盐胁迫对螺旋藻光合作用影响的研究

盐胁迫是限制高等植物和藻类生长和产量的主要环境因子之一。PSII对环境胁迫的响应被认为是光合作用适应逆境过程中最重要的一个环节。尽管盐胁迫对PSII的影响已进行了大量的研究，但有关盐胁迫对PSII作用方式和位点的研究仍存在着争议。我们主要研究了盐胁迫对螺旋藻PSII结构和功能的影响，以探讨盐胁迫对PSII的作用方式和位点以及该藻细胞PSII对盐胁迫的适应机理。主要研究结果如下： 1． 用0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8M NaCl处理螺旋藻细胞12小时。随盐浓度的增加，螺旋藻细胞的Chla、carotenoid、PC、APC及蛋白含量均呈下降趋势，说明盐胁迫抑制了上述色素及蛋白的合成或加速了它们的降解，从而影响了螺旋藻的光合作用。 2． 随盐浓度的增加，螺旋藻细胞光合放氧活性和PS II电子传递活性显著降低，表明盐胁迫引起藻细胞PS II活性的下降。 3． 通过放氧活性、热致发光（TL）、多相荧光瞬态上升动力学曲线的测定以及Western 杂交，来探讨盐胁迫对螺旋藻细胞PS II供体侧电子传递及OEC33蛋白含量的影响。结果显示：随盐浓度的增加，螺旋藻细胞光合放氧活性和PS II电子传递活性下降;TL B-band和Q-band强度降低，在0-0.6M NaCl下，B-band的周期性振荡清楚，最大值出现在第二次和第六次闪光，而在0.8M NaCl时，S态振荡基本上消失，S 态氧化还原循环受阻;Fm， J、I和P相荧光水平降低。以上结果都表明盐胁迫使PS II的放氧侧受损伤。且随盐浓度的增加，盐分引起螺旋藻细胞外周蛋白OEC33的降解，在蓝藻中首次提出放氧机构的S态循环受阻，放氧活性降低。 4． 通过OJIP曲线的测定以及JIP-test、闪光诱导的可变荧光衰减动力学、热致发光（TL）的分析，我们研究了盐胁迫对螺旋藻细胞PS II受体侧的影响。结果显示： JIP-test的参数Ψo和φEo随盐浓度的增加而下降,显示QA-到QB 电子传递受阻;可变荧光衰减动力学快相组分半衰期延长，所占总可变荧光百分比下降，表明QA-到QB 电子转移变慢，中相组分半衰期延长、所占百分比下降，说明空的QB位点对PQ的结合减慢，有可能PQ分子对QB位点的结合能力下降;TL B-band和Q-band的峰温度出现了位移，可能QA、QB的氧化还原电势发生了改变。以上结果表明，盐胁迫伤害了PSII受体侧的电子传递。 5． 首次运用闪光诱导下的叶绿素荧光上升及其衰减动力学来研究盐胁迫对PS II受体侧的影响。 6． 盐胁迫下，PS II供体侧和受体侧电子传递受抑制，有活性的PSII反应中心数量下降，说明盐胁迫对螺旋藻细胞PSII的伤害也可能是多位点的作用方式。此外，盐胁迫下，藻细胞放氧活性的下降快于受体侧QA 到QB电子传递所占百分比的下降，有可能PS II放氧侧先受损伤，然后是反应中心和受体侧。上述结果表明盐胁迫下PSII活性的降低是由于PSII供体侧和受体侧电子传递的抑制，有活性的PSII反应中心的减少。 7． 借助螺旋藻类囊体膜的Western杂交分析，来研究盐胁迫对螺旋藻类囊体膜PSII相关蛋白的影响。结果表明，上述PSII活性的抑制是由于类囊体膜蛋白的损失。主要与PSII反应中心CP43、CP47和OEC33蛋白含量的下降有关。 8． PS II机构对盐胁迫的适应涉及以下几个方面：降低吸收横截面，（PC/chla，APC/chla比值的降低）;光系统II光化学反应的改变，通过关闭的PS II反应中心比例的增加，使得PS II机构免于过多激发能的伤害而得以保护;提高了剩余的有活性反应中心的耗能效率（DIo/RC增加）;保持有活性反应中心高的激发能转化效率，比如，TRo/RC保持不变;另外，随盐浓度的增加，由藻胆体向光系统I的能量传递增加，避免过量激发能对 PSII的伤害，使螺旋藻细胞适应盐胁迫环境。

Cestyll yn y Cymylau

Morgan, Mihangel, Cestyll yn y Cymylau (Talybont: Y Lolfa, 2007)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) (I): Toxicity, population exposure and involved foods

Food is one of the main exogenous sources of genotoxic compounds. In heated food products, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a priority group of genotoxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic chemical pollutants with adverse long-term health effects. People can be exposed to these compounds through different environments and via various routes: inhalation, ingestion of foods and water and even percutaneously. The presence of these compounds in food may be due to environmental contamination, to industrial handling and processing of foods and to oil processing and refining. The highest levels of these compounds are found in smoked foods, in seafood which is found in polluted waters, in grilled meats and, to a lesser extent, in vegetable fats and oils. Lower levels of PAHs are found in vegetables and in cereals and its products.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) (I): Measures of prevention and control

Measures of prevention and control against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) focus on an official food control, a code of best practice to reduce PAHs levels by controlling industry and in the development of a chemopreventive strategy. Regulation (EU) 835/2011 establishes maximum levels of PAHs for each food group. In addition, Regulations (EU) 333/2007 and 836/2011 set up the methods of sampling and analysis for its official control. Scientific studies prove that the chemopreventive strategy is effective against these genotoxic compounds effects. Most chemopreventive compounds studied with proven protective effects against PAHs are found in fruit and vegetables.

