Automatització d'una planta de tractament d'aigua potable

Estudi sobre l'automatització d’una planta de tractament d’aigua potable. Es mantindran els equips existents i les seqüències de treball que regeixen actualment el treball de la planta. Es limitaran les accions directes dels operaris, els quals tindran com a funció la supervisió del correcte funcionament de la planta intervenint en cas d’eventuals anomalies. Es vol aconseguir una millora en la gestió i els resultats del funcionament de la planta

Desenvolupament d'una plataforma informàtica per al tractament, manipulació i visualització de dades cardíaques

El processament de dades cardíaques és, sinó el que més, un dels més complexes de tractar. El problema principal és que a diferència d’altres parts de l’organisme, el cor del pacient està en moviment continu. Aquest moviment queda representat en les imatges generades pels aparells de captació en forma de soroll. Aquest soroll no només dificulta la detecció de les patologies per part dels cardiòlegs i els especialistes sinó que també en moltes ocasions limita l’aplicació de certes tècniques i mètodes. Així per exemple, l’aplicació de mètodes de visualització 3D (mètodes que permeten generar una representació 3D d’un òrgan) que poden aplicar-se fàcilment en visualització de dades del cervell no són aplicables sobre dades de cor. El Grup d’Informàtica Gràfica de la Universitat de Girona, juntament amb l’Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge (IDI) de l'hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, està col·laborant en el desenvolupament de noves eines informàtiques que donin suport al diagnòstic. Una de les prioritats actuals de l'IDI és el tractament de malalties cardíaques. Es disposa d’una plataforma anomenada Starviewer que integra les operacions bàsiques de manipulació i visualització de dades mèdiques. L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és el de desenvolupar i integrar en la plataforma Starviewer els mòduls necessaris per poder tractar, manipular i visualitzar dades cardíaques provinents de ressònancies magnètiques

Rat neurosphere cells protect axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells and facilitate their regeneration

We investigated the ability of a population of rat neural stem and precursor cells derived from rat embryonic spinal cord to protect injured neurons in the rat central nervous system (CNS). The neonatal rat optic pathway was used as a model of CNS injury, whereby retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were axotomized by lesion of the lateral geniculate nucleus one day after birth. Neural stem and precursor cells derived from expanded neurospheres (NS) were transplanted into the lesion site at the time of injury. Application of Fast Blue tracer dye to the lesion site demonstrated that significant numbers of RGCs survived at 4 and 8 weeks in animals that received a transplant, with an average of 28% survival, though in some individual cases survival was greater than 50%. No RGCs survived in animals that received a lesion alone. Furthermore, labeled RGCs were also observed when Fast Blue was applied to the superior colliculus (SC) at 4 weeks, suggesting that neurosphere cells also facilitated RGC to regenerate to their normal target. Transplanted cells did not migrate or express neural markers after transplantation, and secreted several neurotrophic factors in vitro. We conclude that NS cells can protect injured CNS neurons and promote their regeneration. These effects are not attributable to cell replacement, and may be mediated via secretion of neurotrophic factors. Thus, neuroprotection by stem cell populations may be a more viable approach for treatment of CNS disorders than cell replacement therapy.

Controlling steering and judging heading: retinal flow, visual direction, and extraretinal information

The contribution of retinal flow (RF), extraretinal (ER), and egocentric visual direction (VD) information in locomotor control was explored. First, the recovery of heading from RF was examined when ER information was manipulated; results confirmed that ER signals affect heading judgments. Then the task was translated to steering curved paths, and the availability and veracity of VD were manipulated with either degraded or systematically biased RE Large steering errors resulted from selective manipulation of RF and VD, providing strong evidence for the combination of RF, ER, and VD. The relative weighting applied to RF and VD was estimated. A point-attractor model is proposed that combines redundant sources of information for robust locomotor control with flexible trajectory planning through active gaze.

Clock Genes, Melanopsins, Melatonin, and Dopamine Key Enzymes and Their Modulation by Light and Glutamate in Chicken Embryonic Retinal Cells

The avian circadian system is composed of the retina, the mammalian homolog region of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SNC), and the pineal gland. The retina, itself, displays many rhythmic physiological events, such as movements of photoreceptor cells, opsin expression, retinal reisomerization, and melatonin and dopamine production and secretion. Altogether, these rhythmic events are coordinated to predict environmental changes in light conditions during the day, optimizing retina function. The authors investigated the expression pattern of the melanopsin genes Opn4x and Opn4m, the clock genes Clock and Per2, and the genes for the key enzymes N-Acetyltransferase and Tyrosine Hidroxylase in chicken embryo dispersed retinal cells. Primary cultures of chicken retina from 8-day-old embryos were kept in constant dark (DD), in 12-h light/12-h dark (12L:12D), in 12L:12D followed by DD, or in DD in the absence or presence of 100 mu M glutamate for 12 h. Total RNA was extracted throughout a 24-h span, every 3 h starting at zeitgeber time 0 (ZT0) of the 6th day, and submitted to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for mRNA quantification. The data showed no rhythmic pattern of transcription for any gene in cells kept in DD. However under a light-dark cycle, Clock, Per2, Opn4m, N-Acetyltransferase, and Tyrosine Hydroxylase exhibited rhythmic patterns of transcription. In DD, 100 mu M glutamate was able to induce rhythmic expression of Clock, strongly inhibited the expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase, and, only at some ZTs, of Opn4x and Opn4m. The neurotransmitter had no effect on Per2 and N-Acetyltransferase transcription. The authors confirmed the expression of the protein OPN4x by immunocytochemistry. These results suggest that chicken embryonic retinal cells contain a functional circadian clock, whose synchronization requires light-dark cycle or glutamate stimuli. (Author correspondence: amdlcast@ib.usp.br).