384 resultados para Coliformes termotolerante


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This work was performing effluent degradation studies by electrochemical treatment. The electrochemical oxidation (EO) hydroquinone (H2Q) was carried out in acid medium, using PbO2 electrode by galvanostatic electrolysis, applying current densities of 10 and 30 mA/cm2 . The concentration of H2Q was monitored by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The experimental results showed that the galvanostatic electrolysis process performance significantly depends on the applied current density, achieving removal efficiencies of 100% and 80 % and 10 applying 30 mA/cm2 , respectively. Furthermore, the electroanalytical technique was effective in H2Q be used as a detection method. In order to test the efficiency of PbO2 electrode, the electrochemical treatment was conducted in an actual effluent, leachate from a landfill. The liquid waste leachate (600ml effluent) was treated in a batch electrochemical cell, with or without addition of NaCl by applying 7 mA/cm2 . The efficiency of EO was assessed against the removal of thermo-tolerant coliforms, total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus and metals (copper, cobalt, chromium, iron and nickel). These results showed that efficient removal of coliforms was obtained (100%), and was further decrease the concentration of heavy metals by the cathode processes. However, results were not satisfactory TOC, achieving low total removal of dissolved organic load. Because it is considered an effluent complex were developed other tests with this effluent to monitor a larger number of decontamination parameters (Turbidity, Total Solids, Color, Conductivity, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and metals (barium, chromium, lithium, manganese and Zinc), comparing the efficiency of this type of electrochemical treatment (EO or electrocoagulation) using a flow cell. In this assay was compared to electro streaming. In the case of the OE, Ti/IrO2-TaO5 was used as the anode, however, the electrocoagulation process, aluminum electrodes were used; applying current densities of 10, 20 and 30 mA/cm2 in the presence and absence of NaCl as an electrolyte. The results showed that EO using Ti/IrO2–TaO5 was anode as efficient when Cl- was present in the effluent. In contrast, the electrocoagulation flow reduces the dissolved organic matter in the effluent, under certain experimental conditions.

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La investigación se realizó en el Caserío El Tamarindo, Cantón Las Delicias, Municipio de San Miguel, El Salvador. El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar la Calidad de Agua de Pozos de Captación Superficial para Consumo Humano, debido a que la comunidad se abastece de agua, provenientes de pozos artesanales de poca profundidad ubicados en laderas y afloramientos sub-superficiales de roca de origen volcánico con suelos de pH moderadamente ácidos y sin ningún tratamiento. Dada la situación anterior se considera el agua como factor de riesgo en aproximadamente 350 habitantes de la comunidad, se determinó a través de muestreos de tres sectores el caserío conocidos como: Tamarindo Centro, Guacamaya y Ciénaga de manera descriptiva la calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica del agua, y se analizaron 18 parámetros por muestra, y se comparan con los valores de la Norma Salvadoreña Obligatoria para Agua Potable, NSO 13.07.01:08 vigente. El agua de todos los pozos analizados mostró contaminación por Coliformes Totales y Fecales además las concentraciones de Mercurio y Plomo superan los valores de la Norma. Se determinaron los parámetros además en un pozo de control lejos de los pozos en estudio, para comparar los datos; sin embargo, la presencia de metales y contaminación microbiológica está fuera de norma. Los resultados muestran el deterioro de la calidad del agua respecto a los parámetros químicos y microbiológicos que constituyen un factor de riesgo para la salud de la población es por ello que fueron entregados a un líder de la comunidad para gestione la mejora de la calidad del agua.