Kinematic Design of a 6-DOF Parallel Manipulator with Decoupled Translation and Rotation

A new three-limb, six-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel manipulator (PM), termed a selectively actuated PM (SA-PM), is proposed. The end-effector of the manipulator can produce 3-DOF spherical motion, 3-DOF translation, 3-DOF hybrid motion, or complete 6-DOF spatial motion, depending on the types of the actuation (rotary or linear) chosen for the actuators. The manipulator architecture completely decouples translation and rotation of the end-effector for individual control. The structure synthesis of SA-PM is achieved using the line geometry. Singularity analysis shows that the SA-PM is an isotropic translation PM when all the actuators are in linear mode. Because of the decoupled motion structure, a decomposition method is applied for both the displacement analysis and dimension optimization. With the index of maximal workspace satisfying given global conditioning requirements, the geometrical parameters are optimized. As a result, the translational workspace is a cube, and the orientation workspace is nearly unlimited.

A review of the global pesticide legislation and the scale of challenge in reaching the global harmonization of food safety standards

Pesticide use is important in agriculture to protect crops and improve productivity. However, they have the potential to cause adverse human health or environmental effects, dependent on exposure levels. This review examines existing pesticide legislation worldwide, focusing on the level of harmonisation, and impacts of differing legislation on food safety and trade. Pesticide legislation varies greatly worldwide as countries have different requirements guidelines and legal limits for plant protection. Developed nations have more stringent regulations than developing countries, which lack the resources and expertise to adequately implement and enforce legislation. Global differences in pesticide legislation act as a technical barrier to trade. International parties such as the European Union (EU), Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have attempted to harmonise pesticide legislation by providing maximum residue limits (MRLs), but globally these limits remain variable. Globally harmonised pesticide standards would serve to increase productivity, profits and trade, and enhance the ability to protect public health and the environment. 

Trophic assessment in chinese coastal systems

Dissertação mest., Gestão da Água e da Costa, Universidade do Algarve, 2007

Avaliação da eficiência de higienização em cantinas

Dissertação de mest., Engenharia Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2009

Anais de História de Além-Mar

FCT

Livres I-IX du Code de Justinien.

Acquis en 1765 lors de la vente par Gaspard-Moyse de Fontanieu de sa bibliothèque au roi; cf. Omont, Portefeuilles Fontanieu, 32; — abbaye de Chaalis (dioc. de Senlis); cf. Delisle, Cab. des mss., II, 349

Térence.

Acquis le 16 avril 1806 de M. Le Hoc par M. Capperonnier et remis par lui au département des mss., pour un prix non précisé; cf. B.n.F., département des Manuscrits, Archives Modernes 492bis, registre des acquisitions du département des Manuscrits 1806-1820, f. 2 "Codex pmembranaceus, initio et fine mutilus, quo continentur P. Terentii Afri comoediae sex: Andria, Adelphi, Eunuchus, Phormio, Heautontimorumenos et Hecyra. Andriae prologus, actus primus, et duo versus ex secundo desiderantur. Adnectitur in calce carmen de conflictu veris et hyemis, auctore anonymo; hujus vero carminis principium tantum servatum est. Is codex saeculo undecimo videtur exaratus. Placé à son rang parmi les mss. latins, n° 7903/2"; Delisle, Cab. des mss., II, 281

Anthologie latine.

Acquis entre 1752 et 1753 du fils de Jean-Baptiste Lantin de Dijon, parent de Claude Saumaise, parmi les mss. de Cl. Saumaise vendus à l'abbé Sallier pour la Bibliothèque du roi pour le prix global de 600 livres; cf. B.n.F., département des Manuscrits, Archives Modernes 492bis, registre des acquisitions du département des Manuscrits 1806-1820, f. 55-59, et Archives Ancien Régime 65, f. 313-314 et 349 "In f°. Codex pmembranaceus quo continentur epigrammata et poematia vetera, eadem pleraque quae edita sunt Lugduni anno 1616 apud Jacobum Chovet. Auctores in hac collectione recensiti sunt (...)"; cf. Delisle, Cab. des mss., I, 362 (éd. du catalogue des mss. de Saumaise) et 426; — ex-libris "Cl. Salmasii" (1)

Une émeute parmi les indigènes d'Ixtacmaxtitlan

Ixtacmaxtitlan, une émeute parlmi les indigènes d'. Ixtacmaxtitlan