Pequena contribuição à história natural de alguns Fringillidae do Brasil (Passeriformes)

A short contribution to the Natural History of some Brazilian Frigillidae The following species of Brazilian Fringillidae are mentioned here, the first of which being more deeply studied: 1 - Oryzoborus angolensis angolensis (Linnaeus). 2 - Oryzoborus crassirostris maximiliani Cabanis. 3 - Cyanocompsa cyanea sterea Oberholser. 4 - Coryphospingus cucullatus rubescens (Swainson). About each one of the referred species, the Author gives native names, some datas and observations on its reproduction and behaviour under captivity, as well as on its natural alimentation. Some considerations about the geographical races of Oryzoborus angolensis: O. a. angolensis (Linnaeus) and 0. a. torridus (Scopoli) -are also made. Both the races occur in Brasil and, according to the Author's opinion, they are not satisfactorily caracterized.

Contribuição a história natural do «Pararu» Scardafella squammata squammata(Lesson) (1)

The main wild doves of the region of Piracicaba (State of S. Paulo, Brazil) are Columba cayennensis sylvestris Vieillot, Oreopeleia montana montana (L.), Leptotila verreauxi decipiens Salvadori, Columbigallina talpacoti talpacoti. (Temminck) and Scardafella squammata squammata (Lesson). The last one is well known for the beauty of the coloration of its feathers and for the characteristic sounds produced when flying up. Of common occurrence around the local farms, that species can easily be recognized not only for the mentioned peculiarities as for the voice of the adults, which was translated into the Brazilian onomatopoeia by the expression "fogo-apagou". S. squammata's biology being not well known, the Author presents some notes on its nidification, behaviour of both sexes and of the young birds. The data were gotten in nature and with specimens kept in captivity, where the reproduction took place. In such a situation, the male dove used thin and small wooden shavings to build the nest, an artificial material unknown by him when in nature. This fact may be considered as another proof of the plasticity of the instinctive conduct of birds, not so marked as the one given by SCHIRCH (1931) concerning Synallaxis sp. (Furnariidae), which made use of wire pieces and also barbed wires in confectioning the nest. The copulation was sometimes verified, being preceded by the phenomena well known in other Columbidae species. The nest had its building ready just on the day in which the first egg was laid. As it generally happens amongst doves, the nest was not carefully made - a simple and shallow bowl (diameter = 10 cm), where two entirely white eggs were put.. .. ..(22,5-24,5 x 18,0-19,0 mm). The eclosion took place 14 days after the laying of the last egg. As soon as the young doves (at least the male one) can feed by themselves, they try to produce the characteristic species sounds. "Pararu", a common name oly applied to another species - Claravis godefrida (Temminck) - is reported, which is preferably used by people in this region to call the studied dove. No differences between the coloration of the fathers of the two sexes were observed. The female dove seemed to be a little thinner than the male. In addition, the slight differences between the sounds produced by the male and female are pointed out.

História da fitovirologia no Brasil

O presente trabalho é uma revisão histórica sucinta da atuação de fitopatologistas, fitovirologistas e outros técnicos no Brasil na área das viroses de plantas. É considerado que a estrutura atual da pesquisa fitovirológica existente a nível federal ou estadual no país é suficiente para enfrentar problemas representados pelas viroses de nossas culturas. Mas é apontado que há falta de uns poucos centros de pesquisa básica com vírus de plantas independentemente de considerações econômicas de problemas existentes. É mencionado que há dificuldade. em obter recursos para qualquer instituição ou grupo que trabalhe em pesquisas mais básicas e que essas são melhor adaptadas a uma universidade ou instituto altamente especializado.

Os Testudines continentais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: taxonomia, história natural e conservação

O Rio Grande do Sul é o estado mais meridional do Brasil, apresentando fauna e flora peculiares associadas às características morfoclimáticas da região. A diversidade de Testudines do Rio Grande do Sul é representada por seis espécies continentais e cinco marinhas. Este estudo apresenta comentários sobre a diversidade de quelônios continentais do Rio Grande do Sul, através de uma compilação de dados publicados e alguns inéditos sobre sua biologia e estado de conservação.

The Catalan countries project (1931-1939)

In the evolution of Catalan nationalism, as much politician as cultural, the period of II Spanish Republic (1931-1939) was essential. The obtaining of the Statute of Autonomy (1931-1932) supposed the beginning of a stage of expansion in multiple aspects. One of them were the contacts with the Catalanists nuclei of the rest of the cultural space of Catalan language in which, at that time, it would begin to call Catalan Countries (Balearic Islands, Valencian Country, Andorra, Rosselló, to l'Alguer). On Those Collaborations between cultural organizations, political and particular parties Catalonia always will be the model to follow. The Increasing connections will be visualized on press, as well as on cultural celebrations, policy of parties and Constituent Courts. This evolution will be cut by the Franco victory in the Civil War in 1939.

Historiografia i història de la salut pública

Aquest text planteja, des d’un punt de vista historiogràfic, com el concepte de salut pública es va construir històricament en les primeres dècades del segle XIX a Anglaterra i com es va construir historiogràficament a mitjan segle XX, al costat del procés de professionalització dels salubristes.

Les biografies mèdiques: entre l'hagiografia i la història

El treball analitza la tradició del gènere biogràfic dins la historiografia mèdica, iniciada amb el model biobibliogràfic i continuada amb les grans figures de la medicina, que entrà en crisi amb la història social de la medicina. Es plantegen les utilitats actuals del gènere biogràfic i si és possible escriure biografies mèdiques no desconnectades dels nous corrents historiogràfics.

El pluralisme mèdic: una clau interpretativa per a una història integral de la medicina

El recurs als professionals sanitaris es sols una part de totes aquelles iniciatives, actuacions o creences que els nostres avantpassats van desenvolupar per conservar o millorar la salut, prevenir la malaltia o recuperar la salut. El recurs a altres tipus d'instàncies assistencials o terapèutiques, que es coneix com "pluralisme assistencial", sol ser la norma més que l'excepció. Per a enfocar adequadament aquest problema, cal centrar la indagació històrica sobre aquells -les persones malaltes o sanes- que volien i buscaven la salut. Aquests tipus d'acostaments pretenen tenir en compte totes les possibilitats a les quals es va recórrer en el passat per tal d'afrontar els problemes de salut.

Use and users of electronic journals at Catalan universities: the results of a survey

Es presenten els resultats d’una enquesta sobre l’ús de revistes electròniques realitzada al professorat de les universitats que formen el Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya (CBUC). Els resultats mostren un elevat grau de coneixement de la col·lecció de revistes electròniques entre el personal docent i investigador i una creixent preferència pel format electrònic en detriment de l’imprès. L’alt grau de coneixement i d’ús dels títols electrònics, i la preferència per aquest suport, comporten una elevada valoració de la col·lecció de revistes electròniques. Al mateix temps, la major part dels usuaris preveu un increment de l’ús dels títols electrònics durant els propers anys. Els resultats també confirmen la importància de la disciplina i de l’edat com a factors explicatius de l’ús de les revistes electròniques.

The Key party in the catalan government

This paper analyzes the different compositions of the catalan governing coalitions during the current democratic period, and offers some predictions about the coalitions that can be expected in the future. During this period, in catalan politics, there have been two main political issues over which the different parties have taken positions: rightist versus leftist with respect to economic policy, and sovereign versus centralist with respect to the power distribution within the state. I find that for any allocation of parliament seats there is a key party: a party that has a clear advantage in terms of being able to decide the composition of the governing coalition. I show the features that allow a party to become the key party and those that affect the size of the advantage of the key party.