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Este protocolo tiene por objeto establecer los requisitos y medidas sanitarias de prevención y control de la dispersión de enfermedades de alto impacto y para el uso adecuado y racional de fármacos de uso específico en la acuicultura, específicamente para la producción camaronera y de los laboratorios de producción de nauplios y post larvas del país. Este documento es resultado del proyecto de investigación denominado Muestreo y diagnóstico de la calidad microbiológica del agua durante un ciclo de cultivo de camarón marino en estanques de cooperativas de San Hilario, Bahía de Jiquilisco, Usulután, ejecutado por la Escuela Especializada en Ingeniería ITCA-FEPADE, Centro Regional La Unión. En este proyecto se determinó cualitativa y cuantitativamente la presencia de coliformes totales, coliformes fecales (Es-cherichia coli) y bacterias Heterótrofas que constituyen los bioindicadores estándar de contaminación orgánica del agua. Se determinó además la presencia de Vibrio sp., Pseudomonas sp., y Aeromonas sp. en el área de estudio identificados como los principales agentes causantes de enfermedades infecciosas en el camarón marino. El muestreo ayudó a conocer la influencia de parámetros físico-químicos en la presencia de los microorganismos estudiados y servirá de marco para elaborar una propuesta para un programa de monitoreo de la acuicultura en todas sus etapas del encadenamiento productivo. Se realizó un taller con la Cooperativa Senderos de Paz sobre los resultados de TCBS de la calidad del agua en el canal reservorio y el estanque número 3 de dicha cooperativa.

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Ce document est un rapport de synthèse des présentations faites lors des journées REMI, tenues à Nantes les 23 et 24 novembre 1998. Les exposés de la première journée sont principalement destinés aux actions visant à améliorer le fonctionnement du réseau REMI. Ils concernent les sujets suivants : bilan de la mise en oeuvre du réseau de contrôle REMI en 1998 (nouvelle version), bilan de l'état d'avancement du plan qualité surveillance microbiologique et du programme Malthus (méthodologie, normalisation), approches préliminaires pour la détermination des fréquences d'échantillonnage en vue de la surveillance régulière des zones de production classées. La seconde journée est dédiée aux études conduites par les laboratoires côtiers, dont les procédures sont définies par la charte de surveillance microbiologique, ou réalisées par le Laboratoire de Microbiologie. Le dispositif de programmation des études de surveillance et de saisie des données dans la base Quadrige est présenté. Les sujets abordés se rapportent aux thèmes suivants : impact de la plaisance, des populations aviaires, des rejets agricoles et urbains sur la contamination bactériologique des coquillages ou des eaux littorales, les bactériophages, évaluation de l'importance de la pêche récréative par survol aérien des gisements coquilliers, objectifs et réflexions sur les perspectives d'un système d'évaluation de la qualité des eaux littorales (SEQ Littoral). Le bilan des journées REMI s'analyse à travers les commentaires recueillis lors du tour de table, et le relevé des propositions d'actions.

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Jerked beef, an industrial meat product obtained from beef with the addition of sodium chloride and curing salts and subjected to a maturing and drying process is a typical Brazilian product which has been gradually discovered by the consumer. The replacement of synthetic antioxidants by natural substances with antioxidant potential due to possible side effects discovered by lab tests, consumer health, is being implemented by the meat industry. This study aimed to evaluate the lipid oxidation of jerked beef throughout the storage period by replacing the sodium nitrite by natural extracts of propolis and Yerba Mate. For jerked beef processing brisket was used as raw material processed in 6 different formulations: formulation 1 (control - in nature), formulation 2 (sodium nitrite - NO), formulation 3 (Yerba Mate - EM), formulation 4 (propolis extract - PRO), formulation 5 (sodium nitrite + Yerba Mate - MS + NO), formulation 6 (propolis extract + sodium nitrite - PRO + NO). The raw material was subjected to wet salting, dry salting (tombos), drying at 25°C, packaging and storage in BOD 25°C. Samples of each formulation were taken every 7 days for analysis of lipid oxidation by the TBARS method. In all formulations, were carried out analysis of chemical composition at time zero and sixty days of storage. The water activity analysis and color (L *, a *, b *) was monitored at time zero, thirty and sixty days of storage. The Salmonella spp count, Coliform bacteria, Termotolerant coliforms and coagulase positive staphylococci were taken at time zero and sixty days. The activity of natural antioxidants evaluated shows the decline of lipid oxidation up to 2.5 times compared with the product in natura and presented values with no significant differences between treatments NO and EM, confirming the potential in minimize lipid oxidation of Jerked beef throughout the 60 days of storage. The results also showed that yerba mate has a higher antioxidant capacity compared to the propolis except the PRO + NO formulation. When associated with yerba mate with sodium nitrate, TBARS values become close to values obtained only for the control samples with the addition of sodium nitrite. The proximal composition of the formulations remained within the standards required in the IN nº22/2000 for jerked beef. Samples that differ significantly at 5% are directly related to the established type of formulation. The count of microorganisms was within the standards of the DRC nº12/2001 required for matured meat products. The intensity of the red (a*) decreased with storage time and increase the intensity of yellow (b*) indicates a darkening of the product despite L* also have been increased. These results suggest that yerba mate is a good alternative to meat industry in reducing healing addition salts when associated with another antioxidant.

