How Does Intimate Partner Violence Differ Depending on Level of Rurality of Residential Area in Spain?

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as a worldwide public health problem. Most theories ascribe IPV to individual, family, or cultural factors. Authors analyzed different residential areas in Spain in terms of IPV frequency as well as its impact on health and the use of services. A standardized self-administered cross-sectional survey was administered to ever-partnered adult women ages 18 to 70 years receiving care at primary health care centers (N = 10,322). Logistic regression analyzed the association between the level of rurality and health indicators, IPV, and use of services. The lowest frequency of IPV among women is reflected in higher rurality. Women of medium and low rurality presented a poorer self-perceived health and more physical health problems. Women from medium and low rurality areas declared seeking health services more frequently. These results show the importance of the environment in health and indicate the need for research on urban–rural differences in health problems to develop specific public health programs for each country.

Give me a shilling [videorecording]: phenomenon of the street children

Pictures of the Watoto wa Lwanga project, the efforts of the Brothers of St. Charles Lwanga not only to rehabilitate Nairobi's street children, but to prevent slum children from ending up in the streets. Features life in the slums, the situation of the street children, the efforts of the social workers to involve the children's parents, the various reception centers, the vocational school, the Boy's Town Ruai Residential School, the community of the Brothers of St. Charles Lwanga as well as interviews with former street children and with various directors and benefactors of the project.

Conhecimentos sobre a RNCCI: um estudo exploratório sobre a perceção dos alunos do curso de enfermagem

A Rede Nacional de Cuidados Continuados (RNCCI) foi criada em 2006 pelo decreto-lei nº 101/2006, no âmbito do Ministério da Saúde e da Segurança Social. A RNCCI tem como missão prestar os cuidados adequados, de saúde e apoio social, a todas as pessoas que, independentemente da idade, se encontrem em situação de dependência, e articula-se com os serviços de saúde e sociais já existentes. Para cumprir a sua missão, a RNCCI, necessita de uma equipa multidisciplinar, na qual integram vários profissionais, tais como: médicos, enfermeiros, assistentes sociais, psicólogos, entre muitos outros, de entre estes os enfermeiros são os profissionais que maior percentagem detêm na constituição da mesma. Daí que seja pertinente a realização de estudos de investigação, com enfermeiros e estudantes de enfermagem, nesta nova valência de cuidados. O presente estudo incide sobre os conhecimentos dos estudantes de enfermagem sobre a RNCCI, que frequentam o terceiro e quarto ano na Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. Sendo a questão de investigação deste estudo: “Quais os conhecimentos dos alunos de enfermagem do terceiro e quarto ano da licenciatura em enfermagem sobre a RNCCI?”. Foi realizado um estudo de natureza quantitativa, descritivo, correlacional, num plano transversal. Optou-se por um processo de amostragem não probabilística de conveniência, que refletisse a distribuição da população por ano de escolaridade. Assim, considerou-se uma amostra de 120 alunos (75 % da população), selecionados acidentalmente, visando a disponibilidade, rapidez e o menor custo na recolha de dados. Concluiu-se que os alunos de enfermagem de uma forma geral apresentam conhecimentos sobre a RNCCI. Destacando-se uma percentagem de 90% de respostas corretas referentes sobre a RNCCI. No entanto 75% dos alunos responderam erradamente às afirmações relacionados com o processo de referenciação e tipologia das respostas da RNCCI. Comparando estes resultados com estudos realizados com enfermeiros que exercem funções na RNCCI, verifica-se que os alunos não apresentam conhecimentos suficientes para desencadear funções ou processos relacionados com a RNCCI, apesar de terem conhecimentos gerais da mesma, pois apresentam consideráveis falhas desde logo no processo de referenciação, assim como profissionais que já trabalham na área. Tais factos constatados salientam a importância de formação teórica e/ou prática, no plano curricular da licenciatura de enfermagem, preparando os futuros enfermeiros para exercerem as suas funções na RNCCI, e não só. Pois os enfermeiros que trabalham nos cuidados de saúde primários e secundários, também eles necessitam de ter conhecimentos sobre a RNCCI, verificando-se muito frequentemente é durante o internamento que se inicia o processo de referenciação. Sugerindo que o conhecimento dos alunos sobre a RNCCI, são adquiridos na sua maioria durante a realização do ensino clínico, onde acompanham este tipo de atividades. Embora a formação base da licenciatura, permita uma vasta aquisição de competências teórico-práticas, e a integração de formação sobre a RNCCI, seja considerada pelos alunos de enfermagem, como importante ou muito importante, a mesma pode considerar-se atualmente praticamente inexistente.

