training vary considerably from country to country. There is no serious international standards' setting for social work education, programs, educators and students around the world. Education programs exist at differing levels of education and for differing periods of time. There are no worldwide data on the number and qualifications of teachers of social work, the number and characteristics of social work students, variations in curricula and type of practicum (Hokeenstad and Kendall, 2001; Hokenstad, Midgley, 1998). North American and European models have had a major influence on social work educational programs in most parts of the world, especially developing countries. Still, the amount of western influence on social work education in developing countries is an issue that continues to be discussed (Hockenstad, Khinduka and Midgley, 1992; Frumkin, Lloyd, 2001). The programs in practice in Europe and North America have influenced the implementation of social work education programs. In recent years this influence has had a big part in the acceptance of the generalist approach. It is very important that social work education programs must be planned in accordance with the social structure and the development process of the society. Because of this, information on the social indicators and social welfare services will be given first then social work education will be stressed upon.
Resumo:
For several reasons citizenship and democracy has moved into political and research focus. Socio-cultural tensions and inequalities created by globalisation processes boosted by neo-liberal modes of government seem to inspire a concern with “social cohesion”, and the European Community assigns a key role to education in engendering European democratic citizenship. It can be questioned whether it is within the scope of educational programmes to ensure social integration and democracy. However, to clarify the perspectives of the educational issue, the article discusses the conflicts and relationships between cultural identity and democracy within a framework of modernity before returning to the issue of education for democratic citizenship. It is shown on the basis of empirical studies that family background interacts with school factors in the reproduction of democratic inequalities. It is also indicated, however, that this must not be considered an unchangeable pedagogical fact, and the article briefly sketches a set of pedagogical and research challenges concerned with educating for democratic empowerment at different levels of school practice. Although this paper focuses on education and the educational system, the arguments and findings presented can also claim relevance for social pedagogy and social work, esp. in respect of recent developments that stress the educational dimensions of social work.
Resumo:
This study uses survey data to investigate attitudes among Swiss voters to different models offering more freedom of choice in the educational system. There is a clear opposition to the use of taxpayer money to fund private schools, while free choice between public schools seems to appeal to a majority. The opinions appear to be based on a rational calculation of personal utility. For both types of choice, approval rates are lower for middle to high-income groups and individuals with a teaching qualification. Furthermore, residents of small to medium-sized towns are opposed to more school choice. On the support side, approval rates for private school choice are higher among parents of school-age children and residents in urban areas. The results also indicate differences between the country's language regions, attributable to intercultural differences in what people consider the role of the state.
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Getting evidence-based sexual health education activities into schools can be a complicated process. Working models that assist our educational system in the selection, implementation, and maintenance of effective school-based adolescent health programs are needed. Replicating sexual health programs in school-based settings: A model for schools provides a comprehensive and applied approach that engages all of the important stakeholders within a school district. The results from this study hold much potential to inform Texas and the nation about how a coordinated and practical model can assist school districts to increase the use of evidence-based programs addressing teen pregnancy prevention and sexual health issues.
Resumo:
Background: The demand for international harmonization in medical education increases with the growing mobility of students and health professionals. Many medical societies and governmental offices have issued outcome frameworks (OF), which describe aims and contents of medical education based on competencies. These national standards affect the development of curricula as well as assessment and licensing procedures. Comparing OF and identifying factors that limit their comparability may thus foster international harmonization of medical education. Summary of Work: We conducted a systematic search for national OF in MedLine, EmBase and the internet. We included all OF in German or English that resulted from a national consensus process and were published or endorsed by a national society or governmental body. We extracted information in five predetermined categories: history of origin, audience, formal structure, medical schooling system and key terms. Summary of Results: Out of 1816 results, 13 OF were included into further analyses. OF reference each other, often without addressing existing differences (e.g. in target audiences). The two most cited OF are “CanMEDs” and “Scottish Doctor”. OF differ especially in their level of detail as well as in the underlying educational system. Discussion and Conclusions: Based on our results we propose a two-step blueprint for OF, that may help to establish comparability for internationally aligned key features – so-called “core competencies” – while at the same time allowing for necessary regional adaptations in terms of “secondary competencies”. Take-home messages: Considerable differences in at least five categories of OF currently hinder the comparability of outcome frameworks.
