Programa cultural Aequilibrium (07 junio 2016) : Mural y logo de la opción Cerámica de la Escuela de Artes de la Universidad de El Salvador.

El periodista Renato Jaén conversa con María de Lourdes Calero, Coordinadora de la opción Cerámica y Sandra Muñoz, egresada de la carrera de Artes, para hablar sobre la develación del mural y logo representativo de la opción Cerámica.

Desenvolvimento de cerâmica vermelha utilizando rejeitos da construção civil

The Industry of the Civil Construction has been one of the sectors that most contribute to the pollution of the environment, due to the great amount of residues generated by the construction, demolition and the extraction of raw material. As a way of minimizing the environmental impacts generated by this industry, some governmental organizations have elaborated laws and measures about the disposal of residues from the building construction (CONAMA - resolution 307). This work has as objective the reutilization of residues compound of sand, concrete, cement, red bricks and blocks of cement and mortar for the production of red ceramic, with the objective of minimizing costs and environmental impacts. The investigated samples contained 0% to 50% of residues in weight, and they were sintered at temperatures of 950°C, 1000°C, 1050°C, 1100°C and 1150°C. After the sinterization, the samples were submitted to tests of absorption of water, linear retraction, resistance to bending, apparent porosity, specific density, XRD and SEM. Satisfactory results were obtained in all studied compositions, with the possible incorporation of up to 50% of residues in ceramic mass without great losses in the mechanical strength, giving better results to the incorporation of 30% of residues in the fabrication of ceramic parts, such as roofing tiles, bricks masonry and pierced bricks

Influência do lodo de ETE na massa para fabricação de cerâmica vermelha

The WTP produce many kinds of residue on your treatment stages, but the sludge is the more problematic from the final disposition point view. The actual rate of residue production deriving from technological evolution and the crescent population needs prevents the subtle equilibrium generation between consumption and recycling/reuse, creating problems of pollution resulting from inappropriate management of residues. Thus, is necessary achieve a new equilibrium between the grow from raw materials and energy and the residue generation. This equilibrium should be achieved by technical and economic feasibility of environmental supported models through recycling and reuse. The red ceramic industry stand out in residue absorption question as raw material due their clay mass heterogeneity, constituted by clay minerals and non-clay minerals with wide mineralogical variation, allowing residue inclusion which act like plastic or non-plastic materials, contributing to retain heavy metals contained in residues in the vitreous mass formed during the burning of the ceramic bodies. This work propose the study of the influence of incorporation of 25 wt.% sludge from wastewater treatment plant, according preliminary results, in the mass to produce ceramic bodies. The raw materials was characterized through chemical composition analyses by XRF, mineralogical analyses by XRD, thermal analyses by TG and DTA, Atterberg limits and thermodilatometry. Subsequently was composed the mass with 75 wt.% of clay and 25 wt.% of dried wastewater sludge from UFRN WWTP. Samples with 6,0 x 2,0 x 0,5 cm was produced with unidirectional compacting under pressure of 20MPa and burned in temperatures between 950 and 1,200ºC. After fired, the ceramic bodies have been submitted to physical and mechanical analyses through the measure of firing shrinkage, water absorption, density, apparent porosity and flexural strength; crystallographic analyses through XRD and microstructure analyses by SEM. The technological properties obtained was satisfactory to production of roof tiles with 25 wt.% at 1,200 ºC, but the production of others products at lower temperatures was not feasible

El enfoque local en la cooperación al desarrollo un estudio de casos en Argelia: cerámica tradicional y vitivinicultura