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Trois études de zones ont été conduites en 1997/1998 dans le bassin de Marennes-Oléron (Charente-Maritime). Deux concernaient la contamination des coquillages fouisseurs de la Seudre et du banc de Ronce-Perquis. La troisième concernait la contamination des coquillages filtreurs des bouchots à moules des Saumonards (Ile d'Oléron). Ces études avaient pour objet d'évaluer les niveaux de contamination microbiologique et chimique de ces zones de production de coquillages afin que l'Administration puisse en effectuer le classement sanitaire conformément à l'arrêté du 21 juillet 1995. La Seudre, à l'aval de la rivière, a montré, pour les fouisseurs, une qualité microbiologique de catégorie B et une qualité microbiologique de catégorie C pour la partie amont. De son côté, le Banc de Ronce-Perquis a présenté, pour les fouisseurs, une qualité microbiologique de catégorie B. Enfin, la catégorie microbiologique des moules des bouchots des Saumonards est de type A. Le suivi du mercure total, du cadmium et du plomb dans la chair des coquillages a mis en évidence des teneurs inférieures aux valeurs seuil.

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Este estudio fue realizado en la finca El Morro, San Miguelito, Río San Juan, el objetivo fue e valuar las características biofísicas de los recursos bosque, fauna silvestre , agua y suelo existentes en la finca. Se aplicó un inventario con diseño de muestreo sistemático utilizando tamaño de parcela de acuerdo a los diferentes tipos de cobertura vegetal , tales como : bosque abierto, tacotal y árboles disp ersos en potrero . Se ubica ron sobre el diseño del inventario dos parcelas circulares, con un radio de 15 metros, separadas a un a distancia de tres km entre ellas, la toma de datos de fauna silvestre se hizo , simultánea al levantamien t o de la información florística. P ara la caracterización se tomaron 20 muestras de suelo en cada tipo de cobertura vegetal para determinar el estado físico y químico del mismo. S e evaluó la calidad del agua para consumo humano en las dos fuentes hídricas existentes. En bosque abierto se encontraron 29 especies y 18 familias. Las familias con más individuos fueron : Bignoniaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Fabaceae y Mimosaceae ; en el tacotal se encontraron 26 especies y 19 familias , sobresaliendo en número de individuos, Tiliaceae, Bixaceae, Sterculiaceae y Mimosaceae; en el área de árboles dis pe rsos potreros se registraron 34 especies y 21 familias , siendo Anarcadiaceae, Fabaceae, Mimosaceae y Sterculiaceae las de mayor abundancia de individuos. El índice de diversidad de Shannon - Wiener indica que todos los tipos de vegetación tienden a la heterogeneidad o equitatividad en especies e individuos. En los tres estratos se encontraron 26 especies de aves, 7 de mamíferos y 8 de reptiles . Se evaluó el pH, nitrito, nitrato, amonio, fosfato, dureza de carbono, dureza total y oxígeno del agua, encontrando que es apta para consumo humano, sin embargo, no se hizo análisis biológico, por tanto se desconoce la concentración de coliformes fecales de las dos fuentes. La textura de los suelos en los tres tipos de vegetación es arcillosa