Resumo:
El trabajo indaga las representaciones y valoraciones de la escuela por parte de familias de sectores populares, en un escenario de transformaciones sociales profundas, que impactaron en la vida cotidiana de los sujetos. Para esto, se realizaron entrevistas a miembros adultos de familias que habitan un barrio de la ciudad de La Plata. Los relatos de los padres entrevistados expresan las fragilidades de las experiencias escolares de sus hijos -vinculadas principalmente a las situaciones de agresión o discriminación-; pero al mismo tiempo muestran una fuerte valoración de la educación. Esta valoración se ancla en razones más históricas, como la integración social o la vinculación entre la educación y el trabajo; y en motivos más coyunturales, como la búsqueda de provisión y contención frente a la incertidumbre del presente. A diferencias de un lugar común que muestra a los padres en una posición pasiva o indiferente frente a un campo escolar fragmentado, este estudio muestra que los padres en sectores populares desarrollan distintas respuestas para evitar la segregación, buscando una educación de calidad para sus hijos
Resumo:
To evaluate these factors, the scale of perceived influences on the election of a specialized plan of studies, IPEP, was built and in this study its factorial structure and reliability were evaluated. The instrument was applied to 115 students, chosen by quote sampling. They were students of a subsidized private secondary school from the city of Chillan, Chile. An exploratory factorial analysis identified eight factors in the scale IPEP: Academic projection, Personal development, Maintenance of the social environment, Academic requirements, Satisfaction of others' expectations, Vocational information, Image of the plan and Family pressure. The results present an initial factorial structure, that empirically and theoretically adequate, whose factors were reliable and conceptually useful. These factors distinguish psychogenic and sociogenic aspects of the vocational process, and allow to initiate diagnostic and investigative actions in relation to this early vocational election that is established in secondary schools of the Chilean educational system
Resumo:
El abordaje del presente relato despliega la situación de vida de un sujeto adolescente que desde temprana edad se relaciona con un docente de Educación Física. Interactuando por los distintos niveles educativos, y casi por azar, la vida de los dos se entrelazará y se relacionará en diferentes contextos de pobreza, indigencia y sometimiento. La narración pretende así recrear con crudeza las sensaciones que acompañan a la orfandad y la vulnerabilidad producto de la marginalidad, así como las consecuencias de teorizaciones pedagógicas vacías y de una escuela sin sentido, donde el devenir del maestro concurrirá para persuadir a su alumno de realizar una mejor vida. El objetivo final de este relato es intentar, humildemente, reflejar algo de la subsistencia de incontables niños y adolescentes de nuestro sistema educativo.
