Optimal design of piezolaminated structures using B-spline strip finite element models

A package of B-spline finite strip models is developed for the linear analysis of piezolaminated plates and shells. This package is associated to a global optimization technique in order to enhance the performance of these types of structures, subjected to various types of objective functions and/or constraints, with discrete and continuous design variables. The models considered are based on a higher-order displacement field and one can apply them to the static, free vibration and buckling analyses of laminated adaptive structures with arbitrary lay-ups, loading and boundary conditions. Genetic algorithms, with either binary or floating point encoding of design variables, were considered to find optimal locations of piezoelectric actuators as well as to determine the best voltages applied to them in order to obtain a desired structure shape. These models provide an overall economy of computing effort for static and vibration problems.

Interação flebotomíneos, animais domésticos e dominância de Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) em área com alto grau de antropia, no Sul do Brasil

Relatam-se os resultados de coletas de flebotomíneos em área com elevado grau de antropia, no Município de São Jorge do Ivaí, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. A espécie predominante foi Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912). Verificou-se que o número de flebotomíneos diminuiu sensivelmente em duas residências com o deslocamento de uma pocilga, à distância de 100 metros das residências, e a desobstrução do porão de uma das residências.

Implicações da agregação espacial de parasitas para a dinâmica populacional na interação hospedeiro-parasita

São discutidos aspectos relacionados ao padrão comumente observado de distribuição agregada de parasitas na população-hospedeira. Geralmente observa-se que a maioria dos hospedeiros alberga poucos parasitas, enquanto que poucos hospedeiros albergam a maior proporção dos parasitas. Assim sendo, são analisados fatores que podem influenciar o padrão de distribuição dos parasitas, a relação entre o nível de agregação dos parasitas e a prevalência de infecção, além da variação nesse nível de agregação em função da idade do hospedeiro. Também são considerados fatores que determinam a diversidade de espécies em comunidades de parasitas, os diferentes tipos de competição entre os parasitas e sua relação com o controle biológico. Finalmente são discutidos processos biológicos considerados como de estabilização e de instabilidade sobre o comportamento dinâmico de interações hospedeiro-parasita.

Design of a sea-level tsunami detection network for the Gulf of Cadiz

The devastating impact of the Sumatra tsunami of 26 December 2004, raised the question for scientists of how to forecast a tsunami threat. In 2005, the IOC-UNESCO XXIII assembly decided to implement a global tsunami warning system to cover the regions that were not yet protected, namely the Indian Ocean, the Caribbean and the North East Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas (the NEAM region). Within NEAM, the Gulf of Cadiz is the more sensitive area, with an important record of devastating historical events. The objective of this paper is to present a preliminary design for a reliable tsunami detection network for the Gulf of Cadiz, based on a network of sea-level observatories. The tsunamigenic potential of this region has been revised in order to define the active tectonic structures. Tsunami hydrodynamic modeling and GIS technology have been used to identify the appropriate locations for the minimum number of sea-level stations. Results show that 3 tsunameters are required as the minimum number of stations necessary to assure an acceptable protection to the large coastal population in the Gulf of Cadiz. In addition, 29 tide gauge stations could be necessary to fully assess the effects of a tsunami along the affected coasts of Portugal, Spain and Morocco.

MDAI: Model based Design in Automobile Industry

It is proposed a new approach based on a methodology, assisted by a tool, to create new products in the automobile industry based on previous defined processes and experiences inspired on a set of best practices or principles: it is based on high-level models or specifications; it is component-based architecture centric; it is based on generative programming techniques. This approach follows in essence the MDA (Model Driven Architecture) philosophy with some specific characteristics. We propose a repository that keeps related information, such as models, applications, design information, generated artifacts and even information concerning the development process itself (e.g., generation steps, tests and integration milestones). Generically, this methodology receives the users' requirements to a new product (e.g., functional, non-functional, product specification) as its main inputs and produces a set of artifacts (e.g., design parts, process validation output) as its main output, that will be integrated in the engineer design tool (e.g. CAD system) facilitating the work.