El objetivo principal de la investigación es el estudio y la validación práctica en territorios del sur del mediterráneo de metodologías de intervención basadas en el marco teórico del desarrollo local, que establecen el fortalecimiento del capital territorial de un espacio/comunidad como elemento de partida a partir del cual desplegar con éxito estrategias de desarrollo eficaces y efectivas. Este objetivo principal pretende dar respuesta a necesidades que surgen tanto desde el punto de vista científico y geográfico, como profundización en un orden científico que proporcione nuevos conocimientos sobre las características de determinados territorios y comunidades, como desde el punto de vista de la investigación prospectiva, como respuesta a la necesidad de testar la aplicabilidad y pertinencia de ciertos enfoques y métodos de trabajo en territorios y comunidades del sur de cara a establecer los cimientos de una adecuada intervención en el territorio. El estudio se ha desarrollado desde la óptica investigación-acción aprovechando la participación en el diseño y ejecución de diferentes proyectos financiados en Argelia por la Agencia Española para la Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo con el objeto de poner en marcha procesos de activación y puesta en valor del saber hacer ligado a actividades tradicionales que forman parte del patrimonio cultural mediterráneo como la cerámica y el vino. La investigación ha seguido un planteamiento constructivista, respaldado por la metodología cualitativa, que entiende el conocimiento como el resultado de la interacción de los actores y su ambiente llevándolo a un escenario en donde los actores recobran su protagonismo. Se trata de un método adecuado para analizar procesos y estrategias de desarrollo como el que nos ocupa y que exige considerar las múltiples conexiones socioespaciales que existen entre los elementos estudiados, para lo cual es conveniente que la investigación adopte una visión sistémica de la realidad que permita identificar las diferentes entidades y actores que la conforman y estudiar las relaciones estructurales existentes entre ellas. El predominio de un enfoque cualitativo que articule el grueso de la investigación permite recoger y analizar toda una serie de factores inmateriales y de difícil cuantificación que tienen gran importancia en procesos económicos y sociales como los que estamos estudiando. Las técnicas utilizadas han sido la entrevista en profundidad de carácter amplio y no estructurado, tanto en su variante individual como de grupo y la observación directa en la idea de que la suma de ambas técnicas permite una mejor comprensión de las factores que alimentan o frenan los procesos de dinamización y puesta en valor de los recursos de un determinado territorio, y de cómo las acciones emprendidas dentro de una estrategia de desarrollo a medio plazo alcanzan con éxito los resultados esperados o fracasan en la consecución de los objetivos propuestos...

La edad de la inocencia. Visiones islámica y cristiana hispanomedieval sobre la infancia

En este trabajo nos dedicamos a estudiar, a través de la lectura de distintas fuentes escritas, la visión que sobre la niñez tenían los grupos cristianos y musulmanes de la Península Ibérica durante la Edad Media. Consideraremos aspectos de la vida infantil como el nacimiento, las figuras que influyen en los primeros momentos de sus vidas, la crianza, la educación, la salud y la muerte, y veremos los puntos en común y de enriquecimiento mutuo entre las dos culturas. Rescataremos también las diferencias que se plantean en determinados temas de acuerdo al punto de vista religioso y cultural de cada grupo en particular.

Recetas medievales para el vidriado de la cerámica

El presente trabajo está dedicado al análisis de las técnicas para el vidriado de la cerámica que aparecen documentadas en diversos tratados y recetarios de época medieval. Se trata de textos procedentes, en su mayor parte, de la Península Italiana, que incluyen recetas dedicadas al vidriado de la cerámica al plomo y al estaño, con particular referencia a la realización de la loza dorada. El estudio comenta los textos donde dichas recetas se insertan, las técnicas de trabajo que mencionan y concluye con un apéndice documental en el que se incluye la traducción al castellano de las recetas estudiadas.

Viabilidade do uso agrícola de resíduo da construção civil e da indústria cerâmica: atributos químicos.

O setor de construção civil enfrenta sérios problemas quanto à disposição de resíduos, uma vez que gera grandes quantidades ao longo do processo de execução das obras ou devido ao desmonte de construções já existentes. A disposição inadequada desses resíduos pode provocar sérios danos ambientais, tais como degradação do solo e recursos hídricos. Uma opção interessante pode ser seu uso agrícola, entretanto existem poucos estudos sobre o tema. Assim, o presente estudo visou caracterizar resíduos da construção civil e avaliar seu efeito sobre alguns atributos do solo. Para tal, foram realizadas análises de pH, teor de macro e micronutrientes e de elementos potencialmente tóxicos. Os resultados indicaram que os resíduos não poderiam ser utilizados como fonte de nutrientes e que também não apresentavam limitações quanto à presença de elementos potencialmente tóxicos. Os altos valores de pH encontrados indicaram potencial dos resíduos em alcalinizar do solo, o que foi confirmado no ensaio em vasos. Também se constatou que os resíduos provocaram aumento da CTC. Assim, concluiu-se que é viável utilizar esses resíduos da construção civil em solos agrícolas, embora mais avaliações ainda devam ser realizadas.