Resumo:
When it comes to reflecting on the Brazilian educational system , secondary education is what causes the most controversial debates . For a long time , enrollment rates in secondary school were embarrassing , what has changed in recent decades . It became mandatory and expanded significantly the enrollment , but keep the high level of failure and dropout . Historically, the definition of options for secondary education and particularly vocational education , has been in Brazil for conflict of interests and positions , which is expressed in the diversity of curricular proposals presented throughout the twentieth century and the beginning of this XXI century. Currently, the line adopted by the federal government is to encourage states and municipalities to implement the method of integrated secondary school , thus seeking to establish links between the academic and professional learning . The topic of this article is precisely this choice of integrated education . It is within the framework of the Brazilian educational scenario and its late development compared to other countries in the region under review debate and educational policies aimed to integrate the high school and the working world
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El presente artículo tiene la intención de presentar una reseña sintética del derrotero de la Carrera de Ciencias de la Educación de la UNLP desde 1914 y hasta la finalización de la última dictadura militar. A partir de allí, buscaremos mostrar diversos modos en que ese ámbito institucional se posicionó, analizó e intervino en relación a la situación, problemas y demandas de los distintos niveles del sistema educativo
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Este trabajo se propone abordar los sentidos que organizaron las políticas educativas en la provincia de buenos Aires durante la última dictadura militar. A partir del análisis de fuentes primarias, exploraremos el modo en que se combinaron inestablemente una fuerte intervención destinada a 're-moralizar' una sociedad considerada 'caótica' y una serie de medidas tendientes a 'modernizar' un sistema educativo supuestamente 'en crisis'. Argumentaremos que estas últimas se estructuraron en torno a la idea de adaptar la escolarización a las demandas del entorno y que, desde allí, la dictadura intervino en un amplio debate sobre la 'modernización educativa' en nuestro país que la había preexistido, dando cuenta del agotamiento de ciertos significados para la educación escolar e instalando una forma de procesar la 'modernización' que tendría importantes consecuencias más allá del fin del régimen.
Resumo:
El artículo analiza la fundación de un Colegio Nacional en el distrito de Morón en el año 1949 bajo los designios del llamado primer peronismo (1946-1955). Da cuenta de un conjunto de aspectos que van desde la cuestión política encarnada en la centralización del sistema de enseñanza y la cuestión social, es decir, la demanda por una democratización del nivel secundario junto con los límites y falencias del sistema en un contexto caracterizado por el ascenso de las clases medias urbanas y la politización de la educación
Resumo:
La Ley de Educación Nacional promulgada en 2006 en Argentina establece la obligatoriedad de la educación secundaria en todo el país, la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires ha sido pionera al respecto estableciendo esta meta en el año 2002. En este marco, se propone analizar los desafíos que este tipo de política enfrenta en la actualidad, centrando la atención en la capacidad de los sistemas e instituciones educativas para garantizar este derecho en términos de acceso, permanencia y promoción de los alumnos en el nivel secundario. Este trabajo tiene por objeto plantear un ejercicio de análisis del abandono escolar que ocurre durante el ciclo lectivo en las escuelas a partir de la consideración del análisis del porcentaje de alumnos "salidos sin pase", e incorporar, a la vez, una medida de dispersión (coeficiente de Gini) que permita visibilizar las desigualdades entre escuelas a nivel territorial en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Resumo:
En la actualidad es posible contemplar una modificación en la mentalidad de gobierno sobre el sistema educativo y cómo éste debe aportar al mercado laboral sujetos 'competentes', formados según sus requerimientos que contribuyan al desarrollo económico de las naciones. El artículo pretende analizar el proceso de gobierno de la relación entre educación y trabajo desde el punto de vista de los tipos de conocimientos y prácticas pedagógicas que se constituyen en legítimas. En ese sentido se hace necesario el estudio y conceptualización de las nuevas formas de recontextualización del conocimiento oficial a ser transmitido en los sistemas educativos en relación con el 'mundo del trabajo'. También se trabaja sobre cómo es el proceso de pedagogización en formatos organizacionales y curriculares, los criterios utilizados para su distribución en los diversos fragmentos de los sistemas educativos, así como en el tipo de identidades pedagógicas que construye, en el contexto de identidades laborales y socio-políticas de los sujetos individuales y colectivos.
Resumo:
El proceso de construcción de la Nación argentina tuvo entre sus basamentos dos proyectos fuertemente vinculados, uno historiográfico y otro educativo. Ambos conformaron una nueva memoria histórica que tuvo en los textos escolares un importante difusor. Estos libros actuaron como inventarios de lo que era necesario saber de la Argentina. Historia y memoria otorgaron a la Revolución de Mayo un valor nodal y los textos de historia de la enseñanza oficial contribuyeron a la construcción y transmisión de la Revolución de Mayo como mito fundacional integrado y funcional al modelo de ciudadanía implementado a partir de 1880.