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Sodium is an essential nutrient with important functions in the organism, however, its ingestion in excess may cause various health problems such as arterial hypertension, brain diseases, heart failure and chronic renal failure. In this context, the present study proposes to prepare Minas Padrão cheese with different contents of sodium with the objective of evaluating the effect of the addition of potassium chloride in sensory characteristics and hysicochemical properties, as well as in the proximal composition and in microbiological quality. The cheeses were elaborate in concentrations of 100% of NaCl (C), 80% of NaCl + 20% of KCl (T1), 60% of NaCl + 40% of KCl (T2), 40% of NaCl + 60% of KCl (T3) and 20% of NaCl + 80% of KCl (T4) and stored for 20 days at 10 ºC. The proximal composition and physicochemical was based on the determination of moisture content, fat, protein, ash, chloride, sodium, potassium, titratable acidity and pH of all treatments after 20 days of storage. The microbiological quality of the samples was monitored through the count of Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., mold and yeast in the first and fifteenth day of storage. The sensorial characterization was performed by the technique of Free Profile choice. The results showed that the replacement of sodium chloride by potassium in the Minas Padrão cheese in concentration higher than 40% presented significantly higher moisture contents. Cheese with a reduction greater than 60% of sodium obtained significantly effect in the titratable acidity, presenting higher values compared to the other treatments. The cheese with 20% of salt replacement did not differ statistically in relation to the control. When the proportion of substituent was increased, a significant reduction of the sodium content of up to 73% was observed. As the sodium was replaced by potassium in cheese, the potassium content increased significantly, stablishing a reduction of 82% in relation to the control. There was no effect to sodium substitution by potassium in fat, protein, ash and chlorides, as well as the pH values. The microbiological results were in accordance with the current legislation, therefore suitable to be eaten. According to the Free Profile Choice technique it was observed that the control C cheese (100% of NaCl) showed results very close to the other treatments, differing only in flavor attributes. The replacement of sodium by potassium in proportions of 20% contributed to a bitter taste detected by the tasters. Whereas, the appearance, flavor and texture attributes showed no significant differences compared to the Minas Padrão cheese.

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The pig slaughter process involve different steps that can influence the microbiological quality of carcasses. At this, the understanding of the slaughter process on the microbiological aspects is necessary for the implementation and evaluation of critical control points. The microbiological control of the slaughter process should involve the evaluation of pathogens prevalence and levels of quality and hygiene indicator microorganisms. This study aimed at investigating the influence of steps slaughter process on the microbiological levels of pig carcasses, and evaluate if there is correlation between pathogens (Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes) and indicators (aerobic mesophilic counts, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae) microorganisms. A high Salmonella soroprevalence in pigs were founded before the slaughter (57.49 %). While the Salmonella prevalence in carcasses at the initial stage of the slaughter was 26.67 % and in the final stage 1.11 %, L. monocytogenes was detected only in the final washing and cooling steps, with a prevalence of 21.11 and 8.89 %, respectively. The aerobic mesophilic counts, Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms and E. coli levels in initial steps of slaughter process were 4.25 ± 0.37; 1.25 ± 0.38; 1.10 ± 0.35 and 0.86 ± 0.36, respectively. At the end of slaughter process the results were lower (ranging from 0.16 at 2.70 log CFU/cm2). The step that most reduced microbiological levels was the scalding. The dehairing was a critical step that led to a significant increase of microorganisms levels in the process (p < 0.05). The evisceration not proved to be a critical step on the increase of microbial levels, differently of the final washing, which showed significant increases (p < 0.05) over the levels of aerobic counts, total coliforms, E. coli and enterobacterias (0.30; 0.36; 0.27 and 0.42 log respectively) and Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes. The chilling contributes significantly to the reduction of microbiological levels of carcasses, bringing them to levels below the all process stages, with the exception of scalding. No correlation between the hygiene indicator microorganisms used and presence of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were obtained (p < 0.05). The results show that steps in the process are critical to the sanitary profile, which implies the need to implement actions in the process to reducing the microbiological levels.