Qualidade de vida e vulnerabilidade ao stress dos cuidadores formais de uma unidade de cuidados continuados integrados do Alentejo

Viver um maior número de anos não significa necessariamente que se viva com qualidade. Devido às alterações demográficas verificadas nos últimos anos e face ao envelhecimento progressivo da população mundial e consequente aumento da esperança média de vida, ao acréscimo das doenças crónicas e à dependência a elas associada, surgem dificuldades que os doentes e os seus cuidadores enfrentam no seu quotidiano de internamento. Assim, surgiu a necessidade de equacionar a problemática da Qualidade de Vida e a Vulnerabilidade ao Stress dos Cuidadores Formais, que diariamente trabalham numa Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados do Alentejo. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido numa Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados com duas valências de internamento, a Média e a Longa Duração, com os Cuidadores Formais que nele aceitaram participar. Entre eles, encontram-se as mais diversas profissões, desde Auxiliares de Lar, Enfermeiros, Fisioterapeutas, Psicólogos, Animadores Socioculturais, Técnicos de Psicomotricidade, Terapeutas da Fala e Assistentes Sociais. Todos eles representam um papel muito importante no cuidado aos seus clientes, cada um na sua área. Ao delinear este estudo, o Problema prático identificado foi se existia uma relação entre a Qualidade de Vida e a Vulnerabilidade ao Stress dos Cuidadores Formais de uma Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados do Alentejo. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com uma população de 63 elementos, todos Cuidadores Formais a desempenhar funções no local de estudo já referenciado. Foi utilizada a abordagem quantitativa, que é uma metodologia de investigação de vertente epistemológica positivista. Neste estudo, foram utilizados dois instrumentos para aplicar e recolher os dados: um destinado a medir a vulnerabilidade ao stress (23 QVS) dos cuidadores formais; outro para avaliar a qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), gentilmente cedidos pelos seus autores. Os dados recolhidos, após analisados apontaram no sentido de que à medida que a qualidade de vida aumentava nos diferentes domínios, diminuía a vulnerabilidade ao stress.

Addressing confidentiality or records in searches for missing children : final report.

"February 1995."

The American journal of psychiatry.

Official journal of the American Psychiatric Association.

Mental Health Experiences within the Hmong American LGBTQ Community: A Qualitative Research Project

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Clinical practice guidelines for the psychosocial care of adults with cancer

The ‘Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Psychosocial Care of Adults with Cancer’ was launched by the Federal Minister of Health on 14th August 2003.1 Developed by the National Breast Cancer Centre and the National Cancer Control Initiative and approved by the National Health and Medical Research Council in April 2003, these guidelines are the first of their kind for health professionals who treat, or are involved with cancer patients at all stages of care from diagnosis, through to treatment and palliation. The guidelines are aimed particularly at general practitioners, and cancer specialists such as radiation and medical oncologists, surgeons, nurses, social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, physiotherapists and occupational therapists. The guidelines are based on comprehensive and systematic reviews of the international research literature and an extensive consultative process to ensure their clinical relevance. They were informed by a multidisciplinary steering group with expertise across a wide range of cancers and health professions and included consumer representation.

Meaning-based quality-of-life measurement: A way forward in conceptualizing and measuring client outcomes?

Despite current imperatives to measure client outcomes, social workers have expressed frustration with the ability of traditional forms of quantitative methods to engage with complexity, individuality and meaning. This paper argues that the inclusion of a meaning-based as opposed to a function-based approach to quality of life (QOL) may offer a quantitative means of measurement that is congruent with social-work values and practice.

Room to move? Professional discretion at the frontline of welfare-to-work

Outcomes of social policies have always been mediated by the discretionary agency of front-line staff, processes which nevertheless have received insufficient attention in policy evaluation and in the social policy literature more broadly. This article takes the case example or the policy reforms associated with the Australian government's welfare-to-work agenda. Drawing on two discreet research projects undertaken at different points in the policy trajectory, the practices of social workers in Centrelink - the Commonwealth government's primary service delivery agency involved in welfare-to-work - is examined. Centrelink social workers have been and remain one of the core groups of specialist staff since the Department's inception in the late 1940s, working to improve the well being Of people in receipt of income security. Their experiences of the recent past and their expectations of the future of their professional practice as welfare reform becomes more entrenched are canvassed. In summary, the discretionary capacity of the Centrelink social workers to moderate or shape the impact of policy on income security recipients is steadily eroding as this group of professionals is increasingly captured by the emerging practices of workfare.

A DOCÊNCIA NOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA: REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE ALUNOS, DOCENTES E GESTORES EDUCACIONAIS