Cerâmica de Santo Antônio do Potengi: entre tradição e modernidade

In the Rio Grande do Norte, the craftsmanship is generating of economy, it involves a significant number of people and is diversified in its raw materials and particular type. As reference of the craft local, the ceramics supplied the primary necessities in the utilitarian domestic servants, acquired piety in the religious figures, were toy in infantile amusements and, finally, gained status of pure ornament. By its historical representation, the district of Santo Antônio do Potengi is considered the most important center of manufacture of craftpottery in the State. The work of the potters continues in that locality anchored between the familiar inheritance and the participation each more influential time of the public politics destined to the sector situation verified for visible alterations in the shape of the pottery from the decade of 1990 with the implantation of a cooperative destined to the collective production. We observe in this passage, that such actions in the measure where they objectify to structuralize conditions ideal to support the artisan making, do not benefit in significant way the social development them craftsmen. It is important not to lose of sight that exists some involved dimensions in this process and that these surpass the common interest for the object and the consequent economic connotation of its commercialization. They are knowledge that imply in the access to raw materials, in the peculiar of the formal aspects and productive methods, in the contextual relations organized to defend the survival of the activity

Estudo de massa cerâmica triaxial visando à otimização do ciclo de queima da indústria de cerâmica estrutural

Over recent years the structural ceramics industry in Brazil has found a very favorable market for growth. However, difficulties related to productivity and product quality are partially inhibiting this possible growth. An alternative for trying to solve these problems and, thus, provide the pottery industry the feasibility of full development, is the substitution of firewood used in the burning process by natural gas. In order to contribute to this process of technological innovation, this paper studies the effect of co-use of ceramic phyllite and kaolin waste on the properties of a clay matrix, verifying the possible benefits that these raw materials can give to the final product, as well as the possibility of such materials to reduce the heat load necessary to obtain products with equal or superior quality. The study was divided into two steps: characterization of materials and study of formulations. Two clays, a phyllite and a residue of kaolin were characterized by the following techniques: laser granulometry, plasticity index by Atterberg limits, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, mineralogical composition by Rietveld, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. To study the formulations, specifically for evaluation of technological properties of the parts, was performed an experimental model that combined planning involving a mixture of three components (standard mass x phyllite x kaolin waste) and a 23 factorial design with central point associated with thermal processing parameters. The experiment was performed with restricted strip-plot randomization. In total, 13 compositional points were investigated within the following constraints: phyllite ≤ 20% by weight, kaolin waste ≤ 40% by weight, and standard mass ≥ 60% by weight. The thermal parameters were used at the following levels: 750 and 950 °C to the firing temperature, 5 and 15 °C/min at the heating rate, 15 and 45min to the baseline. The results showed that the introduction of phyllite and/or kaolin waste in ceramic body produced a number of benefits in properties of the final product, such as: decreased absorption of water, apparent porosity and linear retraction at burn; besides the increase in apparent specific mass and mechanical properties of parts. The best results were obtained in the compositional points where the sum of the levels of kaolin waste and phyllite was maximal (40% by weight), as well as conditions which were used in firing temperatures of 950 °C. Regarding the prospect of savings in heat energy required to form the desired microstructure, the phyllite and the residue of kaolin, for having small particle sizes and constitutions mineralogical phases with the presence of fluxes, contributed to the optimization of the firing cycle.

Programa cultural Aequilibrium (16 agosto 2016) : La poesía Islámica, Asociación Cultural Islámica Shiíta de El Salvador

El poeta Mustafa Al Salvadori y el investigador Bilal Portillo de la Asociación Cultural Islámica Shiíta de El Salvador hablan de la poesía Islamica y la incidencia en la cultura mundial.