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One of the biggest environmental problems of the population is the lack of sewage treatment, especially in rural communities and low-income. The development of technologies for efficient, low-cost sanitation need to be developed to meet the disadvantaged people of this basic service. This work was the implementation proposal of a technology called constructed wetlands, also known as Wastewater Treatment Plant for Roots Zone - ETEZR. The objective was to develop a non- formal environmental education proposal for redevelopment, using outreach methods for residents and deployment of this technology ETEZR in the rural community of Cologne Grebe in Sao Jose dos Pinhais - PR. With technical support from the Paranaense Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Institute -EMATER and the Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR, 5 ETEZR were deployed in the colony through three theoretical and practical workshops, which involved total 67 people from the community 5 technicians EMATER and 13 of the Municipal Town Hall. Após4 months of implementation were carried out two collections of raw wastewater and treated to analyze physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results evaluated by chemical parameters BOD, COD, phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen comparing raw and treated sewage, demonstrate that ETEZR are effective in the treatment of sewage. 5 Seasons minimum and maximum efficiency between the basic parameters analyzed were 52.2 to 95.5% for BOD; 47 to 94.5% for COD; 21.5 to 96% phosphorus; 30-98% for ammonia nitrogen. Oils and greases, and a series of solid also achieved a significant reduction in their values when comparing the raw sewage and treated sewage, and biological parameters evaluated by means of coliforms showed a reduction of 80 to 99%. With the implementation of environmental education process aimed sanitation was possible to evaluate the perception of the population to accept the environmental sanitation technology using the ETEZR, understand the needs and sanitation concepts for the community. This research evaluated the development of the methodology applied by the non-formal environmental education in order to provide subsidies for rural sanitation plan process for the municipality.

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Two cheese formulations made from raw milk and endogenous yeasts with 30, 60 and 180 days of maturation in two dairy Paraná Southwest were studied to evaluate their quality through physical, physical-chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics, as one of the stages of development of a typical regional cheese. The production was accompanied from designing the flowchart processing, where the samples were collected to perform the analysis of proteins, lipids, moisture, ash, carbohydrates, total solids, fat in dry matter, calories; water activity, instrumental texture (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, resiliency and chewiness), instrumental color (CIE Lab); microbiological quality was assessed searching for total and thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase positive staphylococci and Salmonella spp.; the acceptance related to sensory characteristics of color, appearance, flavor, texture, taste and purchase intent was evaluated through the structured hedonic scale. This research contributed information relevant to the production process, such as the realization of the viability in freeze-drying lactic acid bacteria yeast isolated from milk in the Southwestern Mesoregion of Parana and the results of the analysis of the cheese showed similarity between formulations, regarding the physical, physical-chemical characterization, moreover good microbiological quality, where the differences between samples of dairy products were not perceived by sensory panelists. Adjustments in standardization related to technological quality control is an extremely important factor for the success of dairy companies and small producers involved in the project and that they have the option of producing the Santo Giorno, a fine cheese, with the great advantage of adding features of region, with high standard of sanitary conditions and with great consumer acceptance of indicative.