New Steel Alloys for the Design of Heat Recovery Steam Generator Components of Combined Cycle Gas Plants

Demand for power is growing every day, mainly due to emerging economies in countries such as China, Russia, India, and Brazil. During the last 50 years steam pressure and temperature in power plants have been continuously raised to improve thermal efficiency. Recent efforts to improve efficiency leads to the development of a new generation of heat recovery steam generator, where the Benson once-through technology is applied to improve the thermal efficiency. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the mechanical behavior of a high pressure superheater manifold by applying finite element modeling and a finite element analysis with the objective of analyzing stress propagation, leading to the study of damage mechanism, e.g., uniaxial fatigue, uniaxial creep for life prediction. The objective of this paper is also to analyze the mechanical properties of the new high temperature resistant materials in the market such as 2Cr Bainitic steels (T/P23 and T/P24) and also the 9-12Cr Martensitic steels (T/P91, T/P92, E911, and P/T122). For this study the design rules for construction of power boilers to define the geometry of the HPSH manifold were applied.

Child-care attendance and common morbidity: evidence of association in the literature and questions of design

Papers on child-care attendance as a risk factor for acute respiratory infections and diarrhea were reviewed. There was great variety among the studies with regard to the design, definition of exposure and definition of outcomes. All the traditional epidemiological study designs have been used. The studies varied in terms of how child-care attendance in general was defined, and for different settings. These definitions differed especially in relation to the minimum time of attendance required. The outcomes were also defined and measured in several different ways. The analyses performed were not always appropriate, leading to sets of results of uneven quality, and composed of different measures of association relating different exposures and outcomes, that made summarizing difficult. Despite that, the results reported were remarkably consistent. Only two of the papers reviewed failed to show some association between child-care attendance and increased acute respiratory infections, or diarrhea. On the other hand, the magnitude of the associations reported varied widely, especially for lower respiratory infections. Taken together, the studies so far published provide evidence that children attending child-care centers, especially those under three years of age, are at a higher risk of upper respiratory infections, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhea. The studies were not consistent, however, in relation to attendance at child-care homes. Children in such settings were sometimes similar to those in child-care centers, sometimes similar to those cared for at home, and sometimes presented an intermediate risk.

Viability of Two New Mixture Design Methodologies for Self-Consolidating Concrete

This paper presents the results from an experimental study of the technical viability of two mixture designs for self-consolidating concrete (SCC) proposed by two Portuguese researchers in a previous work. The objective was to find the best method to provide the required characteristics of SCC in fresh and hardened states without having to experiment with a large number of mixtures. Five SCC mixtures, each with a volume of 25 L (6.61 gal.) were prepared using a forced mixer with a vertical axis for each of three compressive strength targets: 40, 55, and 70 MPa (5.80, 7.98, and 10.15 ksi). The mixtures' fresh state properties of fluidity, segregation resistance ability, and bleeding and blockage tendency, and their hardened state property of compressive strength were compared. For this study, the following tests were performed. slump-flow, V-funnel, L-box, box, and compressive strength. The results of this study made it possible to identify the most influential factors in the design of the SCC mixtures.

Momentos de interação em que as emoções se aprendem : estudo exploratório sobre a prestação materna e infantil em jogo livre

Numa amostra com 99 díades mãe-filho (sem condições evidentes de risco), tendo os bebês entre 3 e 6 meses, analisamos breves sequências de jogo livre. Pretendíamos estudar a interacção mãe-filho num registo próximo do dia a dia. Para o efeito, avaliamos: a expressão facial, expressão vocal, posicionamento e manipulação, expressão afetiva, reciprocidade, directividade e jogo proporcionados pelas mães. Nos bebês observamos as respostas faciais, vocais, afectivas, a capacidade de responder reciprocamente e comportamento em jogo. Os resultados indicam que os comportamentos maternos muito sensíveis e adequados e os seus opostos – muito desajustados – são minoritários. De fato, a maioria das mães combina sensibilidade com alguma intrusão. A generalidade das crianças apresenta receptividade às solicitações maternas, mas não são raros os comportamentos difíceis e de resistência. A sensibilidade materna e a cooperação infantil apresentaram uma forte associação. Por fim, verificamos que os comportamentos maternos e infantis foram afectados pelo sexo da criança, pela educação e pelas idades maternas e o nível socioeconômico das famílias