Desempenho térmico de coberturas: Um estudo comparativo entre as telhas de material reciclado, de fibra e betume, fibrocimento e cerâmica

This study aims to compare the thermal performance of tiles made from recycled material (waste packaging cardboard with aluminized film) with the tiles of fiber and bitumen, fiber cement and red ceramic with the aim of verifying the suitability of tile to be used in hot and humid climate of low latitude. The samples were selected according to the availability from Natal - RN market, as they are sold to the consumers. The methodology was based on studies that used experimental apparatus composed of thermal chambers heated by banks of incandescent bulbs, to analyze the thermal performance of materials. The tiles in the study were submitted to analysis of thermal performance, thermophysical properties and absorptance, using chambers of thermal performance, measuring the thermophysical properties and portable spectrometer, respectively. Comparative analysis of thermal performance between two samples of the recycled material with dimple sizes and different amounts of aluminum were made, in order to verify, if these characteristics had some interference on the thermal performance of them; the results showed no significant performance differences between the samples. The data obtained in chambers of thermal performance and confirmed by statistical analysis, showed, that the tile of recycled material have similar thermal performance to the tile of fiber cement. In addition to these tests was carried out the automatic monitoring of a building covered with tiles of recycled material, to verify its thermal performance in a real situation. The results showed that recycled shingles must be used with technical criteria similar to those used for fiber cement tiles, with regard to the heat gain into the building. Within these criteria should be taken into account local characteristics, especially in regions with hot and humid climate, and its use must be associated, according to the literature, to elements of thermal insulation and use of passive techniques such as vented attics, ceilings and right foot higher

Avaliação in vitro da adaptação marginal e interna de coroas de cerâmica e resina composta fabricadas com o sistema CAD/CAM utilizando duas câmeras intraorais de moldagem digital

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2015.

Efeito da tecnologia de microondas nas propriedades tecnológicas dos componentes de cerâmica estrutural

O processamento térmico de materiais cerâmicos via energia de microondas, no estágio atual, vem ganhando cada dia mais importância, tendo em vista suas inúmeras aplicações, como por exemplo: aplicação de microondas na área de processamento mineral (aquecimento de minérios antes da moagem, secagem, redução carbotérmica de óxidos minerais, lixiviação, fusão, pré-tratamento de minérios e concentrados de ouro refratário, regeneração de carvão, etc. de acordo com Kigman & Rowson, 1998). Em virtude de uma série de vantagens em potencial, frente aos métodos convencionais de aquecimento, como redução no tempo de processamento; economia de energia; diminuição do diâmetro médio das partículas e melhoramento nas propriedades tecnológicas em geral, esta tecnologia vem se destacando. Neste contexto, o objetivo geral deste trabalho, é desenvolver uma pesquisa visando identificar e caracterizar novas opções de matérias-primas cerâmicas como argilas, feldspatos e caulins que sejam eficazes para definir a formulação de uma ou mais massas para produção de componentes de cerâmica estrutural com propriedades físicas, mecânicas e estéticas adequadas após passarem por sinterização convencional e por energia de microondas destacando as vantagens desta última. Além dos requisitos técnicos e de processo, as formulações apresentadas deverão atender às expectativas de preço e de logística de fornecimento. No estudo foram conformados corpos-de-prova por extrusão e prensagem, sinterizados em fornos microondas e convencional, sob ciclos de queima mais rápidos que os atualmente praticados. As matérias-primas foram caracterizadas e analisadas, utilizando as técnicas de fluorescência por raios X (FRX), difração por raios X (DRX), análise térmica diferencial (DTA), análise térmica gravimétrica (DTG), análise granulométrica (AG), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), absorção d agua (AA), massa especifica aparente (MEA), porosidade aparente (PA), retração linear (RL) e tensão de ruptura e flexão (TRF). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as propriedades tecnológicas de Absorção de água (AA) e Tensão de Ruptura e flexão (TRF), proposto no trabalho foram adquiridos com sucesso e estão bem além do limite exigido pelas especificações das normas da ABNT NBR 15.270/05 e 15.310/09