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O Empreendimento de Fins Múltiplos de Alqueva (EFMA) é um projecto estruturante centrado na barragem do Alqueva, que pretende garantir o recurso Água na região e com isso viabilizar uma série de infra-estruturas que contribuirão para o desenvolvimento, em termos económicos e sociais, de uma das regiões mais desfavorecidas da Europa. O EFMA é constituído pelo "Reservatório Mãe" e por um conjunto de outras albufeiras de menor dimensão, interligados por uma rede com cerca de dois mil quilómetros de canais e condutas e mais de meia centena de estações de bombagem, contemplando os seguintes usos da água: - Abastecimento público. - Fornecimento de água para o desenvolvimento de actividades agrícolas e agro-industriais; - Produção de energia; Este trabalho tem por objectivo avaliar a adequabilidade da qualidade da água para o uso rega na origem e produzir informação adequada de suporte à decisão. Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que de um modo geral a qualidade da água captada no sistema Alqueva- Pedrógão é adequada para o uso rega, apesar de se verificar uma persistente contaminação de coliformes fecais. ABSTRACT; The Multipurpose Alqueva Project (EFMA- Empreendimento de Fins Múltiplos de Alqueva) is a groundwork project centred in Alqueva dam and its reservoir, which intends to guarantee a strategic water reserve in the region, and therefore making possible a series of associated infrastructures, contributing for the potential development of the region, in economic and social terms, in one of the most poorest regions of Europe. The EFMA includes a "Main Reservoir" and set of other dams with lesser dimension, connected by a several canals and pipelines about two thousand kilometers long (including Primary and Secondary Network), and about 50 pumping stations, with the goal of attaining the following main objectives: - Water supply for the development of agricultural and agro-industrial activities; - Production of energy; - Public Water Supply. This study intends to evaluate the suitability of water quality in the origin for irrigation use and to achieve adequate information for support decision. The results have revealed that the quality of water abstracted in the Alqueva - Pedrógão System is suitable for irrigation, although the persistent contamination of fecal coliforms.

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1-Inroduction générale (Extraits). L'IFREMER exerce de longue date des tâches de surveillance et de contrôle de la qualité du milieu marin et de ses ressources. Certaines de ces tâches le sont de façon très organisée et systématique, couvrant "en réseau" l'ensemble du littoral français. Le présent ouvrage dresse le bilan des résultats obtenus par trois de ces réseaux, en vue d'évaluer la qualité actuelle des eaux littorales, mission à laquelle ils sont dédiés : le Réseau National d'Observation de la Qualité du Milieu Marin (RNO), le réseau de surveillance du phytoplancton (REPHY) et le réseau de surveillance microbiologique (REMI ). Le RNO a été mis en place en 1974 par le Ministère de l'Environnement avec pour premier objectif l'évaluation des niveaux et des tendances des polluants et des paramètres généraux de la qualité du milieu marin. Mais cette activité ne peut se concevoir sans une surveillance des effets biologiques de la qualité du milieu. Ce deuxième objectif de surveillance vise à évaluer l'état de santé de la flore et de la faune marines par la mesure de la réponse de ces organismes à des perturbations de la qualité du milieu. Il a été introduit en 1987 dans les programmes du RNO. Toutefois, les résultats n'en sont encore que préliminaires et ne sont pas présentés ici. La création du REPHY a fait suite aux intoxications par les coquillages observées en 1983. Ce réseau fait le suivi des populations phytoplanctoniques, de leurs perturbations et de l'apparition d'espèces toxiques pour l'homme ou pour les animaux marins. Dès 1984, la majeure partie du littoral faisait l'objet de cette surveillance. Quant au REMI , il évalue les niveaux et les tendances de la contamination microbiologique du milieu et plus spécialement des zones de production conchylicole. Il résulte de la réorganisation opérée en 1989 des activités de contrôle de la salubrité des coquillages menées par l'IFREMER. Cette réorganisation a eu pour objectif de permettre une appréciation plus globale de la qualité microbiologique du milieu, tout en fournissant les éléments contribuant à la protection du consommateur. Les résultats de surveillance du mi lieu portent au total sur une vingtaine de paramètres qui définissent plusieurs types de qualité environnementale : qualité générale des masses d'eaux par la température, la salinité, les sels nutritifs (nitrate, phosphate ... ), la chlorophylle ; contamination du milieu par des métaux (mercure, cadmium, plomb ... ) et des composés organiques toxiques (PCB, pesticides ... ), mesurés dans certains organismes sentinelles (moule, huître ... ) ; fréquence d'apparition dans les masses d'eaux d'espèces phytoplanctoniques toxiques représentées ici par Dinophysis et Alexandrium, et risques de toxicité effective des coquillages ; contamination du milieu par les bactéries d'origine terrestre, représentées ici par les coliformes fécaux mesurés dans les moules et les huîtres. …