Um jogo a dois : Interação mãe-bebé e auto-regulação infantil

O objetivo do presente estudo exploratório é estudar a relação entre a qualidade da relação mãe-bebé e o comportamento regulatório do bebé aos 3 meses de vida. Adicionalmente, é propósito do presente trabalho averiguar a influência dos fatores demográficos nesta relação mãe-filho(a), na auto-regulação e na interações destes dois fatores. Para o efeito, foi selecionada aleatoriamente uma sub-amostra de 13 casos (de uma amostra de 90 casos), sem fatores assinaláveis de risco. A seleção da amostra tal como a posterior recolha de dados foram realizadas no Hospital de Santa Maria. A relação mãe-bebé foi estudada e filmada em situação de jogo livre e os filmes cotados com a escala CARE-Index. A capacidade de auto-regulação do bebé foi estudada e filmada na situação experimental Face to Face Still-Face e os filmes foram cotados segundo a segundo, utilizando as escalas IRSS e MRSS. Quando avaliámos a qualidade diádica, sendo esta uma amostra sem fatores assinaláveis de risco, encontramos 7 díades em risco moderado, sendo este um resultado inesperado e que independentemente do tamanho da amostra poderá ser um alerta. Nesta pequena amostra foi possível encontrar associações entre os comportamentos infantis e maternos e os indicadores demográficos. Com efeito, a idade materna esteve positivamente correlacionada com o comportamento defensivo do bebé. Do lado dos pais, a idade paterna esteve positivamente correlacionada com a cooperação infantil e com a qualidade diádica (pais mais velhos serão mais pacientes?). A passividade infantil esteve negativamente correlacionada com a escolaridade materna ou com a sensibilidade materna. Por fim, os dados indicam diferenças entre géneros (coincidentemente com investigações anteriores), i.e., os rapazes apresentam mais comportamentos negativos no episódio de Still-Face e as raparigas exibem mais comportamentos de autoconforto sugerindo maior resiliência comparativamente aos rapazes. Relativamente à auto-regulação infanti, o efeito Still-Face foi verificado através do aumento significativo dos comportamentos negativos e de autoconforto por parte dos bebés aquando da inexpressividade da mãe (segundo episódio). O resultado mais interessante deste trabalho, foi a distinção de três tipos de auto-regulação: i) Instável ansioso ou negativo sem recuperação, ii) negativo com recuperação e iii) positivo. Este resultado associado a recentes pesquisas abre a discussão sobre a formação de padrões de comportamento em idades tão precoces.

Design of a new test chamber for evaluation of the toxicity of rubber infill

A test chamber was projected and built (according to ISO 16000-9 Standard) to simulate atmospheric conditions experienced by rubber infill (when applied in synthetic turf pitches) and measure accurately the airborne emissions of pollutants such as dusts and volatile organic compounds (VOC), as well as pollutants present in leachates. It should be pointed out that standard ISO 16000-9 is only concerned with the determination of the emission of VOC from building products and furnishing (not specific of synthetic turf materials), whereas other standards are concerned with the emission of leachates only. This procedure is to be considered as a technical option to the lysimeter "global turf system evaluation" when the rubber infill alone is to be evaluated. The advantage of the proposed option considering this "test chamber" is its simplicity and economy. This test chamber is actually installed and being used for tests in LAIST.

Natural Gas location design and operation

A major determinant of the level of effective natural gas supply is the ease to feed customers, minimizing system total costs. The aim of this work is the study of the right number of Gas Supply Units – GSUs - and their optimal location in a gas network. This paper suggests a GSU location heuristic, based on Lagrangean relaxation techniques. The heuristic is tested on the Iberian natural gas network, a system modelized with 65 demand nodes, linked by physical and virtual pipelines. Lagrangean heuristic results along with the allocation of loads to gas sources are presented, using a 2015 forecast gas demand scenario.