Este trabalho investiga a docência no Ensino Superior, focalizando as práticas pedagógicas dos docentes que atuam nos Cursos de Graduação Tecnológica, modalidade que requer o aprofundamento de estudos científicos, visto que sua expansão é ainda recente. O objetivo foi estudar as representações sociais dos alunos, docentes e gestores educacionais sobre a docência nessa modalidade de ensino, tendo como problemática a influência dessas representações sociais no cotidiano da ação pedagógica dos docentes. Foi utilizada a fundamentação teórica sobre a Teoria das Representações Sociais segundo Sérge Moscovici (1978; 2003) numa interface com os conceitos de representações e vida cotidiana de Henri Lefebvre (1961; 1991). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com quinze sujeitos, divididos em três grupos: alunos, docentes e gestores educacionais, em duas instituições particulares da cidade de São Paulo e Região do Grande ABC. Após o processo de transcrição, foi utilizada a metodologia de análise de conteúdo, proposta por Bardin (1977; 2008) e Franco (2008), para desvelar as representações sociais sobre o objeto de estudo. Os resultados são convergentes: indicam que a docência nos cursos de Graduação Tecnológica está voltada para os ensinamentos práticos da área de formação de cada curso, sem a fundamentação teórica, a pesquisa e a crítica que fundamenta o ensino na universidade, indicando a necessidade de reflexões mais aprofundadas sobre a docência nessa modalidade de Ensino Superior.(AU)

Professionals, discretion and public sector reform in the UK:re-visiting Lipsky

Purpose – Seeks to examine how far Michael Lipsky's theory of discretion as it relates to public sector professionals as “street-level bureaucrats” is still applicable in the light of public sector reform and in particular the introduction of increased managerial control over professionals. Design/methodology/approach – The main thesis in Lipsky's work, Street-Level Bureaucracy, that street-level bureaucrats devise their own rules and procedures to deal with the dilemmas of policy implementation is linked to public sector reform over the past 25 years or so. The article differentiates between three forms of discretion, rule, task and value and assesses the extent to which these different forms of discretion have been compromised by reform. Examples are drawn principally from the literature on school teachers and social workers Findings – The findings suggest that the rule-making (hence bureaucratic) capacity of professionals at street-level is much less influential than before although it is questionable whether or not the greater accountability of professionals to management and clarity of the targets and objectives of organisations delivering public policy has liberated them from the dilemmas of street-level bureaucracy. Research limitations/implications – The work has focussed on the UK and in particular on two professions. However, it may be applied to any country which has undergone public sector reform and in particular where “new public management” processes and procedures have been implemented. There is scope for in-depth studies of a range of occupations, professional and otherwise in the UK and elsewhere. Practical implications – Policy makers and managers should consider how far the positive aspects of facilitating discretion in the workplace by reducing the need for “rule-making” to cope with dilemmas have been outweighed by increased levels of bureaucracy and the “de-skilling” of professionals. Originality/value – Lipsky's much cited and influential work is evaluated in the light of public sector reform some 25 years since it was published. The three forms of discretion identified offer the scope for their systematic application to the workplace.

A solar powered liquid-desiccant cooling system for greenhouses

Liquid desiccant systems are of potential interest as a means of cooling greenhouses to temperatures below those achieved by conventional means. However, only very little work has been done on this technology with previous workers focussing on the cooling of human dwellings using expensive desiccants such as lithium salts. In this study we are designing a system for greenhouse cooling based on magnesium chloride desiccant which is an abundant and non-toxic substance. Magnesium chloride is found in seawater, for example, and is a by-product from solar salt works. We have carried out a detailed experimental study of the relevant properties of magnesium rich solutions. In addition we have constructed a test rig that includes the main components of the cooling system, namely a dehumidifier and solar regenerator. The dehumidifier is a cross-flow device that consists of a structured packing made of corrugated cellulose paper sheets with different flute angles and embedded cooling tubes. The regenerator is of the open type with insulated backing and fabric covering to spread the flow of desiccant solution. Alongside these experiments we are developing a mathematical model in gPROMS® that combines and simulates the heat and mass transfer processes in these components. The model can be applied to various geographical locations. Here we report predictions for Havana (Cuba) and Manila (Philippines), where we find that average wet-bulb temperatures can be lowered by 2.2 and 3°C, respectively, during the month of May.

Using structural equation modeling to assess two theoretical models that explain dropout

This study evaluated the relative fit of both Finn's (1989) Participation-Identification and Wehlage, Rutter, Smith, Lesko and Fernandez's (1989) School Membership models of high school completion to a sample of 4,597 eighth graders taken from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988, (NELS:88), utilizing structural equation modeling techniques. This study found support for the importance of educational engagement as a factor in understanding academic achievement. The Participation-Identification model was particularly well fitting when applied to the sample of high school completers, dropouts (both overall and White dropouts) and African-American students. This study also confirmed the contribution of school environmental factors (i.e., size, diversity of economic and ethnic status among students) and family resources (i.e., availability of learning resources in the home and parent educational level) to students' educational engagement. Based on these findings, school social workers will need to be more attentive to utilizing macro-level interventions (i.e., community organization, interagency coordination) to achieve the organizational restructuring needed to address future challenges. The support found for the Participation-Identification model supports a shift in school social workers' attention from reactive attempts to improve the affective-interpersonal lives of students to proactive attention to their academic lives. The model concentrates school social work practices on the central mission of schools, which is educational engagement. School social workers guided by this model would be encouraged to seek changes in school policies and organization that would facilitate educational engagement. ^