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Se utilizó al grupo de bacterias coliformes totales, fecales, Escherichia coli, el recuento de bacterias heterótrofas, la presencia – ausencia de los géneros Pseudomonas y Vibrios para determinar la calidad microbiológica del agua de las playas El Tunco y El Sunzal ubicadas en el departamento de La Libertad. Se realizaron 3 muestreos en cada una de las playas durante los meses de septiembre a diciembre del 2011, abarcando el final de la época lluviosa, la transición y el inicio de la época seca. En total se obtuvieron 54 muestras de agua, 27 por playa. Se estableció una red de estaciones ubicadas en cada sitio de muestreo, 3 por playa y cada estación se muestreo 3 puntos mar adentro a distancias de 10, 20 y 30 metros desde la orilla de la costa. El mayor registro de valores que se obtuvo del recuento de coliformes totales en ambas playas fue de 160,900 NMP/100ml y un menor valor de este grupo de 200 NMP/100ml. Para el grupo de coliformes fecales se registró un valor máximo de 34,000 NMP/100ml. La bacteria Escherichia coli se registró un recuento máximo de 33,000 NMP/100ml y para el recuento de las heterótrofas se registró un valor máximo sobresaliente en las dos playas de 13,000 UFC/100ml, resaltando que la mayoría de los promedios elevados se registraron en la playa El Tunco, además; se registraron en la playa el Tunco las siguientes bacterias: Pseudomona aeruginosa, en 10 muestras, Vibrio alginolyticus en 26 muestras y Vibrio parahaemolyticus en 14 muestras. En el Zunzal: Pseudomona aeruginosa en 20 muestras, Vibrio alginolyticus en 27 muestras y Vibrio parahaemolyticus en 12 muestras. Concluyendo que las playas El Tunco y El Sunzal, no entran dentro de los límites máximos permisibles por la norma mexicana para aguas de uso recreacional, ambas por los resultados obtenidos en el final de época lluviosa, la transición y el inicio de la época seca.

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Los moluscos bivalvos se alimentan por filtración logrando ingerir partículas en suspensión que pueden contener microorganismos patógenos a un nivel muy superior al de su entorno acuático, por lo tanto los riesgos de enfermedades gastrointestinales para humanos se asocian al consumo de moluscos crudos. Muchas de estas enfermedades transmitidas por moluscos se deben a bacterias entéricas asociadas con contaminación fecal. Para controlar las enfermedades transmitidas por moluscos, se ha ideado la limpieza de moluscos de los contaminantes presentes en su tejido a través de la depuración (un sistema controlado), este es un proceso que consiste en mantener a los bivalvos en tanques con agua de mar libre de contaminantes microbiológicos, en condiciones que permitan maximizar la actividad natural de filtración y expulsar así el contenido intestinal donde están presentes las bacterias nocivas para el consumo humano. La presente investigación consistió en evaluar la depuración a la que se sometió el “curil” (A. tuberculosa) para reducir la carga microbiana de Escherichia coli y Coliformes, donde los “curiles” se introdujeron en agua radiada con luz ultravioleta, bajo condiciones de temperatura, salinidad y pH, por periodos de tiempo de 24, 48, y 72 horas. Los ejemplares analizados fueron 51muestras, 24 de ellos se extrajeron de los sitios de cultivo Las Flores y El Jobal de la Bahía de Jiquilisco, del Departamento de Usulután y el resto fueron recolectados en un establecimiento comercial de mariscos de la misma zona para determinar la capacidad máxima del sistema depurador, también se analizó 21 muestras del agua radiada con luz UV para demostrar la efectividad del sistema depurador. Las muestras colectadas de tejido de “curil” y agua de mar fueron trasladadas al Laboratorio del Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Salud (CENSALUD) de la Universidad de El Salvador, para la realización del análisis microbiológico mediante la técnica de placa vertida por medio del recuento de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC/g) (Cuantificación de Coliformes) y Número Más Probable (NMP/ml) (Comprobación de presencia de E. coli), ambas técnicas recomendadas por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicina de los Estados Unidos de América (FDA, por sus siglas en inglés)