TINSEL – a web-based intelligent tutoring system on electrical installation design

This paper presents a project consisting on the development of an Intelligent Tutoring System, for training and support concerning the development of electrical installation projects to be used by electrical engineers, technicians and students. One of the major goals of this project is to devise a teaching model based on Intelligent Tutoring techniques, considering not only academic knowledge but also other types of more empirical knowledge, able to achieve successfully the training of electrical installation design.

Addressing the facilities layout design problem through constraint logic programming

One of the most difficult problems that face researchers experimenting with complex systems in real world applications is the Facility Layout Design Problem. It relies with the design and location of production lines, machinery and equipment, inventory storage and shipping facilities. In this work it is intended to address this problem through the use of Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) technology. The use of Genetic Algorithms (GA) as optimisation technique in CLP environment is also an issue addressed. The approach aims the implementation of genetic algorithm operators following the CLP paradigm.

Os padrões de vinculação estabelecidos e indicadores de resilência (autonomia e capacidades de interação social) em crianças de idade pré-escolar em função da frequência em rede pública ou privada

A dissertação procura compreender de que maneira a frequência da criança numa escola pública ou numa escola privada, poderá afetar o desenvolvimento dos indicadores de resiliência definidos (autonomia e capacidades de interação social) e a sua vinculação aos pais. O presente estudo realizou-se em três escolas do primeiro ciclo com jardim de infância, duas das quais pertenciam ao ensino público e uma ao ensino privado. A revisão da literatura, exposta nos vários capítulos, apresenta a visão de diversos investigadores sobre a problemática da relação entre o desenvolvimento dos indicadores de resiliência definidos, a maneira como as crianças criam as suas relações de vinculação, focando as diferenças relativamente à frequência em rede pública ou rede privada. Por se tratar de um estudo comparativo, foi escolhida uma metodologia quantitativa. Procedeu-se, em seguida, a uma análise qualitativa dos resultados obtidos em algumas variáveis. O estudo conclui que não se verificam diferenças significativas no que diz respeito aos resultados obtidos pelas crianças relativamente às variáveis em estudo, com exceção do indicador de resiliência “capacidades de interação social”. Este estudo também nos mostra que existem várias variáveis a ter em conta para compreender a resiliência e a relação entre as variáveis, nomeadamente, as qualificações dos prestadores de cuidados. Sugere-se a continuação do trabalho iniciado, avaliando a vinculação e os indicadores de resiliência estudados (autonomia e capacidades de interação social) destas mesmas crianças, no futuro. Sugere-se ainda a realização de outros estudos, dentro da mesma área, que possam aprofundar a influência das diversas variáveis que dizem respeito ao contexto socioeconómico e sociodemográfico onde as crianças estão inseridas e ver de que maneira estes afetam as variáveis estudadas neste trabalho. - Abstract The dissertation sought to understand how child‟s frequency in a public or a private school, can affect the development of resilience indicators defined (autonomy and capabilities social interaction capabilities) and their connection to parents. This study was conducted in three primary schools with kindergarten, two of which belonged to public education and one to private education. The literature review, exposed in several chapters, presents the view of many researchers on the issue of the relationship between the development of resilience indicators defined, the way children create their linking relations, focusing on the differences in the frequency on public or private school. Since this is a comparative study, a quantitative methodology was chosen. Then we‟ve proceeded to a qualitative analysis of the results obtained on some variables. The study concludes that there are no significant differences with regard to the results obtained by children, for the variables under study except for the indicator of resilience “capabilities of social interaction”. This study also shows that there are several variables to take into account to understand the resilience and the relation between variables, namely, the qualifications of care providers. It is suggested to continue the work begun by evaluating the binding and resilience indicators studied (autonomy and social interaction skills) of these same children in the future. It is also suggested in other studies within the same area, which may deepen the influence of several variables that relate to socio-demographic and socio-economic context where children are located and see how they affect the variables studied in this work